scholarly journals PRASH: A Framework for Privacy Risk Analysis of Smart Homes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6399
Author(s):  
Joseph Bugeja ◽  
Andreas Jacobsson ◽  
Paul Davidsson
Keyword(s):  
Formal Specification ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Privacy Risk ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Face ◽  
Privacy Risks

Smart homes promise to improve the quality of life of residents. However, they collect vasts amounts of personal and sensitive data, making privacy protection critically important. We propose a framework, called PRASH, for modeling and analyzing the privacy risks of smart homes. It is composed of three modules: a system model, a threat model, and a set of privacy metrics, which together are used for calculating the privacy risk exposure of a smart home system. By representing a smart home through a formal specification, PRASH allows for early identification of threats, better planning for risk management scenarios, and mitigation of potential impacts caused by attacks before they compromise the lives of residents. To demonstrate the capabilities of PRASH, an executable version of the smart home system configuration was generated using the proposed formal specification, which was then analyzed to find potential attack paths while also mitigating the impacts of those attacks. Thereby, we add important contributions to the body of knowledge on the mitigations of threat agents violating the privacy of users in their homes. Overall, the use of PRASH will help residents to preserve their right to privacy in the face of the emerging challenges affecting smart homes.

Utility of EMG to Quantify Activity Levels in Small Muscles

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Gongbing Shan ◽  
Peter W Visentin ◽  
Peter Iltis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Face

The article EMG Characterization of Embouchure Muscle Activity, by Iltis and Givens, published in the March 2005 issue [MPPA 2005;20(1):25-34], adds significantly to the body of knowledge attempting to relate muscle activity to pathologies that appear to arise from it. In their study of embouchure dystonia, the authors focused on small/tiny muscles in the face, a goal that challenges the limits of EMG as a reliable tool. In this regard, we would appreciate the authors addressing two concerns that arise from use of a surface EMG technique.

scholarly journals Investigating People’s Privacy Risk Perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Gerber ◽  
Benjamin Reinheimer ◽  
Melanie Volkamer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Privacy Risk ◽  
Risk Scenarios ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Risk Scenario ◽  
Privacy Risks

Abstract Although media reports often warn about risks associated with using privacy-threatening technologies, most lay users lack awareness of particular adverse consequences that could result from this usage. Since this might lead them to underestimate the risks of data collection, we investigate how lay users perceive different abstract and specific privacy risks. To this end, we conducted a survey with 942 participants in which we asked them to rate nine different privacy risk scenarios in terms of probability and severity. The survey included abstract risk scenarios as well as specific risk scenarios, which describe specifically how collected data can be abused, e.g., to stalk someone or to plan burglaries. To gain broad insights into people’s risk perception, we considered three use cases: Online Social Networks (OSN), smart home, and smart health devices. Our results suggest that abstract and specific risk scenarios are perceived differently, with abstract risk scenarios being evaluated as likely, but only moderately severe, whereas specific risk scenarios are considered to be rather severe, but only moderately likely. People, thus, do not seem to be aware of specific privacy risks when confronted with an abstract risk scenario. Hence, privacy researchers or activists should make people aware of what collected and analyzed data can be used for when abused (by the service or even an unauthorized third party).

scholarly journals Nexus between Product Innovation and Enterprise Survival: Impact of Competitive Intensity and Competitive Advantage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lu Zhou ◽  
James Onuche Ayegba ◽  
Peace Maina James ◽  
Emmanuel Onu Ayegba ◽  
Xin jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Competitive Intensity ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Face

Product innovation is a crucial factor in enterprise survival. Even though there are sources from strategic theory that guides the clear comprehension towards appreciating the nexus between these two variables (product innovation and enterprise survival), there are still many lacunas that should be addressed and filled. Consequently, the need for additional empirical corroboration or support is pertinent. This study aimed at verifying the nexus between product innovation and enterprise survival, and how they are affected by the existence of antecedent variables such as competitive intensity and competitive advantage. In the methodology, this study adopts the conduct of explanatory and cross-sectional investigations through the use of structural equation modelling (SEM) to a sample of selected food and beverages enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria. Regarding the food and beverage enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria, this study discovered that competitive intensity has huge positive implication on product innovation at (0.39; t = 5.69, p < 0.05). This gives numerical evidence that, in the face of more market competition, enterprises will be pressured to adopt the model of costs reduction on products which will enhance the reduction of product prices, and will have significant impact on profit. However, the findings reveal that there is no significance between competitive advantage and product innovation at (0.002; t = 0.203, p > 0.05), and there is no significance between product innovation and enterprise survival at (-0.035; t = -1.583, p > .05). As a result, the food and beverage enterprises should concentrate more on product innovation so that they will be able to stand the intensity of competition. The results emanated from the study is germane as it make significant contribution to literature and the body of knowledge and on strategic management by enlightening that competitive intensity is a necessary inducement for product innovation.

