scholarly journals Biochar Enhances Nitrous Oxide Reduction in Acidic but Not in Near-Neutral pH Soil

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pujol Pereira ◽  
Léchot ◽  
Feola Conz ◽  
da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Six
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Nosz Gene ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Reduction ◽  
N2o Fluxes

We quantified nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and total denitrification (N2O + N2) in an acidic (Ferralsol) and a near-neutral pH soil (Cambisol) to determine whether biochar’s alkalinization effect could be the mechanism inducing potential reductions in N2O fluxes. In Ferralsol, decreases in N2O emissions and in the N2O to N2O + N2 ratio were observed in both biochar and lime treatments. In Cambisol, neither biochar nor lime decreased N2O emissions, despite significantly increasing soil pH. The abundance and community structure of nosZ gene-bearing microorganisms indicated that gene abundances did not explain biochar effects, but a higher diversity of nosZ gene-bearing microorganisms correlated to lower total denitrification. Overall, our results suggest that biochar’s potential to decrease N2O emissions, through soil alkalinization, may be more effective in acidic soils.

scholarly journals Management of soil pH promotes nitrous oxide reduction and thus mitigates soil emissions of this greenhouse gas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hénault ◽  
Hocine Bourennane ◽  
Adeline Ayzac ◽  
Céline Ratié ◽  
Nicolas P. A. Saby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Reduction ◽  
Soil Emissions ◽  
Earth’S Climate

AbstractWhile concerns about human-induced effects on the Earth’s climate have mainly concentrated on carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), reducing anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) flux, mainly of agricultural origin, also represents an opportunity for substantial mitigation. To develop a solution that induces neither the transfer of nitrogen pollution nor decreases agricultural production, we specifically investigated the last step of the denitrification pathway, the N2O reduction path, in soils. We first observed that this path is mainly driven by soil pH and is progressively inhibited when pH is lower than 6.8. During field experiments, we observed that liming acidic soils to neutrality made N2O reduction more efficient and decreased soil N2O emissions. As we estimated acidic fertilized soils to represent 37% [27–50%] of French soils, we calculated that liming could potentially decrease France’s total N2O emissions by 15.7% [8.3–21.2%]. Nevertheless, due to the different possible other impacts of liming, we currently recommend that the deployment of this solution to mitigate N2O emission should be based on local studies that take into account agronomic, environmental and economic aspects.

Nitrous oxide emission from two acidic soils as affected by dolomite application

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shaaban ◽  
Qian Peng ◽  
Shan Lin ◽  
Yupeng Wu ◽  
Jinsong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Acidic Soils

The effect of dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) application on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission was examined in a laboratory study with soil from a rice paddy–rapeseed rotation (PR soil, pH 5.25) and from a rice paddy–fallow–flooded rotation soil (PF soil, pH 5.52). The soils were treated with 0, 0.5 (L) and 1.5 (H) g dolomite 100 g–1 soil. Results showed that N2O emissions were higher in control treatments (untreated dolomite) in both soils. Application of dolomite decreased N2O emissions significantly (P ≤ 0.001) as soil pH increased in both soils. The H treatment was more effective than the L treatment for the reduction of N2O emissions. The H treatment decreased the cumulative N2O emissions by up to 73.77% in PR soil and 64.07% in PF soil compared with the control. The application of dolomite also affected concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, ammonium and nitrate in soils, which related to N2O emission. The results suggest that dolomite not only counteracts soil acidification but also has the potential to mitigate N2O emissions in acidic soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar and Straw Application on Nitrous Oxide and Methane Emissions from Eutric Regosols with Different pH in Sichuan Basin: A Mesocosm Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Tite Ntacyabukura ◽  
Ernest Uwiringiyimana ◽  
Minghua Zhou ◽  
Bowen Zhang ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Buffer Effect ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

Adoption of crop residue amendments has been increasingly recommended as an effective management practice for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while enhancing soil fertility, thereby increasing crop production. However, the effect of biochar and straw on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions in soils of differing pH remains poorly understood. Three treatments (control (i.e., no amendment), maize straw, and biochar derived from maize straw) were therefore established separately in soils with different pH levels, classified as follows: acidic, neutral, and alkaline. N2O and CH4 were investigated using a static chamber–gas chromatography system during 57 days of a mesocosm study. The results showed that cumulative N2O emissions were significantly higher in acidic soils than in other experimental soils, with the values ranging from 7.48 to 11.3 kg N ha−1, while CH4 fluxes ranged from 0.060 to 0.089 kg C ha−1, with inconclusive results. However, a weak negative correlation was observed between log N2O and log NO3-N in acidic soil with either biochar or straw, while the same parameters with CH4 showed a moderate negative correlation, suggesting a likelihood that these amendments could mitigate GHGs as a result of the NO3-N increase in acidic soils. It is also possible, given the alkaline nature of the biochar, that incorporation had a significant buffer effect on soil acidity, effectively increasing soil pH by >0.5 pH units. Our findings suggest that for the rates of application for biochar and straw used in this study, the magnitude of reductions in the emissions of N2O and CH4 are dependent in part on initial soil pH.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability of nitrous oxide emissions in a mixed farming landscape of Denmark

