scholarly journals Applying Noncontact Sensing Technology in the Customized Product Design of Smart Clothes Based on Anthropometry

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7978
Author(s):  
I-Jan Wang ◽  
Wei-Ting Chang ◽  
Wen-Hao Wu ◽  
Bor-Shyh Lin
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Dry Electrodes ◽  
Sensing Technology

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) provide important information for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. In clinical practice, the conventional Ag/AgCl electrode is generally used; however, it is not suitable for long-term ECG measurement because of the risk of allergic reactions on the skin and the dying issue of electrolytic gels. In previous studies, several dry electrodes have been proposed to address these issues. However, most dry electrodes, which are the mode of conductive materials, have to contact the skin well and are easily affected by motion artifacts in daily life. In the smart clothes developed in this study, a noncontact electrode was used to assess the biopotential across the clothes to prevent skin irritation and discomfort. Moreover, a three-dimensional parametric model based on anthropometric data was built, and the technique of customized product design was introduced into the smart clothes development process to reduce the influence of motion artifacts. The experimental results show that the proposed smart clothes can maintain a good ECG signal quality stably under motion from different activities.

scholarly journals The Recognition of Sweat Latent Fingerprints with Green-Emitting Carbon Dots

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Wenting Ma ◽  
Xincai Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Latent Fingerprints ◽  
Fingerprint Image ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Criminal Investigations ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The recognition of fingerprints has played an extremely important role in criminal investigations, due to its uniqueness. This paper reports on the recognition of sweat latent fingerprints using green-emitting, environment-friendly carbon dots prepared with DL-malic acid and ethylenediamine, and the exploration of impacting factors in the development process of fingerprints. The experiments showed that better fingerprint images could be obtained when the latent fingerprints are developed in green-emitting carbon dots with pH 9 for 30 min, at room temperature. The reported method was also effective for latent fingerprints on a variety of substrates, as well as for those water-immersed ones, where the developed fingerprint remained stable after long-term preservation. Furthermore, the fluorescent three-dimensional fingerprint image could provide direct and simple evidence on pressing habits. The objective of this paper was to present this method. The method may help to narrow the range of suspects during criminal investigations and in forensic science.

A comfortability and signal quality study of conductive weave electrodes in long-term collection of human electrocardiographs

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 2098-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueliang Xiao ◽  
Ke Dong ◽  
Chenhao Li ◽  
Guanzheng Wu ◽  
Hongtao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Textile Electrodes

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) recording can reveal some vital cardiovascular disorders and provide warning of human sudden cerebral or vascular diseases in advance. This requires high-quality ECG skin electrodes. Gel (Ag/AgCl) electrodes were reported to have good signal quality in ECG acquisition, but easily caused human skin irritation or allergy. Consequently, textile electrodes have attracted more attention for long-term ECG acquisition. In this paper, eight woven fabrics with diverse yarns and weft densities were fabricated in plain and honeycomb structures. The fabrics were investigated in terms of comfortability, fabric–skin contact impedance and acquired bio-signal quality. Honeycomb weave electrodes were measured with a high comfort level from subjective and objective views, including pleasant tactile comfort, high visual acceptance, good air permeability and good heat transfer. Weave electrodes made of all conductive filaments in high density had low skin contact impedance and high-quality ECG signals. An increase of compression load on weave electrodes resulted in a decrease of contact impedance with a high signal quality. A conductive honeycomb weave with unit repeat of 6*6 warps*wefts presented the highest score of acquired ECG signals of all studied electrodes based on the qualities of the QRS complex, P and T waves, R peak amplitude and variation and signal-to-noise ratio. This study contributes to the future design and fabrication of textile electrodes using honeycomb weave in long-term and real-time collection of human ECGs.

