Sandwich Integration Technique for the Pressure Sensor Detection of Occlusal Force In Vitro

Bite force measurement is an important parameter when checking the function and integrity of the masticatory system, whereas it is currently very difficult to measure bite force during functional movement. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the potential technique and device for the measurement and intervention of the continuous bite forces on functional and dynamic occlusal condition. A portable biosensor by sandwich technique was designed, and the validity, reliability, and sensitivity were determined by mechanical pressure loading tests; meanwhile, the pressure signal is acquired by, and transmitted to, voltage changes by the electrical measurements of the sensors. The result is that, when the mechanical stress detection device is thicker than 3.5 mm, it shows relatively ideal mechanical properties; however, when the thickness is less than 3.0 mm, there is a risk of cracking. Mechanical stress changing and voltage variation had a regularity and positive relationship in this study. The mechanical stress-measuring device made by medical and industrial cross has a good application prospect for the measurement of bite force during function.

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Bite Force and Influential Factors on Bite Force Measurements: A Literature Review

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697833 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 04 (02) ◽

pp. 223-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

Duygu Koc ◽

Arife Dogan ◽

Bulent Bek

Keyword(s):

Force Measurement ◽

Bite Force ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Force Measurements ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Jaw Biomechanics ◽

Masticatory System

Maximum voluntary bite force is an indicator of the functional state of the masticatory system and the level of maximum bite force results from the combined action of the jaw elevator muscles modified by jaw biomechanics and reflex mechanisms. The measurement of bite force can provide useful data for the evaluation of jaw muscle function and activity. It is also an adjunctive value in assessing the performance of dentures. Technological advances in signal detection and processing have improved the quality of the information extracted from bite force measurements. However, these measurements are difficult and the reliability of the result depends on a number of factors, such as presence of pain and temporomandibular disorders, gender, age, cranio-facial morphology, and occlusal factors. In addition to these physiological factors, recording devices and techniques are important factors in bite force measurement. Therefore, one should be careful when comparing the bite force values reported in the research. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:223-232)

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Bite Force Transducers and Measurement Devices

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.665081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Yingzhi Gu ◽

Yuxing Bai ◽

Xianju Xie

Keyword(s):

Force Measurement ◽

Bite Force ◽

Effect Evaluation ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Occlusal Force ◽

Occlusal Contact ◽

Pressure Sensitive ◽

Force Transducers ◽

Measurement Devices ◽

Masticatory System

In dental research, bite force has become an important curative effect evaluation index for tooth restoration, periodontal treatment, and orthodontic treatment. Bite force is an important parameter to evaluate the efficacy of the masticatory system. Physicians obtain the therapeutic basis for occlusal adjustment by measuring the bite force and the dynamic changes in occlusal contact at different stages of treatment and objectively evaluate the therapeutic effect. At present, many devices are used to record the bite force. Most of these devices use force transducers to detect bite force, such as strain gauge transducers, piezoresistive transducers, piezoelectric transducers, optical fiber transducers, and pressure-sensitive films. This article summarizes the various equipment used to record bite force, related materials and the characteristics of this equipment. It provides a reference for physicians to make choices during the clinical process and at the same time provides a basis for the development of new occlusal force measurement materials.

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Exosomal Vimentin from Adipocyte Progenitors Protects Fibroblasts against Osmotic Stress and Inhibits Apoptosis to Enhance Wound Healing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4678

Author(s):

Sepideh Parvanian ◽

Hualian Zha ◽

Dandan Su ◽

Lifang Xi ◽

Yaming Jiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Osmotic Stress ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Impaired Wound Healing ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Adipocyte Progenitors ◽

Osmotic Balance ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Mechanical stress following injury regulates the quality and speed of wound healing. Improper mechanotransduction can lead to impaired wound healing and scar formation. Vimentin intermediate filaments control fibroblasts’ response to mechanical stress and lack of vimentin makes cells significantly vulnerable to environmental stress. We previously reported the involvement of exosomal vimentin in mediating wound healing. Here we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the effect of wide-type and vimentin knockout exosomes in accelerating wound healing under osmotic stress condition. Our results showed that osmotic stress increases the size and enhances the release of exosomes. Furthermore, our findings revealed that exosomal vimentin enhances wound healing by protecting fibroblasts against osmotic stress and inhibiting stress-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that exosomes could be considered either as a stress modifier to restore the osmotic balance or as a conveyer of stress to induce osmotic stress-driven conditions.

