scholarly journals Infection Prevention Mask Consisting of Nanofiber Filter and Habutae Silk Fabrics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7391
Author(s):  
Masayo Suekawa ◽  
Yuya Hashizume ◽  
Shuichi Tanoue ◽  
Hideyuki Uematsu ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Allergic Symptoms ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Filter Layer

To reduce skin irritation and allergic symptoms caused by long-term mask use, we produced a mask with a filter effect by laminating nanofibers on habutae silk fabric, a specialty of Japan’s Fukui Prefecture, using the electrospinning method. We investigated the filter characteristics of silk fabrics with different weave structures (habutae, flat crepe, and twill). We found that woven fabrics alone could not sufficiently block particles finer than 1 μm, even when the fabric layers were overlapped. Therefore, we had a nanofiber filter layer fabricated on the surface of habutae fabric by the electrospinning method at a weight of 1 g/m2. The nanofibers removed more than 94% of 0.3 μm-particles, which are similar to the size of virus particles. However, the nanofiber layer was so dense that it caused an increase in pressure drop, so we made the nanofiber layer thinner and fabricated the filter on the surface of the habutae fabric at 0.5 g/m2. A three-dimensional mask consisting of two woven fabrics, one with a nanofiber layer on the inside and the other with a normal woven fabric without a nanofiber layer on the outside, was fabricated and tested on 95 subjects. The subjects reported that the nanofiber habutae masks were more comfortable than nonwoven masks. Moreover, the silk woven masks did not cause allergic symptoms such as skin irritation.

Development and characterization of three-dimensional woven fabric for ultra violet protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-547
Author(s):  
Adeela Nasreen ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Khubab Shaker ◽  
Syed Talha Ali Hamdani ◽  
Yasir Nawab
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection Factor ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of materials, three dimensional (3D) structure and number of fabric layers on ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), air permeability and thickness of fabrics. Design/methodology/approach Total 24 fabrics samples were developed using two 3D structures and two weft materials. In warp direction cotton (CT) yarn and in weft direction polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) were used. Air permeability, thickness and UPF testings were performed and relationship among fabric layers, air permeability, thickness and UPF was developed. Findings UPF and thickness of fabrics increases with number of fabric layers, whereas air permeability decreases with the increase in number of fabric layers. Furthermore, change of multilayer structure from angle interlock to orthogonal interlock having same base weave does not give significant effect on UPF. However, change of material from polyester (PET) to polypropylene (PP) has a dominant effect on UPF. Minimum of three layers of cotton/polyester fabric, without any aid of ultraviolet radiation (UV) resistant coating, are required to achieve good. Cotton/polyester fabrics are more appropriate for outdoor application due to their long-term resistance with sunlight exposure. Originality/value Long-term exposure to UV is detrimental. So, there is need of proper selection of material and fabric to achieve ultraviolet protection. 3D fabrics have yarns in X, Y as well as in Z directions which provide better ultraviolet protection as compared to two dimensional (2D) fabrics. In literature, mostly work was done on ultraviolet protection of 2D fabrics and surface coating of fabrics. There is limited work found on UPF of 3D woven fabrics.

Prediction of Permeability Tensor for Plain Woven Fabric by Using Control Volume Finite Element Method

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Song ◽  
K. Chung ◽  
T. J. Kang ◽  
J. R. Youn
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Permeability Tensor ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Stacking Order ◽  
Control Volume Finite Element ◽  
Element Method

The complete prediction of the second order permeability tensor for a three dimensional multi-axial preform is critical if we are to model and design the manufacturing process for composites by considering resin flow through a multi-axial fiber structure. In this study, the in-plane and transverse permeabilities for a woven fabric were predicted numerically by the coupled flow model, which combines microscopic and macroscopic flows. The microscopic and macroscopic flows were calculated by using 3-D CVFEM(control volume finite element method) for micro and macro unit cells. To avoid a checkerboard pressure field and improve the efficiency of numerical computation, a new interpolation function for velocity is proposed on the basis of analytical solutions. The permeability of a plain woven fabric was measured by means of an unidirectional flow experiment and compared with the permeability calculated numerically. Reverse and simple stacking of plain woven fabrics were taken into account and the relationship between the permeability and the structures of the preform such as the fiber volume fraction and stacking order is identified. Unlike other studies, the current study was based on a more realistic three dimensional unit cell. It was observed that in-plane flow is more dominant than transverse flow within the woven perform, and the effect of the stacking order of a multi-layered preform was negligible.

