scholarly journals Possibilities of Automated Diagnostics of Odontogenic Sinusitis According to the Computer Tomography Data

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Oleg G. Avrunin ◽  
Yana V. Nosova ◽  
Ibrahim Younouss Abdelhamid ◽  
Sergii V. Pavlov ◽  
Natalia O. Shushliapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Multiplanar Reconstructions ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Odontogenic Sinusitis ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Tomography Data ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Individual anatomical features of the paranasal sinuses and dentoalveolar system, the complexity of physiological and pathophysiological processes in this area, and the absence of actual standards of the norm and typical pathologies lead to the fact that differential diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the course of odontogenic sinusitis significantly depend on the measurement methods of significant indicators and have significant variability. Therefore, an urgent task is to expand the diagnostic capabilities of existing research methods, study the significance of the measured indicators, and substantiate the expediency of their use in the diagnosis of specific pathologies in an automated mode. Methods of digital filtering, image segmentation and analysis, fluid dynamics, and statistical and discriminant analysis were used. Preliminary differential diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis can be performed by densitemetric analysis of tomographic images of the maxillary sinuses, performed using frontal multiplanar reconstructions according to a given algorithm. The very manifestation of the characteristic changes in the densitography of the maxillary sinus allows for the initiation of certain pathological processes and permits the development of the effectiveness of the diagnosis of the pathology of the sinus sinuses, which can be realized automatically in real life.

scholarly journals Online symptom checker diagnostic and triage accuracy for HIV and hepatitis C

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Berry ◽  
B.D. Cash ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
M.S. Mulekar ◽  
A.B. Van Haneghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Complex Patient ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

AbstractWe sought to address the prior limitations of symptom checker accuracy by analysing the diagnostic and triage feasibility of online symptom checkers using a consecutive series of real-life emergency department (ED) patient encounters, and addressing a complex patient population – those with hepatitis C or HIV. We aimed to study the diagnostic and triage accuracy of these symptom checkers in relation to an emergency room physician-determined diagnosis. An ED retrospective analysis was performed on 8363 consecutive adult patients. Eligible patients included: 90 HIV, 67 hepatitis C, 11 both HIV and hepatitis C. Five online symptom checkers were utilised for diagnosis (Mayo Clinic, WebMD, Symptomate, Symcat, Isabel), three with triage capabilities. Symptom checker output was compared with ED physician-determined diagnosis data in regards to diagnostic accuracy and differential diagnosis listing, along with triage advice. All symptom checkers, whether for combined HIV and hepatitis C, HIV alone or hepatitis C alone had poor diagnostic accuracy in regards to Top1 (<20%), Top3 (<35%), Top10 (<40%), Listed at All (<45%). Significant variations existed for each individual symptom checker, as some appeared more accurate for listing the diagnosis in the top of the differential, vs. others more apt to list the diagnosis at all. In regards to ED triage data, a significantly higher percentage of hepatitis C patients (59.7%; 40/67) were found to have an initial diagnosis with emergent criteria than HIV patients (35.6%; 32/90). Symptom checker diagnostic capabilities are quite inferior to physician diagnostic capabilities. Complex patients such as those with HIV or hepatitis C may carry a more specific differential diagnosis, warranting symptom checkers to have diagnostic algorithms accounting for such complexity. Symptom checkers carry the potential for real-time epidemiologic monitoring of patient symptoms, as symptom entries and subsequent symptom checker diagnosis could allow health officials a means to track illnesses in specific patient populations and geographic regions. In order to do this, accurate and reliable symptom checkers are warranted.

Assessing the diagnostic capabilities of the app DemDx in an acute care setting (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cian Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Medical Student Education ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Clinical Accuracy ◽  
Education Tool ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

UNSTRUCTURED DemDx is a differential diagnosis app for students and junior doctors. Starting with a patient’s presenting complaint the app goes through a step-by-process through history, examination and investigation findings to an increasingly refined differential diagnosis list until a single most likely diagnosis is reached. The aim of this project was to assess the accuracy of DemDx in an Emergency Department (ED) setting. Anonymised clinical records for 100 patients were retrospectively obtained from the ED in Beth Israel, Boston, USA. This contained the differential diagnoses from the clerking doctor, who performed the initial assessment (D1). The discharge diagnosis was used as the gold standard diagnosis (D2). D1 agreed with D2 in 74.44% of cases while DemDx agreed with D2 in 85.56% of cases (p=0.0003716). When the first, and thus most likely, differential was taken from D1 and DemDx, they agreed with D2 in 20 and 18.8% of cases, respectively (p=0.1428). This demonstration of the clinical accuracy of the app highlights how it can be a useful medical student education tool.