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Mechanical stress and osteogenesis in vitro

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ◽

10.1002/jbmr.5650071406 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (S2) ◽

pp. S397-S401 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Elisabeth H. Burger ◽

Jenneke Klein-Nulend ◽

J. Paul Veldhuijzen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stress ◽

Osteogenesis In Vitro

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Orthodontic Aligner Incorporating Eucommia ulmoides Exerts Low Continuous Force: In Vitro Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13184085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4085

Author(s):

Sayuri Inoue ◽

Satoshi Yamaguchi ◽

Hiroshi Uyama ◽

Takashi Yamashiro ◽

Satoshi Imazato

Keyword(s):

Water Immersion ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Measuring Device ◽

Orthodontic Force ◽

Custom Made ◽

Titanium Wire

The aim of this study was to investigate the orthodontic force exerted by thermoplastic orthodontic appliances incorporating Eucommiaulmoides in terms of usefulness as the aligner-type orthodontic device. Erkodur, Essix C+®, Eucommia elastomer, and edgewise brackets were used (n = 3, each; thickness = 1.0 mm, each). The orthodontic force on the upper right incisor was measured every 24 h for two weeks using a custom-made measuring device. The force of the Eucommia elastomer (4.25 ± 0.274 N) and multi bracket system (5.32 ± 0.338 N) did not change from the beginning to the end (p > 0.01). The orthodontic force exerted by the Eucommia elastomer was lower than that of the multi-bracket orthodontic appliance from the beginning to the end. The force of Erkodur significantly decreased from the beginning to 24 h (6.47 ± 1.40 N) and 48 h (3.30 ± 0.536 N) (p < 0.01). The force of Essix C+® significantly decreased from the beginning (13.2 ± 0.845 N) to 24 h (8.77 ± 0.231 N) (p < 0.01). The thermoplastic orthodontic appliance made of Eucommia elastomer continuously exerted a constant orthodontic force for two weeks under water immersion conditions. The orthodontic force of Eucommia elastomer was found to be similar to the orthodontic force exerted by the multi-bracket orthodontic appliance with 0.019 × 0.025 in nickel–titanium wire. These results suggest that the Eucommia elastomer has possibly become one of the more useful materials to form thermoplastic orthodontic appliance exerting low continues orthodontic force.

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In vitro mechanical stress

Cell ◽

10.1016/0092-8674(89)90708-3 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. v

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stress

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Estimation of nitric oxide generation by endothelial cells EA.hy926 under flow-induced mechanical stress in a microfluidic system

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez» ◽

10.25557/2310-0435.2020.04.71-77 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

А.А. Московцев ◽

А.Н. Мыльникова ◽

Д.В. Колесов ◽

А.А. Микрюкова ◽

Д.М. Зайченко ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Mechanical Stress ◽

Microfluidic System ◽

Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽

No Production ◽

Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Vascular Walls

Эндотелиальные клетки, выстилающие стенки сосудов, преобразовывают деформацию собственных структур, вызванную током крови, в химические сигналы, одним из которых является важный регулятор просвета сосуда - оксид азота (NO). К настоящему моменту накоплен большой объём данных о клеточных механизмах активации продукции NO, однако сведений о динамике генерации оксида азота эндотелиальными клетками в зависимости от гидродинамических условий недостаточно. В этой связи разработка микрофлюидных систем in vitro, имитирующих кровеносное русло, и изучение в них эндотелия в сложных гидродинамических условиях является актуальной задачей. В данной работе для создания контролируемых гидродинамических условий для монослоя эндотелиоцитоподобных клеток EA.hy926 была спроектирована и разработана микрофлюидная система, имитирующая линейные участки микрососудистого русла. Методом непрямого определения содержания оксида азота (II) NO с использованием флуоресцентного зонда 4,5-диаминофлуоресцеина DAF-2 впервые получены данные об увеличении продукции NO клетками EA.hy926 при механическом стрессе, создаваемом потоком ростовой среды. Представлены расчетные гидродинамические характеристики микрофлюидной системы, а также методика измерения продукции NO. Возможность исследования функциональной активности эндотелия позволяет использовать разработанную микрофлюидную модельную систему как для изучения клеточно-автономных регуляторных свойств эндотелия при действии ряда вазоактивных фармакологических препаратов и других методов воздействия на эндотелий, так и при моделируемой дисфункции эндотелия. Endothelial cells lining vascular walls transform the flow-induced deformation of their own structures into chemical signals, one of which, nitric oxide (NO), is an important regulator of the vascular lumen diameter. By present, a large amount of data on cellular mechanisms for activation of NO production has been accumulated. However, there is insufficient information on changes in endothelial NO generation under different hydrodynamic conditions. Therefore, development of microfluidic systems that model blood vessels in vitro and using them to study the endothelium under complex hydrodynamic conditions are relevant tasks. In this study, a microfluidic system was developed to create controlled hydrodynamic conditions for a monolayer of endotheliocyte-like cells EAhy.926. This system simulates linear sections of the microvasculature. By indirect measurement of NO (II) content with a fluorescent 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) probe, we showed an increase in the NO production by EAhy.926 cells under mechanical stress generated by the medium flow. The article presents the method for measuring NO production and the calculated hydrodynamic characteristics of the microfluidic system. The results showed that the developed microfluidic model system is promising for studying cell-autonomous regulatory properties of the endothelium both under the action of vasoactive agents and in simulated endothelial dysfunction.

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