Branding dilemma: the case of branding Hyderabad city

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-564
Author(s):  
Rhulia Nukhu ◽  
Sapna Singh
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
City Branding ◽  
City Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hospitality Managers ◽  
Destination Management Organizations ◽  
The City

Purpose Hyderabad City today is a blend of metro and heritage causing much dilemma to what it offers the visitors. A mixture of the “Nawabi – the good old days city” and “information technology hub – a new metropolitan city,” has changed the perception of the city. This has blurred the vision of positioning the city. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the existing city image and the execution of a clear brand message in the face of ambiguous essence of the place. Design/methodology/approach The exploratory case study was divided into two parts. In the first stage of the study, an in-depth interview was conducted on tour operators, hotels and hospitality managers, tourists and residents. In the second stage of the study, the review text was scrapped from TripAdvisor. Further text collocate, linked analysis and word trees were done on reviews of Hyderabad city using Voyant tools to find the core attributes of the city image. Findings The finding indicates that the city branding is diluted with a blended essence of heritage and metropolis, making the positioning of the city ambiguous. Moreover, the findings reveal that the blend of the two dichotomous characteristics of the city can study out through the implementation of the dual branding and story narration of the city. Research limitations/implications The study is no short of limitations, as it is a case-based, subjectivity is inevitable, the selection of the respondents for the interviews was on convenience-based. The number of interviewees for the study is limited thus cannot be generalized. In addition, another limitation of the study is that only few reviews on Hyderabad city were found on TripAdvisor not enough to sustain more elaborated results and, as the reviews were basically from tourists, further there may be some elimination of other important aspects of the city. Text analysis has its own limitation such as it cannot track sarcasm or identify the spelling errors or synonymous. Despite the limitations, the study attempts to shed some light on the city’s needs to rebranding. Practical implications One of the important contributions of the study is its implications, for tour operators and policymakers. For the former, the need to communicate and position the brand and develop a strategy that bridges the gap between heritage image and metropolis. In addition, for the later, for setting the national urban policies that conserve the heritage sites and improvise the management. Social implications To conserve the culture, tradition and heritage sites in the impetus of the city’s phenomenal urbanization and development. Originality/value City as a brand is complex, the present research brings out the complexity based on the essence of the city bridging the gap through an insightful approach. Expanding the body of knowledge, at the same time providing insightful implications for destination stakeholders such as managers, policymakers and destination management organizations.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

A Stellenbosch University #FeesMustFall Herstory: Reflections of a So-Called "Radical Black Intersectional Feminist"

Politeia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashanti Kunene
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Patriarchal Narratives

#FeesMustFall was a movement whose maxim was, “This revolution will be intersectional, or it will be bullshit.” This article is a self-reflection on my participation as a so-called radical black intersectional feminist in the #FeesMustFall movement at Stellenbosch University. It is also an attempt to provide evidence of the double erasures taking place in the mainstream patriarchal narratives about the #FeesMustFall movement. My story bears witness to the fact that queer black womxn were the backbone of the movement and that #FeesMustFall did indeed occur at Stellenbosch University. These constitute the double erasures taking place in terms of what is and can be known about the #FeesMustFall movement. My reflections serve to make a much-needed contribution to the body of knowledge produced about the #FeesMustFall movement.

Thinking about offender social reintegration: A case study of one NGO programme in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 002087282096742
Author(s):  
Emmison Muleya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Former Offenders ◽  
Offender Reintegration

Successful social reintegration is critical if we are to reduce recidivism and crime in general. This voice of people article presents a background case for why effective offender reintegration services are key in South Africa, and the Eastern Cape in particular, through an example of the Offender Reintegration programme rendered by the National Institute of Crime Prevention and Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO). Apart from the paucity of literature on offender reintegration, very few voices from people working directly with these former offenders are ever heard. Therefore, this article seeks to address this gap by contributing to the body of knowledge on offender social reintegration.

scholarly journals How Does Retail Engage Consumers in Sustainable Consumption? A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Carmen Bălan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Retail Marketing ◽  
Marketing Actions

The academic literature on consumer engagement and sustainable consumption has developed gradually over the last two decades. The body of knowledge related to the role of food and non-food retailers in this context, however, is only beginning to develop. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse the existing literature on how retailers fulfil their role in engaging consumers in sustainable consumption. The need for a study with this purpose is proven by the fact that academic literature lacks a systematic review on this topic, despite the ascending trend in the number of published articles in the field. This systematic review is based on a five-step process to ensure quality, replicability, transparency, and reliable conclusions. The reviewed articles were published relatively recently in academic journals from different domains. This review identified seven distinct types of retail marketing interventions (involvement of retailers in marketing actions with the aim to engage consumers in sustainable consumption), 30 types of retail marketing mechanisms (consisting in marketing strategies, techniques, tools, and channels used by retailers), and 14 distinct types of consumer engagement in sustainable consumption patterns. The review suggests an agenda for further research and identifies practical implications for retail management.

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