The effects of the structural parameters of three-dimensional warp interlock woven fabrics with silver-based hybrid yarns on electromagnetic shielding behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1354-1371
Author(s):  
Marzieh Javadi Toghchi ◽  
Carmen Loghin ◽  
Irina Cristian ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
Pascal Bruniaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Multifilament Yarns

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of a set of five variants of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics containing silver multifilament yarns arranged in a 3D orthogonal grid. The EMSE enlargement as a factor of increasing the quantity of the conductive material per unit area was investigated. The quantity of the conductive material per unit area in a 3D woven fabric can be enlarged by increasing either the yarn undulation or the number of conductive yarn systems, while the yarn density and yarn fineness are fixed. Thus, the binding depth of the conductive warp was gradually increased for the first four variants in order to increase the yarn undulation. Alternatively, the conductive weft system was doubled for the last variant with the aim of increasing the quantity of the conductive component. It should be noted that changing the weave structure requires less effort and energy while keeping the same threading of warps in the reed compared to altering the warp density. The EMSE was measured in an anechoic chamber and the shielding was satisfactory for all the variants in the frequency range of 1–6 GHz (19–44 dB). The results revealed that increasing only 7% of the waviness degree of the conductive warps led to 17% EMSE improvement due to increasing of the conductive yarns through the thickness of the variants. Moreover, no upward EMSE was detected for the last variant, despite the fact that the conductive weft system was doubled.

scholarly journals New indicators on fabric drape evaluation based on three-dimensional model

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1291-1300
Author(s):  
Zhicai Yu ◽  
Yueqi Zhong ◽  
R. Hugh Gong ◽  
Haoyang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Angle Distribution ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Fabric Drape ◽  
Fabric Weight ◽  
The Relationship

To evaluate the ability of woven fabrics to drape in a more accurate way, a three-dimensional point cloud of a draped woven fabric was captured via an in-house drape-scanner. A new indicator, total drape angle (TDA), was proposed based on the three-dimensional fabric drape to characterize the ability of a woven fabric to drape. The relationship between TDA and the drape coefficient (DC) was analyzed to validate the performance of TDA. The result indicated that TDA is more stable and representative than the traditional DC in characterizing the ability of a woven fabric to drape. In addition, the drape angle distribution function (DADF) of the triangular mesh was employed to describe fabric drape, as well as to bridge the gap between drape configuration and the warp bending rigidity of woven fabric. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between the real warp bending rigidity value and what was predicted warp based on DADF and fabric weight was 0.952.

A comfortability and signal quality study of conductive weave electrodes in long-term collection of human electrocardiographs

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 2098-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueliang Xiao ◽  
Ke Dong ◽  
Chenhao Li ◽  
Guanzheng Wu ◽  
Hongtao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Contact Impedance ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Textile Electrodes

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) recording can reveal some vital cardiovascular disorders and provide warning of human sudden cerebral or vascular diseases in advance. This requires high-quality ECG skin electrodes. Gel (Ag/AgCl) electrodes were reported to have good signal quality in ECG acquisition, but easily caused human skin irritation or allergy. Consequently, textile electrodes have attracted more attention for long-term ECG acquisition. In this paper, eight woven fabrics with diverse yarns and weft densities were fabricated in plain and honeycomb structures. The fabrics were investigated in terms of comfortability, fabric–skin contact impedance and acquired bio-signal quality. Honeycomb weave electrodes were measured with a high comfort level from subjective and objective views, including pleasant tactile comfort, high visual acceptance, good air permeability and good heat transfer. Weave electrodes made of all conductive filaments in high density had low skin contact impedance and high-quality ECG signals. An increase of compression load on weave electrodes resulted in a decrease of contact impedance with a high signal quality. A conductive honeycomb weave with unit repeat of 6*6 warps*wefts presented the highest score of acquired ECG signals of all studied electrodes based on the qualities of the QRS complex, P and T waves, R peak amplitude and variation and signal-to-noise ratio. This study contributes to the future design and fabrication of textile electrodes using honeycomb weave in long-term and real-time collection of human ECGs.