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2989-3002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schelde ◽  
P. Cellier ◽  
T. Bertolini ◽  
T. Dalgaard ◽  
T. Weidinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Mixed Farming ◽  
N2o Fluxes

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural land are variable at the landscape scale due to variability in land use, management, soil type, and topography. A field experiment was carried out in a typical mixed farming landscape in Denmark, to investigate the main drivers of variations in N2O emissions, measured using static chambers. Measurements were made over a period of 20 months, and sampling was intensified during two weeks in spring 2009 when chambers were installed at ten locations or fields to cover different crops and topography and slurry was applied to three of the fields. N2O emissions during spring 2009 were relatively low, with maximum values below 20 ng N m−2 s−1. This applied to all land use types including winter grain crops, grasslands, meadows, and wetlands. Slurry application to wheat fields resulted in short-lived two-fold increases in emissions. The moderate N2O fluxes and their moderate response to slurry application were attributed to dry soil conditions due to the absence of rain during the four previous weeks. Cumulative annual emissions from two arable fields that were both fertilized with mineral fertilizer and manure were large (17 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 and 5.5 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1) during the previous year when soil water conditions were favourable for N2O production during the first month following fertilizer application. Our findings confirm the importance of weather conditions as well as nitrogen management on N2O fluxes.

Release of nitrous oxide (N2O) from denitrifying activated sludge caused by H2S-containing wastewater: quantification and application of a new mathematical model

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Schönharting ◽  
Ruxandra Rehner ◽  
Jörg W. Metzger ◽  
Karlheinz Krauth ◽  
Manfred Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Reduction ◽  
Denitrification Process

A new mathematical model is presented which describes the denitrification process by dynamic material balance equations. In this approach the kinetic rate expressions of the single denitrification steps and the observed strong inhibition of nitrate on nitrite and nitrous oxide reduction are based exclusively on fundamental enzyme kinetics. This allows a prediction of the denitrification process in a wide range of wastewater-relevant nitrate concentrations. The model was successfully applied to the description of the kinetic behavior of a standardized denitrifying activated sludge system. Furthermore the experimentally investigated influence of hydrogen sulfide was quantified by extending the model with a non-competitive inhibition mechanism involving all steps of the denitrification process. The inhibitory effect was related to the free membrane-permeable hydrogen sulfide concentration. This means that the extent of its inhibition depends additionally on the pH-value. Even very low hydrogen sulfide concentrations lead to a strong inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction and therefore to a high release of nitrous oxide from wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Links between Ammonia Oxidizer Community Structure, Abundance, and Nitrification Potential in Acidic Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 4618-4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiying Yao ◽  
Yangmei Gao ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Colin D. Campbell ◽  
James I. Prosser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Nitrification Potential ◽  
Potential Nitrification ◽  
Orchard Soils

ABSTRACTAmmonia oxidation is the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification and is performed by both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB). However, the environmental drivers controlling the abundance, composition, and activity of AOA and AOB communities are not well characterized, and the relative importance of these two groups in soil nitrification is still debated. Chinese tea orchard soils provide an excellent system for investigating the long-term effects of low pH and nitrogen fertilization strategies. AOA and AOB abundance and community composition were therefore investigated in tea soils and adjacent pine forest soils, using quantitative PCR (qPCR), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and sequence analysis of respective ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes. There was strong evidence that soil pH was an important factor controlling AOB but not AOA abundance, and the ratio of AOA to AOBamoAgene abundance increased with decreasing soil pH in the tea orchard soils. In contrast, T-RFLP analysis suggested that soil pH was a key explanatory variable for both AOA and AOB community structure, but a significant relationship between community abundance and nitrification potential was observed only for AOA. High potential nitrification rates indicated that nitrification was mainly driven by AOA in these acidic soils. Dominant AOAamoAsequences in the highly acidic tea soils were all placed within a specific clade, and one AOA genotype appears to be well adapted to growth in highly acidic soils. Specific AOA and AOB populations dominated in soils at particular pH values and N content, suggesting adaptation to specific niches.

scholarly journals Beyond denitrification: the role of microbial diversity in controlling nitrous oxide reduction and soil nitrous oxide emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shan ◽  
Robert A. Sanford ◽  
Joanne Chee‐Sanford ◽  
Sean Khan Ooi ◽  
Frank E. Löffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Reduction
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