scholarly journals Zoning of a Newly-Planted Vineyard: Spatial Variability of Physico-Chemical Soil Properties

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
María Fandiño ◽  
Benjamín J. Rey ◽  
Jorge Dafonte ◽  
Javier J. Cancela
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Two Sectors

Soil properties show a high spatio-temporal variability, affecting productivity and crop quality within a given field. In new vineyard plantations, with changes in the initial topographic profile, this variability is exacerbated due to the incorporation of soil from different origins and qualities. The aim of the current study was to characterize the variability of soil properties in a newly established vineyard, and delineating zones for site-specific management of fertilization. For this purpose, the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) in the first 150 cm was measured with an electromagnetic induction sensor. A soil sampling was performed following a regular grid (35 × 35 m, 149 samples), collecting samples down to 40 cm depth for determining soil chemical properties. Spatial variability was assessed through semivariogram calculation and ordinary kriging. The soil properties that better represent the variability in this newly established vineyard were pH, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), carbon content, clay and ECa. The ECa was homogeneous all over the vineyard, except for the area closer to the river where a greater human intervention had occurred, with contributions of external soil at a greater depth. Soil properties showed a great spatial variability. Interpolated maps allowed for detecting areas with a lack of nutrients in which a differential fertilization could be performed in search of a sustainable and balanced production. The information provided by the maps of pH, ECEC and carbon and potassium contents allow for performing a differential management of the vineyard in terms of fertilization. In addition, the results obtained suggest that the vineyard should be divided into two sectors for a differential irrigation management. The ECa was not significantly correlated to most of the soil properties determined in the current study; however, it allowed for a low-cost mapping of the vineyard soil and established large areas of management within the vineyard.

scholarly journals Zinc Adsorption in Relation to Soil Properties, Analysed with Langmuir and Freundlich Models in Soils of Kashmir Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Syed Sadat ◽  
N. Z. Rehman ◽  
M. A. Bhat ◽  
M.A. Wani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Equations ◽  
Zinc Adsorption

The phenomenon of fixation of added zinc in soils considerably affects the availability and efficiency of applied zinc. Pertaining to this situation, different land-use soil samples across the valley were analysed for various physico-chemical properties and adsorption capacities. The results showed that the soils were slightly acidic to alkaline in reaction and differ far and wide in other soil properties. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils showed little variation between the samples and varied from13.3 to 17.2 cmol(p+) kg-1 with an average value of 15.1 cmol(p+) kg-1of soil. The maximum of zinc adsorption were greatly influenced by soil organic matter, clay content and CEC of the soils. The data was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equations and the results yielded that the Freundlich equation showed better fit to the sorption data at higher zinc concentrations. However, both the models were having satisfactory results for the obtained data.

Spatial heterogeneity of soil physico-chemical properties in contrasting wetland soils in two agro-ecological zones of Lesotho

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nkheloane ◽  
A. O. Olaleye ◽  
R. Mating
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Wetlands are complex ecosystems, often exhibiting considerable spatial variability, making the understanding of soil spatial relationships within them difficult. A study was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of soil physico-chemical properties in two contrasting wetlands in two agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Lesotho. Soil samples were collected along two transects in mini-pits dug at different depths at 50-m intervals. The collected samples were analysed for particle size, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), SOC pool, available phosphorus (Av-P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base cations. Results showed that within-site variability was very low for sand particles and pH (coefficient of variation <15% for both properties). Soil physical properties generally showed less spatial heterogeneity than chemical properties, which differed widely within and between the study sites. There was generally low correlation between soil properties, and SOC accounted for most of the variation observed at both sites, especially T’sakholo with partial R2 = 94%; at Thaba-Putsoa, partial R2 = 44%. Geostatistical analysis showed that all of the nugget to sill ratios (NSR) showed strong spatial dependence (i.e. NSR of 54–94%) except SOC (T’sakholo stream-bank) with no spatial dependence, with the nugget accounting for 23.43%. We therefore conclude that further wetland studies in Lesotho should attempt to quantify not only the soil properties or processes under investigation but also their spatial variability, because this spatial variability can provide insight into underlying ecosystem processes and may itself indicate wetland condition. In addition, results of stepwise multiple regression showed that SOC and texture could be used across these sites for the sustainable management of these wetlands.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spatial Variability of Soil Physico-Chemical Characteristics on Rhodic Ferralsol at the Syferkuil Experimental Farm of University of Limpopo, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kopano Conferance Phefadu ◽  
Funso Raphael Kutu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Bray P1 ◽  
Extractable Zn