Structural Optimization of Woven Fabric with Curved Surface

2012 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Yan Fang Wang ◽  
Xing Feng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Curved Surfaces

The woven fabric with curved surfaces is a kind of single layer woven fabrics, which was produced to smoothly fit three-dimensional solids. The warp or weft of the winding fabric bend were normally made with different lengths, which may result in shear deformation in many cases and accordingly twisting the structure of the fabric after fitted onto the solid. In order to solve the problem mentioned above, a theoretical formula was used to calculate the optimal intervals of the pick-spacing and an improved structure thus was developed in this study.

scholarly journals Design and Electromagnetic Properties of a Conformal Ultra Wideband Antenna Integrated in Three-Dimensional Woven Fabrics

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Kuang ◽  
Lan Yao ◽  
Sheng-Hai Yu ◽  
Shuo Tan ◽  
Xiu-Jun Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
High Data

Wearable antennas play an important role in transmitting signals wirelessly in body-worn systems, helping body-worn applications to achieve real-time monitoring and improving the working efficiency as well as the life quality of the users. Over conventional antenna types, ultra wideband (UWB) antennas have advantages of very large operating bandwidth, low power consumption, and high data transmission speed, therefore, they become of great interest for body-worn applications. One of the strategies for making the antenna comfortable to wear is replacing the conventional rigid printed circuit board with textile materials in the manufacturing process. In this study, a novel three-dimensional woven fabric integrated UWB antenna was proposed and fabricated with pure textile materials. The antenna electromagnetic properties were simulated and measured and its properties under bending were investigated. The antenna operated in a wide bandwidth from 2.7 to 13 GHz with the proper radiation pattern and gain value. At the same time, the antenna performance under bending varied in a reasonable range indicating that the antenna is prospectively applied on the curved surfaces of the human body. Additionally, the current distribution of the antenna showed that different conductive parts had different current densities indicating the uniqueness of the three-dimensional textile-based antenna.

scholarly journals Applying Noncontact Sensing Technology in the Customized Product Design of Smart Clothes Based on Anthropometry

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7978
Author(s):  
I-Jan Wang ◽  
Wei-Ting Chang ◽  
Wen-Hao Wu ◽  
Bor-Shyh Lin
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Dry Electrodes ◽  
Sensing Technology

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) provide important information for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. In clinical practice, the conventional Ag/AgCl electrode is generally used; however, it is not suitable for long-term ECG measurement because of the risk of allergic reactions on the skin and the dying issue of electrolytic gels. In previous studies, several dry electrodes have been proposed to address these issues. However, most dry electrodes, which are the mode of conductive materials, have to contact the skin well and are easily affected by motion artifacts in daily life. In the smart clothes developed in this study, a noncontact electrode was used to assess the biopotential across the clothes to prevent skin irritation and discomfort. Moreover, a three-dimensional parametric model based on anthropometric data was built, and the technique of customized product design was introduced into the smart clothes development process to reduce the influence of motion artifacts. The experimental results show that the proposed smart clothes can maintain a good ECG signal quality stably under motion from different activities.

Thermal analysis of conventional and performance plain woven fabrics by finite element method

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Owais Raza Siddiqui ◽  
Danmei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Thermal Anisotropy ◽  
Element Method

The research reports the development of geometrical models of woven fabric structures and evaluation of fabric thermal properties by using finite element method. A mesoscopic scale modelling approach was used to investigate the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of woven textile structures. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and experimental methods, have been adopted to obtain the actual three-dimensional parameters of the fabrics for finite element analysis. The research revealed that the thermal anisotropy of fibres, fibres material orientation and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of fibre has a significant impact on the effective thermal conductivity of fabrics because experimental and simulated results were highly correlated with the consideration of above-mentioned factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document