scholarly journals Optical Fiber Array Sensor for Force Estimation and Localization in TAVI Procedure: Design, Modeling, Analysis and Validation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5377
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Bandari ◽  
Javad Dargahi ◽  
Muthukumaran Packirisamy
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
External Force ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Intensity Modulation ◽  
Force Estimation ◽  
Fiber Array

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation has shown superior clinical outcomes compared to open aortic valve replacement surgery. The loss of the natural sense of touch, inherited from its minimally invasive nature, could lead to misplacement of the valve in the aortic annulus. In this study, a cylindrical optical fiber sensor is proposed to be integrated with valve delivery catheters. The proposed sensor works based on intensity modulation principle and is capable of measuring and localizing lateral force. The proposed sensor was constituted of an array of optical fibers embedded on a rigid substrate and covered by a flexible shell. The optical fibers were modeled as Euler–Bernoulli beams with both-end fixed boundary conditions. To study the sensing principle, a parametric finite element model of the sensor with lateral point loads was developed and the deflection of the optical fibers, as the determinant of light intensity modulation was analyzed. Moreover, the sensor was fabricated, and a set of experiments were performed to study the performance of the sensor in lateral force measurement and localization. The results showed that the transmitted light intensity decreased up to 24% for an external force of 1 N. Additionally, the results showed the same trend between the simulation predictions and experimental results. The proposed sensor was sensitive to the magnitude and position of the external force which shows its capability for lateral force measurement and localization.

Fabrication of Lensed Plastic Optical Fiber Array Using Electrostatic Force

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Tun Tseng ◽  
Jhong-Bin Huang ◽  
Che-Hsin Lin ◽  
Chin-Lung Chen ◽  
Wood-Hi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Power Budget ◽  
Fiber Array ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers ◽  
Efficient Coupling

The GI (graded-index) POFs (Plastic optical fibers), which has been proven to reach distances as long as 1 km at 1.25 Gb/s has a relatively low numerical aperture . Therefore, the efficient coupling of GI POFs to the light source has become critical to the power budget in the system. Efficient coupling for a POFs system normally involves either a separate lens or the direct formation of the lens at the end of the fiber. Forming the lens-like structure directly on the fiber end is preferred for simplicity of fabrication and packaging, such as polishing and fusion, combine different fibers with the cascaded fiber method and hydroflouride (HF) chemical etching. These approaches are well established, but applicable only to glass. Optical assembly architecture for multichannel fibers and optical devices is critical to optical fiber interconnections. Multichannel fiber-pigtail laser diode (LD) modules have potential for supporting higher data throughput and longer transmission distances. However, to be of practical use, these modules must be more precise. This work proposes and manufactures lensed plastic optical fibers (LPOF) array. This novel manipulation can be utilized to fabricate an aspherical lens on a fiber array after the UV curing of the photo-sensitive polymer; the coupling efficiency (CE) is increased and exceeds 47% between the LD array and the fiber array.

scholarly journals Study of Macrobending Losses Effect in Plastic Optical Fibber.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Egyn Furqon Ghozali ◽  
Mohtar Yunianto ◽  
Nuryani N
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Plastic Optical Fiber ◽  
Model Based

<span>Experimental study to analyze the effect of macrobending losses in plastic optical fiber triple bending <span>model based on PC (personal computer) has been conducted. The data is gathered by measuring the <span>change of the light intensity due to the presence of bending on optical fibers. The bending causes losses <span>of optical fiber that is read by WIM (weight in motion) Acquisition program based on Borlan Delphi 7. <span>The optical fibers are plastic with diameter of 3 mm. The diameter of pin is 8 mm and the space between <span>the pin is 5 mm. The light source is a LED (<span><em>λ</em><span>=676 nm). As a result, the losses of optical fiber increase <span>with the enhancement of bending. The increase trend linear to sensitivity of the sensor with gradient of <span>0,1063 and <span><em>R</em><span>2 <span>of 0,9626. Therefore, the proposed design might be applied as a WIM sensor.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span>

scholarly journals Desain Sensor Serat Optik Sederhana untuk Mengukur Konsentrasi Larutan Gula dan Garam Berbasis Pemantulan dengan Menggunakan Konfigurasi Jarak Cermin-Fiber Optik Tetap

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Arrini Nurul M ◽  
Ahmad Marzuki ◽  
Mohtar Yunianto
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Structure Change ◽  
Intensity Modulation ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Polymer Optical Fiber ◽  
Simple Method