Soft Conductive Polymer Dry Electrodes for High-Quality and Comfortable ECG/EEG Measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hsuan Chen ◽  
Maaike Op de Beeck ◽  
Luc Vanderheyden ◽  
Kris Vanstreels ◽  
Herman Vandormael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Electrode Impedance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dry Electrode ◽  
User Comfort

Wet gel electrodes are widely used for ECG/EEG monitoring, their low impedance results in high-quality signals. But they have important drawbacks too, such as time-consuming electrode set-up for EEG followed by a painful removal, skin irritation by the gel and signal degradation due to gel drying. Hence various dry electrode types are investigated, such as hard metal electrodes with low impedance but limited patient comfort/safety. We focus on flexible conductive polymer-based electrodes to combine low impedance, user comfort and safety. The composition of the conductive polymers is optimized to improve various properties such as conductivity, which directly affects signal quality and sensitivity to motion artifacts, and mechanical properties of the electrodes, important with respect to patient comfort. Electrode impedance and ECG/EEG signal recordings are evaluated using various polymer compositions and compared to wet gel electrode results. Additive optimization to improve processability of the conductive formulations is performed by dedicated flow studies, and will result in a high electrode fabrication yield. Very promising results are obtained regarding impedance, EEG/ECG signal quality and user comfort.

scholarly journals Infection Prevention Mask Consisting of Nanofiber Filter and Habutae Silk Fabrics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7391
Author(s):  
Masayo Suekawa ◽  
Yuya Hashizume ◽  
Shuichi Tanoue ◽  
Hideyuki Uematsu ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Allergic Symptoms ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Filter Layer

To reduce skin irritation and allergic symptoms caused by long-term mask use, we produced a mask with a filter effect by laminating nanofibers on habutae silk fabric, a specialty of Japan’s Fukui Prefecture, using the electrospinning method. We investigated the filter characteristics of silk fabrics with different weave structures (habutae, flat crepe, and twill). We found that woven fabrics alone could not sufficiently block particles finer than 1 μm, even when the fabric layers were overlapped. Therefore, we had a nanofiber filter layer fabricated on the surface of habutae fabric by the electrospinning method at a weight of 1 g/m2. The nanofibers removed more than 94% of 0.3 μm-particles, which are similar to the size of virus particles. However, the nanofiber layer was so dense that it caused an increase in pressure drop, so we made the nanofiber layer thinner and fabricated the filter on the surface of the habutae fabric at 0.5 g/m2. A three-dimensional mask consisting of two woven fabrics, one with a nanofiber layer on the inside and the other with a normal woven fabric without a nanofiber layer on the outside, was fabricated and tested on 95 subjects. The subjects reported that the nanofiber habutae masks were more comfortable than nonwoven masks. Moreover, the silk woven masks did not cause allergic symptoms such as skin irritation.

scholarly journals Fully organic compliant dry electrodes self-adhesive to skin for long-term motion-robust epidermal biopotential monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Kirthika Senthil Kumar ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Catherine Jiayi Cai ◽  
Xu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Deep Tendon Reflex ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Dry Electrodes ◽  
Tendon Reflex ◽  
Dry Electrode

Abstract Wearable dry electrodes are needed for long-term biopotential recordings but are limited by their imperfect compliance with the skin, especially during body movements and sweat secretions, resulting in high interfacial impedance and motion artifacts. Herein, we report an intrinsically conductive polymer dry electrode with excellent self-adhesiveness, stretchability, and conductivity. It shows much lower skin-contact impedance and noise in static and dynamic measurement than the current dry electrodes and standard gel electrodes, enabling to acquire high-quality electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in various conditions such as dry and wet skin and during body movement. Hence, this dry electrode can be used for long-term healthcare monitoring in complex daily conditions. We further investigated the capabilities of this electrode in a clinical setting and realized its ability to detect the arrhythmia features of atrial fibrillation accurately, and quantify muscle activity during deep tendon reflex testing and contraction against resistance.

scholarly journals Clinical Applicability of a Textile 1-Lead ECG Device for Overnight Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Fontana ◽  
Neusa R. Adão Martins ◽  
Martin Camenzind ◽  
René M. Rossi ◽  
Florent Baty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Term Monitoring

