scholarly journals Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8361
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Kropachev ◽  
Sergey V. Podrezov ◽  
Alexander V. Aleksakhin ◽  
Andrey A. Gudilin ◽  
Olga A. Kondratyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Transformation ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
Elemental Fluorine ◽  
Sensor Material ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Master Alloys

Rare earth metals (REM) with magnetic properties find application in the recently developed high-tech industries. Sensor magnetic systems based on neodymium are increasingly in demand in modern engineering and geological surveys due to their favorable combination of properties of magnetic materials based on rare earth metals. One of the problems is to obtain high-quality materials for the production of such magnetic sensors. It should be noted that the high activity of REM does not allow obtaining master alloys and REM-based alloys from metallic materials; it is advisable to use halide compounds. This work discusses a method for producing neodymium fluoride from its oxide. REM fluorides can be obtained by fluorinating the oxides of these metals. Various fluorine-containing compounds or elemental fluorine are usually used as fluorinating reagents, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The thermodynamic and technological analysis of neodymium fluoride production processes has shown the most acceptable fluorinating agent is ammonium hydrofluoride, which was used in this work. In order to increase the productivity and degree of chemical transformation, it was proposed to perform heating stepwise; i.e., at the initial stage, heat at a speed of 3 degrees per minute, after which the heating speed was reduced to 2 degrees per minute, and finally the speed was reduced to 1 degree per minute. Due to proposed heating mode, the same productivity and yield of chemical transformation were achieved, with an increased efficiency up to 30%, which can significantly reduce the cost of production. The obtained product is used in the production of neodymium-based alloys by metallothermic reduction of a mixture of fluorides. The sensor material obtained in this way is characterized by a low (less than 0.05%) oxygen content.

scholarly journals FORMING NEW RARE EARTH RESOURCES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic

The paper makes retrospective analysis of discovering and identifying rare earth metals. Their potential is stillbeing opened by scientific and technological progress. Moreover, this type of raw material is used for production of new high-tech products. As a result, demand appearedstimulates supply. In turn, greater supply stimulates developing and involving new type of rare earths sources.

scholarly journals Rare Earth Industry – How to Take Advantage of Opportunities

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
V.A. Kryukov ◽  
V.A. Yatsenko ◽  
Ya.V. Kryukov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Economic Situation

The article analyzes the features of the formation and development of the industry associated with the extraction and processing of rare earth metals (REM). REM are widely used in modern high-tech devices and products. A distinctive feature of REMs is the integration of their extraction and production into global chains. At present, China has a dominant position in the REM supply market. This situation is a consequence of state policy, which includes a wide range of support and lobbying measures. Russia has one of the largest potential for the extraction and production of rare earth metals, but this potential is not being properly realized. The volume of extraction and production is small, and a significant part of the production is exported. Russia is forced to import many types of highly purified rare earth metals. Authors believe that the current economic situation – a change in the configuration of global REM value chains – creates a unique chance for Russia to bring potential opportunities in line with its real situation.

scholarly journals Study of the Processes of Rare and Rare-Earth Metal Extraction from Ash and Slag Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Tatiana Cherkasova ◽  
Elizaveta Cherkasova ◽  
Anastasia Tikhomirova ◽  
Andrey Golovachev ◽  
Oleg Dormeshkin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Ash And Slag Waste ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Slag Waste

The problem of disposal of ash and slag waste in Russia and in the world is very urgent. Ash dumps occupy vast areas, damaging the ecosystem. At the same time, these wastes are independent deposits of rare and rare-earth metals, which are necessary for the production of modern high-tech devices. The efficiency of flotation and chemical methods of concentration of materials in order to extract valuable components are evaluated in the paper. The composition of the initial ash and slag samples and the resulting products of their processing were analyzed using IR spectroscopic and optical emission methods.

scholarly journals Metallothermic Al-Sc Co-Reduction by Vacuum Induction Melting Using Ca

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Brinkmann ◽  
Carolin Mazurek ◽  
Bernd Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
In Situ Extraction ◽  
Master Alloys

Due to its enhancing properties in high-tech material applications, the rare earth element Scandium (Sc) is continuously gaining interest from researchers and material developers. The aim of this research is to establish an energy and resource efficient process scheme for an in situ extraction of Al-Sc master alloys, which offers usable products for the metallurgical industry. An AlSc20 alloy is targeted with an oxyfluoridic slag as a usable by-product. The thermochemical baseline is presented by modelling using the software tool FactSage; the experimental metal extraction is conducted in a vacuum induction furnace with various parameters, whereas kinetic aspects are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The Sc-containing products are analyzed by ICP-OES/IC concerning their chemical composition. Optimum parameters are derived from a statistical evaluation of the Sc content in the obtained slag phase. The material obtained was high in Ta due to the crucible material and remarkably low in Al and F; a comparison between the modelled and the obtained phases indicates kinetic effects inhibiting the accomplishment of equilibrium conditions. The formation of a Sc-rich Al-Sc phase (32.5 wt.-% Sc) is detected by SEM-EDS analysis of the metal phase. An in situ extraction of Al from Ca with subsequent metallothermic reduction of ScF 3 as a process controlling mechanism is presumed.