Scleroderma and Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Antinuclear Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Localized Scleroderma ◽  
Eosinophilic Fasciitis ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Scleroderma spectrum diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are distinguished by abnormalities of the connective tissue in the skin and, in some cases, other organs. Each disorder may be characterized by the extent of cutaneous and internal involvement, as well as histopathologic features of skin biopsy. Scleroderma spectrum diseases include systemic scleroderma, localized scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis. This chapter reviews the classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, outcome measures, management, and clinical course of scleroderma as well as the definition and classification, etiology/genetics, differential diagnosis, and treatment of localized scleroderma. Also discussed are the definition and classification, epidemiology, etiology/genetics/pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis. Tables review the classification of—and antinuclear antibodies in—scleroderma as well as the key assessments and interventions in scleroderma management. Figures illustrate the disease's presentation and clinical manifestations, including several images of scleroderma of the hands; face, palmar, and buccal telangiectasias in a patient with scleroderma; a radiograph demonstrating calcinosis of the elbow; Raynaud’s phenomenon; high-resolution computed tomographic images of diffuse cutaneous scleroderma, scleroderma and severe pulmonary hypertension, and limited cutaneous scleroderma; plus an esophagram demonstrating hypomotility. This review contains 11 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 72 references.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Prevalence of Maxillary Sinuses Abnormalities through Spiral Computed Tomography (CT)

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Drumond ◽  
Bruna Allegro ◽  
Neil Novo ◽  
Sérgio de Miranda ◽  
Wilson Sendyk
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Oroantral Fistula ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Odontogenic Sinusitis ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Introduction Maxillary sinus disease is common and numerous disorders can affect this anatomical area. Abnormalities can be classified as: non-neoplastic, neoplastic benign, and neoplastic malignant. Objective Evaluate through CT the prevalence of diseases in maxillary sinuses, using the Radiology Department's database of a hospital in São Paulo city. Methods The sample consisted of 762 facial CT scans that we divided into three groups: Group A (12–19 years old); Group B (20–49 years old); Group C (above 50 years old); and male or female. We considered the following pathological processes: I - Mucoperiosteal Thickening; II - Chronic Sinusitis; III - Chronic Odontogenic Sinusitis; IV - Rhinosinusitis; V - Polypoid Lesions; VI - Bone Lesions; VII - Neoplasms; VIII - Antrolith; IX - Foreign Bodies; X - Oroantral Fistula. Results Our study found that 305 exams (40.02%) were normal and 457 exams (59.97%) were abnormal. We found the following disease frequencies: focal mucoperiosteal thickening (21.25%); polypoid lesions (10.76%); chronic sinusitis (7.48%); chronic odontogenic sinusitis (2.29%); neoplasms (2.03%); rhinosinusitis (1.77%); bone lesions, foreign bodies and oroantral fistula in 0.65%; 0.13% and 0.06% respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female, and Groups A, B, or C when relating the frequencies of abnormalities found. There was no significant difference between male and female and the age group for the side of the altered maxillary sinus. Conclusion We observed a high prevalence of sinus maxillary diseases. Mucoperiosteal thickening; acute, chronic, and odontogenic sinusitis; polypoid lesions and neoplasms have high prevalence in maxillary sinuses. Thus, facial CT exam was effective for the evaluation of diseases in maxillary sinuses.

scholarly journals P089: Does the use of ultrasound improve diagnosis during simulated trauma scenarios?