<p>Spatial variability among selected soil physical and chemical properties in twelve profiles dug across the research block of the University of Limpopo experimental farm was investigated. The soils were moderately shallow to deep, contain variable textural classes and classified as Rhodic ferralsol. Over 90% of the samples were considered as slightly alkaline based on the water-measured pHvalues but decreased to marginally over 27% when measured in KCl. The electrical conductivity of the soils revealed a generally non-saline field. Bray P1, EC, exchangeable cations, extractable Zn and effective cation exchange capacity contents differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) with depth while K, Mg, Ca, Mn, organic carbon and ECEC differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) across profiles. Semi-variograms for the measured variables had low values indicating the existence of considerable level of spatial variability. Spatial dependence among top and subsoil pH, EC, organic carbon, sand, silt clay and bulk density ranged between weak and strong. Results revealed a significant spatial variability of the characterized parameters across the research block because to differences in tillage, cropping pattern and nutrient specific application over the years.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial variability and geostatistical analysis of selected soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
MZ Khan ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
M Sadiqul Amin ◽  
MMR Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Physico Chemical

A study was conducted to explore the spatial variability of major soil nutrients of Agricultural fields in South-western region of Bangladesh. From the study area, 40 surface soil samples were collected by a random sampling strategy using GPS. Then soil physico-chemical properties i.e., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN) N, soil available nutrients (P, K and S) were measured in laboratory. After data normalization, classical and geo-statistical analyses were used to describe soil properties and spatial correlation of soil characteristics. Spatial variability of soil physico-chemical properties was quantified through semi-variogram analysis and the respective surface maps were prepared through ordinary Kriging. Spherical model fits well with experimental semi-variogram of pH, EC, OM, TN, available P, K and S. Soil pH, available phosphorus (Av P), potassium (Av K) and sulfur (Av S) have the moderate spatial dependence, with nugget/sill ratios of 41.13% to 72.21%. The others have the strong dependence with nugget/sill ratios of less than 25%. The spatial variability of estimating soil properties varies within range of 0.0142 for Av P to 0.0383 for Av S and this model can calculate the un-sampled within neighboring distance of about 12.65 m for Av S to 150.82 m for TN, respectively. Cross validation of kriged map shows that spatial prediction of soil nutrients using semi-variogram parameters is better than assuming mean of observed value for any un-sampled location. Therefore, it is a suitable alternative method for accurate estimation of chemical properties of soil in un-sampled positions as compared to direct measurement which has time and costs concerned. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(1), 55-66, 2019

scholarly journals Assessment of the spatial variability of soil chemical properties along a transect using multifractal analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Jorge Dafonte Dafonte ◽  
Montserrat Valcárcel Armesto ◽  
Rosane Da Silva Dias ◽  
Eva Vidal Vázquez ◽  
Antonio Paz González
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Extractable P

The spatial variability of soil properties can be assessed through concepts of scale invariance, fractals and multifractals. The aim of this study was to characterize the scaling patterns and structural heterogeneity properties of general soil chemical properties along a short (i.e. 52 m large) transect. Field measurements were carried out at the experimental farm of CIAM located in Mabegondo, A Coruña, Spain. The studied transect was marked following land slope, and 66 soil samples were collected at the 0-20 cm depth every 0.8 m. The soil properties analyzed were: pH (H2O ), organic carbon content, exchangeable Ca, Mg and K, exchangeable acidity (H + Al), exchangeable bases (SB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), percent base saturation (V) and extractable P. The soil properties studied showed various degrees of multifractality. The spatial distribution of pH was characterized by quasi-monofractal behaviour; CEC, (H+Al) and OM, presented a relatively low degree of multifractality, and the other soil properties studied showed stronger degrees of multifractality, being the highest one for Olsen extractable P. In general, the scaling features of the properties studied implied a multifractal nature, where the low and high density regions scaled differently.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

scholarly journals Radiation-induced Grafting of Styrene onto Polyethylene Films for Preparation of Cation Exchange Membranes: Effect of Crosslinking+