scholarly journals Study of the Solubility of Sediments of Certain Lantanoids in Carbonate Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
R. Kashurin ◽  
◽  
S. Gerasev ◽  
A. Suslov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metal ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dissolution Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Extraction Degree ◽  
Red Sludge

The study examines the dissolution process for the precipitates of the rare-earth carbonates and phosphates with a change in the concentration parameters of the system. The objective of the study is to determine the nature of the dissolution process at variable composition of the studied solutions. As a result of the theoretical base analysis, the qualitative and quantitative content of rare-earth metals in red sludge and phosphogypsum is presented, which governs the interest in this problem under consideration. The available techniques for extraction of rare-earth metals from red sludge and phosphogypsum have also been considered, their advantages and disadvantages are presented. A promising carbonate-alkali method for the extraction of rare-earth metals has been considered. Thermodynamic parameters of the system have been calculated to determine the possibility of the process. During the experiment the factors affecting the dissolution process have been examined: the carbonate ion concentration, the nature of the solvent cation and rare-earth metal cation. Carbonates and phosphates of europium, holmium, and neodymium have been considered as the analyzed components. Carbonates and phosphates of neodymium, europium, and holmium have been dissolved in model solutions of K2CO3 with the concentrations of 0.2–4.5 mol/L until reaching equilibrium. The obtained results show the dependence of solubility of the precipitates of rare-earth metals on the solvent nature and concentration. The explored data are presented as solubility isotherms. On the basis of experimental data the values of the extraction degree of a rare-earth metal into the solution have been calculated. For neodymium, europium, and holmium carbonates, the maximum recovery degree αmax is 72.8 %, 81.2 %, 83.0 %, respectively. During the experiment with dissolution of lanthanide phosphates, the following results have been obtained: the maximal degree of neodymium extraction is 60.59%, while for europium it equals 51.66 % and 93.01 % for holmium

Basic Stages of Magnet Production by Fluoride Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1085 ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Bujnovskij ◽  
Vladimir L. Sofronov ◽  
Victor Sachkov ◽  
Alexandra V. Anufrieva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Elemental Fluorine ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Furnace Reduction

This paper presents the results of development of ecological low-waste “dry” fluoride technology of magnetic material production on the basis of rare-earth metals of the Nd-Fe-B-system. The physicochemical fundamentals are stated and the basic stages of the proposed technology are experimentally examined: the fluorination of raw material with elemental fluorine, the production of compact ingot alloys and addition alloys by the calcium-thermal out-of-furnace reduction of fluorides, the production of magnets with the help of the powder metallurgy method using mechanical or hydride grinding, as well as waste processing.

scholarly journals Substantiation of mechanism of prevailing governmental participation in development of highly liquid mineral resources in the Arctic

2017 ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
N.P. Pokhilenko ◽  
◽  
A.V. Tolstov ◽  
V.P. Afanasiev ◽  
N.Y. Samsonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Tech

For a scientific discussion the authors present proposals on the formation in Russia of a new form of effective mineral resource base development of the strategic solid mineral resources in the Arctic zone of Siberia and the Far East. The mechanism is based on the prevailing govenmental participation in projects of development and exploitation of highly liquid metals (rare earth elements, Tomtor ore cluster in Yakutia) and minerals (diamond abrasive materials, Rock Popigai meteorite crater deposit in Krasnoyarsk region) in the Siberian Arctic, carried out under conditions of high risk. Shown, that due to the unique parameters of both rare earth and diamond ores flow of hi-tech products and semi-products is formed. With the extension of the technological and value chain - delivery to the domestic and the global markets of highly liquid products (oxides of rare earth metals and high-purity metals, technical super abrasive diamond powders and products for the treatment of materials). Thus, a cluster for the production of final products based on rare-earth metals and super abrasive rough diamonds with high added value can be created. Milestones and additional exploration operations, preparations for the operation and development of deposits are carried out by the State Corporation for Mineral Resources with the joint participation, investment, technological cooperation of private companies and research organizations. The Corporation could be considered as a platform for international cooperation and foreign investment in technological chains of a presented mega-project of development of two closely located deposits. Introduced organizational and economic mechanism allows to: a) carry out public administration of complex resource projects in the Arctic and to develop them to an economically efficient level with a gradual sale of business projects to the private sector; b) to initiate and stimulate long-term scientific and technological development in conditions of high risk; c) to form a system of preferences for the development of Russian high-tech exports; d) ensure Russia’s economic presence and increased geopolitical and geo-economic interests in the Arctic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document