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S108
Author(s):  
D. McLean ◽  
L. Hewitson ◽  
D. Lewis ◽  
J. Fraser ◽  
J. Mekwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Attending Physicians ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Point of care ultrasound (US) is a key adjunct in the management of trauma patients, in the form of the extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma (E-FAST) scan. This study assessed the impact of adding an edus2 ultrasound simulator on the diagnostic capabilities of resident and attending physicians participating in simulated trauma scenarios. Methods: 12 residents and 20 attending physicians participated in 114 trauma simulations utilizing a Laerdal 3G mannequin. Participants generated a ranked differential diagnosis list after a standard assessment, and again after completing a simulated US scan for each scenario. We compared reports to determine if US improved diagnostic performance over a physical exam alone. Standard statistical tests (χ2 and Student t tests) were performed. The research team was independent of the edus2 designers. Results: Primary diagnosis improved significantly from 53 (46%) to 97 (85%) correct diagnoses with the addition of simulated US (χ2=37.7, 1df; p=&lt;0.0001). Of the 61 scenarios where an incorrect top ranked diagnosis was given, 51 (84%) improved following US. Participants were assigned a score from 1 to 5 based on where the correct diagnosis was ranked, with a 5 indicating a correct primary diagnosis. Median scores significantly increased from 3.8 (IQR 3, 4.9) to 5 (IQR 4.7, 5; W=219, p&lt;0.0001).Participants were significantly more confident in their diagnoses after using the US simulator, as shown by the increase in their mean confidence in the correct diagnosis from 53.1% (SD 22.8) to 83.5% (SD 19.1; t=9.0; p&lt;0.0001)Additionally, participants significantly narrowed their differential diagnosis lists from an initial medium count of 3.5 (IQR 2.9, 4.4) possible diagnoses to 2.4 (IQR 1.9, 3; W=-378, p&lt;0.0001) following US. The performance of residents was compared to that of attending physicians for each of the above analyses. No differences in performance were detected. Conclusion: This study showed that the addition of ultrasound to simulated trauma scenarios improved the diagnostic capabilities of resident and attending physicians. Specifically, participants improved in diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, and diagnostic precision. Additionally, we have shown that the edus2 simulator can be integrated into high fidelity simulation in a way that improves diagnostic performance.

scholarly journals AL-amyloidosis with cardiac involvement. Diagnostic capabilities of non-invasive methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ya. Gudkova ◽  
Sergei V. Lapekin ◽  
Tinatin G. Bezhanishvili ◽  
Maria A. Trukshina ◽  
Victoria G. Davydova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Al Amyloidosis ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Amyloid Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

There are presented the literature data and a description of the clinical course of the disease in isolated/predominant cardiac amyloidosis. Amyloid cardiomyopathy is the most common phenocopy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The modern possibilities of non-invasive diagnostics using osteoscintigraphy for the differential diagnosis between amyloid cardiomyopathy caused by AL- and transthyretin amyloidosis are described in detail.

scholarly journals Optimization of Early Diagnostics of Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
N. Stepanov ◽  
Z. Duvayarov ◽  
I, Bystrova ◽  
T. Chepaikina ◽  
V. Kostrova
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Special Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

The prevalence and incidence of prostate cancer is gradually increasing both in our country and in countries near and far abroad. The difficulties in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer are convincingly evidenced by the fact that the level of diagnostic errors reaches 40%. It should be noted that in assessing the differential diagnostic capabilities of the indicators of the clinical and special examination methods for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, disagreements were found in 46–77% of the analyzed clinical signs, the changes of which mainly reflect the negative nature of the effect of tumor decay products on the patient’s body. The aim of the study was to improve the early diagnosis of prostate cancer by using the mathematical method of differential diagnosis of prostate pathology, as well as the rationale for the proposed method for early diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with clinical symptoms. Using our proposed method for early diagnosis of prostate cancer makes the diagnosis not only reliable and accurate, but also independent of the level of qualification of the urologist and his personal experience, allows you to unify, optimize and personify the differential diagnosis of prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer.

Scleroderma and Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Antinuclear Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Localized Scleroderma ◽  
Eosinophilic Fasciitis ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Computed Tomographic

Scleroderma spectrum diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are distinguished by abnormalities of the connective tissue in the skin and, in some cases, other organs. Each disorder may be characterized by the extent of cutaneous and internal involvement, as well as histopathologic features of skin biopsy. Scleroderma spectrum diseases include systemic scleroderma, localized scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis. This chapter reviews the classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, outcome measures, management, and clinical course of scleroderma as well as the definition and classification, etiology/genetics, differential diagnosis, and treatment of localized scleroderma. Also discussed are the definition and classification, epidemiology, etiology/genetics/pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis. Tables review the classification of—and antinuclear antibodies in—scleroderma as well as the key assessments and interventions in scleroderma management. Figures illustrate the disease's presentation and clinical manifestations, including several images of scleroderma of the hands; face, palmar, and buccal telangiectasias in a patient with scleroderma; a radiograph demonstrating calcinosis of the elbow; Raynaud’s phenomenon; high-resolution computed tomographic images of diffuse cutaneous scleroderma, scleroderma and severe pulmonary hypertension, and limited cutaneous scleroderma; plus an esophagram demonstrating hypomotility. This review contains 11 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 72 references.

Transient epileptic and global amnesia: Real-life differential diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Lanzone ◽  
Lorenzo Ricci ◽  
Giovanni Assenza ◽  
Martina Ulivi ◽  
Vincenzo Di Lazzaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Global Amnesia
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document