<span>A simple method to measure a solution refractive index using fixed mirror refractive optical <span>fiber sensor has been investigated. The solution used are sugar and salt solution, with concen<span>tration varies from 1M to 5M. The diameter of polymer optical fiber used is 0.5 mm and light <span>source used is LED (λ=676 nm). The sensor work based on light intensity modulation, sub <span>jected to mechanical structure change of the fiber due to an applied force. The result showed <span>that the concentration of sugar and salt linearly are related with their refractive indeces <span>(R<span>2<span>=0,95006) and (R<span>2<span>=0,99858).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span>

scholarly journals Virtual tyre force sensors: An overview of tyre model-based and tyre model-less state estimation techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (14) ◽  
pp. 1883-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Acosta ◽  
S Kanarachos ◽  
M Blundell
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Force Sensors ◽  
Force Estimation ◽  
Bank Angle ◽  
Tyre Model

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on tyre force estimation and road grip recognition approaches. With the development of modern automotive control systems, a precise estimation of a large number of vehicle states is necessary to guarantee a robust actuation of the controller. Moreover, the estimation of these states must be carried out in a cost-effective and reliable way. The aim of this work is to provide a solid base for the development of automotive virtual sensors, and in particular, virtual tyre force sensors. An initial overview of the tyre force estimation problem is provided in the first section. Tyre and vehicle modelling, as well as observers for vehicle state estimation, are covered in detail in the second section. The third section introduces a brief discussion regarding the main limitations of direct tyre force measurement approaches. In the following sections, relevant works regarding three-axis tyre force estimation and road grip recognition are discussed. The review is structured around longitudinal force estimation, lateral force estimation, combined tyre force estimation, tyre self-alignment torque estimation and vertical tyre force estimation. Within each section, the most significant road grip identification approaches are introduced. An additional section, Road slope and bank angle compensation, describes relevant work on estimation methods for global chassis orientation. A brief summary of the presented approaches is provided in the section Summary of presented approaches. Finally, relevant conclusions and further research steps are given in the last section.

scholarly journals Optimizing Natural Light Distribution for Indoor Plant Growth Using PMMA Optical Fiber: Simulation and Empirical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Asiabanpour ◽  
Alejandra Estrada ◽  
Ricardo Ramirez ◽  
Marisa S. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Output Intensity ◽  
Lighting Simulation ◽  
Fiber Output ◽  
Sunlight Intensity

Daylighting methods have evolved along with the impetus to reduce the total nonrenewable utility energy consumed by lighting. In general, daylighting systems are an efficient method of delivering light for indoor applications. However, there is little research looking specifically at indoor agriculture applications. Today, optical fibers are commonly used in various applications including imaging, lighting, and sensing. Our study simulated and tested the efficiency of an optical fiber daylighting system in an indoor environment. We tested the illumination performance of optical fibers and specifically looked at light intensity, light uniformity, and the spectrum of 20 mm and 3 mm optical fibers at five distances by offsetting a spectrometer. The scenarios were first modeled and tested using lighting simulation software. Similar settings were then empirically implemented and measured. The results showed that a difference in diameter had an effect on light intensity and light uniformity; the larger the diameter the better the light uniformity and light intensity. Further, the distance at which the spectrometer was placed in reference to the light source showed a relationship between both light intensity and light uniformity; the smaller the distance the more the intensity and the less the uniformity. Additionally, the experiments showed that sunlight intensity was 30 times and 140 times greater than optical fiber output intensity in the absence of any UV filter and presence of UV light, respectively.

Defects Inspection of Steel Ball Based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Ping Li ◽  
Yong Kui Zhang ◽  
Chang Sheng Ai ◽  
Yu Zhen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Intensity Modulation ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Modulation Characteristic ◽  
Fiber Sensing ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensing ◽  
Bearing Ball

Surface quality of bearing ball is one of important factors to improve service performance. It is difficult to detect bearing ball surface defects with high precision and low cost by conventional methods. In this paper one new classification method based on optical fiber sensing technology was put forward from the longitudinal section angle. Inspection mechanism of Y-type and coaxial fiber sensor were analyzed, the mathematical models of the two fiber sensors were established and numerical simulations were realized by Matlab software. Influence of optical fiber parameters on light intensity modulation characteristic regulation was studied. Light intensity modulation characteristic experiments were done with specimens of different reflectivity and processing methods. The results show optical fiber sensing technique is an effective method to separate different surface of steel ball with extracting of two parameters displacement and surface reflectivity.

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