Even for 1-lead electrocardiography (ECG), single-use gel conductive electrodes are employed in a clinical setting. However, gel electrodes show limited applicability for long-term monitoring due to skin irritation and detachment. In the present study, we investigated the validity of a textile ECG-belt suitable for long-term measurements in clinical use. In order to assess the signal quality and validity of the ECG-belt during sleep, 242 patients (186 males and 56 females, age 52 (interquartile range 42–60) years, body mass index 29 (interquartile range 26–33) kg·m−2) with suspected sleep apnoea underwent overnight polysomnography including standard 1-lead ECG recording. The single intervals between R-peaks (RR-intervals) were calculated from the ECG-signals. We found a mean difference for average RR-intervals of −2.9 ms, a standard error of estimate of 0.39%, as well as a Pearson r of 0.91. Furthermore, we found that the validity of the ECG-belt decreases when lying on the side, which was potentially due to the fitting of the belt. In conclusion, the validity of RR-interval measurements using the ECG-belt is high and it may be further improved for future applications by optimizing wear fitting.

scholarly journals Wearable Smart Textiles for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring—A Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4174
Author(s):  
Abreha Bayrau Nigusse ◽  
Desalegn Alemu Mengistie ◽  
Benny Malengier ◽  
Granch Berhe Tseghai ◽  
Lieva Van Langenhove
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Textile Electrodes

The continuous and long-term measurement and monitoring of physiological signals such as electrocardiography (ECG) are very important for the early detection and treatment of heart disorders at an early stage prior to a serious condition occurring. The increasing demand for the continuous monitoring of the ECG signal needs the rapid development of wearable electronic technology. During wearable ECG monitoring, the electrodes are the main components that affect the signal quality and comfort of the user. This review assesses the application of textile electrodes for ECG monitoring from the fundamentals to the latest developments and prospects for their future fate. The fabrication techniques of textile electrodes and their performance in terms of skin–electrode contact impedance, motion artifacts and signal quality are also reviewed and discussed. Textile electrodes can be fabricated by integrating thin metal fiber during the manufacturing stage of textile products or by coating textiles with conductive materials like metal inks, carbon materials, or conductive polymers. The review also discusses how textile electrodes for ECG function via direct skin contact or via a non-contact capacitive coupling. Finally, the current intensive and promising research towards finding textile-based ECG electrodes with better comfort and signal quality in the fields of textile, material, medical and electrical engineering are presented as a perspective.

Practical electron tomography

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
C.L. Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Shape ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Shape Of Particles

Despite the potential of the technique, electron tomography has yet to be widely used by biologists. This is in part related to the rather daunting list of equipment and expertise that are required. Thanks to continuing advances in theory and instrumentation, tomography is now more feasible for the non-specialist. One barrier that has essentially disappeared is the expense of computational resources. In view of this progress, it is time to give more attention to practical issues that need to be considered when embarking on a tomographic project. The following recommendations and comments are derived from experience gained during two long-term collaborative projects.Tomographic reconstruction results in a three dimensional description of an individual EM specimen, most commonly a section, and is therefore applicable to problems in which ultrastructural details within the thickness of the specimen are obscured in single micrographs. Information that can be recovered using tomography includes the 3D shape of particles, and the arrangement and dispostion of overlapping fibrous and membranous structures.

Custom Presurgical Planning for Midfacial Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 696-702
Author(s):  
Nolan B. Seim ◽  
Enver Ozer ◽  
Sasha Valentin ◽  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
Mead VanPutten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Free Tissue Transfer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Presurgical Planning ◽  
Dental Rehabilitation ◽  
Midface Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstructive Algorithm

AbstractResection and reconstruction of midface involve complex ablative and reconstructive tools in head and oncology and maxillofacial prosthodontics. This region is extraordinarily important for long-term aesthetic and functional performance. From a reconstructive standpoint, this region has always been known to present challenges to a reconstructive surgeon due to the complex three-dimensional anatomy, the variable defects created, combination of the medical and dental functionalities, and the distance from reliable donor vessels for free tissue transfer. Another challenge one faces is the unique features of each individual resection defect as well as individual patient factors making each preoperative planning session and reconstruction unique. Understanding the long-term effects on speech, swallowing, and vision, one should routinely utilize a multidisciplinary approach to resection and reconstruction, including head and neck reconstructive surgeons, prosthodontists, speech language pathologists, oculoplastic surgeons, dentists, and/or craniofacial teams as indicated and with each practice pattern. With this in mind, we present our planning and reconstructive algorithm in midface reconstruction, including a dedicated focus on dental rehabilitation via custom presurgical planning.

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