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Nasef ◽  
H. Saidi ◽  
A. H. Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽  
Radiation Induced

Crosslinked cation exchange membranes bearing sulfonic acid groups (PE-g-PSSA/DVB) were prepared by radiationinduced grafting of styrene/divinylbenzene (DVB) mixtures onto low density polyethylene (PE) films followed by sulfonation reactions. The effect of addition of DVB (2 and 4%) on the grafting behavior and the physico-chemical properties of the membranes such as ion exchange capacity, swelling and ionic conductivity were evaluated incorrelation with grafting yield (Y%). The structural and thermal properties of the membranes were also studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Crosslinking with DVB was found to considerably affect the properties of the membranes in a way that reduces the swelling properties and enhances the chemical stability. The ion conductivity of the crosslinked membranes recorded a level of 10–2 S/cm at sufficient grafting yield (28%) despite the reduction caused by the formation of crosslinking structure. The results of this work suggest that membranes prepared in this study are potential alternatives for various electrochemical applications.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of Soil Nutrients Using Geospatial Techniques: A case study in soils of Sanwer Tehsil of Indore district of Madhya Pradesh

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 1353-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Tagore ◽  
G. D. Bairagi ◽  
R. Sharma ◽  
P. K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Available N ◽  
Physico Chemical

A study was conducted to explore the spatial variability of major soil nutrients in a soybean grown region of Malwa plateau. From the study area, one hundred sixty two surface soil samples were collected by a random sampling strategy using GPS. Then soil physico-chemical properties i.e., pH, EC, organic carbon, soil available nutrients (N, P, K, S and Zn) were measured in laboratory. After data normalization, classical and geo-statistical analyses were used to describe soil properties and spatial correlation of soil characteristics. Spatial variability of soil physico-chemical properties was quantified through semi-variogram analysis and the respective surface maps were prepared through ordinary Kriging. Exponential model fits well with experimental semi-variogram of pH, EC, OC, available N, P, K, S and Zn. pH, EC, OC, N, P, and K has displayed moderate spatial dependence whereas S and Zn showed weak spatial dependence. Cross validation of kriged map shows that spatial prediction of soil nutrients using semi-variogram parameters is better than assuming mean of observed value for any un-sampled location. Therefore it is a suitable alternative method for accurate estimation of chemical properties of soil in un-sampled positions as compared to direct measurement which has time and costs concerned.

scholarly journals Correlations between physico-chemical properties and nickel adsorption parameters in soils used in sanitary landfill liners

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Ricardo Antonio Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Danilo Brito da Costa ◽  
William de Paiva ◽  
Márcio Camargo de Melo ◽  
Veruschka Escarião Dessoles Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Clayey Sand ◽  
Landfill Liners ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nickel Adsorption

The adsorption of heavy metals by sanitary landfill liners represents a measure of protection of surface and groundwaters against contamination by metals, mitigating risks to public health. Hence, this research aimed to identify, from correlations, the influence of physico-chemical properties of soils applied in landfill liners using nickel adsorption parameters. Batch equilibrium tests with initial nickel concentrations of 45 to 1440 mg.L-1 were performed in clayey sand and bentonite clay soil, as well as in mixtures. Nickel adsorption parameters from Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were obtained, exhibiting a better adjustment in the Freundlich model based on R² and RMSE criteria. Thus, the addition of bentonite clay improved the adsorption to nickel, and the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) was the property that considerably influenced the metal retention in the studied soils.

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