scholarly journals Evaluation of Spatial Variability of Soil Physico-Chemical Characteristics on Rhodic Ferralsol at the Syferkuil Experimental Farm of University of Limpopo, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kopano Conferance Phefadu ◽  
Funso Raphael Kutu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Bray P1 ◽  
Extractable Zn

<p>Spatial variability among selected soil physical and chemical properties in twelve profiles dug across the research block of the University of Limpopo experimental farm was investigated. The soils were moderately shallow to deep, contain variable textural classes and classified as Rhodic ferralsol. Over 90% of the samples were considered as slightly alkaline based on the water-measured pHvalues but decreased to marginally over 27% when measured in KCl. The electrical conductivity of the soils revealed a generally non-saline field. Bray P1, EC, exchangeable cations, extractable Zn and effective cation exchange capacity contents differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) with depth while K, Mg, Ca, Mn, organic carbon and ECEC differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) across profiles. Semi-variograms for the measured variables had low values indicating the existence of considerable level of spatial variability. Spatial dependence among top and subsoil pH, EC, organic carbon, sand, silt clay and bulk density ranged between weak and strong. Results revealed a significant spatial variability of the characterized parameters across the research block because to differences in tillage, cropping pattern and nutrient specific application over the years.</p>

scholarly journals Zoning of a Newly-Planted Vineyard: Spatial Variability of Physico-Chemical Soil Properties

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
María Fandiño ◽  
Benjamín J. Rey ◽  
Jorge Dafonte ◽  
Javier J. Cancela
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Two Sectors

Soil properties show a high spatio-temporal variability, affecting productivity and crop quality within a given field. In new vineyard plantations, with changes in the initial topographic profile, this variability is exacerbated due to the incorporation of soil from different origins and qualities. The aim of the current study was to characterize the variability of soil properties in a newly established vineyard, and delineating zones for site-specific management of fertilization. For this purpose, the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) in the first 150 cm was measured with an electromagnetic induction sensor. A soil sampling was performed following a regular grid (35 × 35 m, 149 samples), collecting samples down to 40 cm depth for determining soil chemical properties. Spatial variability was assessed through semivariogram calculation and ordinary kriging. The soil properties that better represent the variability in this newly established vineyard were pH, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), carbon content, clay and ECa. The ECa was homogeneous all over the vineyard, except for the area closer to the river where a greater human intervention had occurred, with contributions of external soil at a greater depth. Soil properties showed a great spatial variability. Interpolated maps allowed for detecting areas with a lack of nutrients in which a differential fertilization could be performed in search of a sustainable and balanced production. The information provided by the maps of pH, ECEC and carbon and potassium contents allow for performing a differential management of the vineyard in terms of fertilization. In addition, the results obtained suggest that the vineyard should be divided into two sectors for a differential irrigation management. The ECa was not significantly correlated to most of the soil properties determined in the current study; however, it allowed for a low-cost mapping of the vineyard soil and established large areas of management within the vineyard.

scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Physical and Chemical Properties in Northern Himalayas of Kashmir Province

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Ayman Javed ◽  
Shaista Nazir Bhat ◽  
Rajnish Yadav ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad Wani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Due to geological and pedological soil-forming factors, spatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties across the agricultural fields is intrinsic by its nature, however variability may arise from tillage and other soil management practices. The main aim of this survey was to investigate the spatial variability of soil physical along with chemical properties and the preparation of thematic maps across the study area. The physico-chemical properties determined were Particle size distribution, Bulk density, Particle density, total porosity, soil resistance, soil pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Organic carbon (OC), Nitrogen(N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium(K). Soil samples were collected from 45 sites using Geographical Positioning System (GPS) under different land-use systems. The results showed normal distribution for Sand, silt, particle density, electrical conductivity, and soil pH. Organic carbon recorded the maximum coefficient of variation (82.2%) and soil particle density (5.66%) the minimum. Soil macronutrients were medium in range excluding phosphorus which was found inadequate in the watershed. Employing such analytic work, it is feasible to devise accurate soil management practices and an unerring soil sampling system for taking efficient management judgments that result in sustainable agricultural production.

Research on physico-chemical properties of sugars and sugar crystallization at the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Z. Bubnik ◽  
P. Kadlec ◽  
E. Sarka ◽  
V. Pour ◽  
A. Hinkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper represents a summary of most important research activities in sucrose crystallization, in which the Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, part of the University of Chemistry and Technology (UCT) Prague, has been involved over the last 25 years. A wide range of these projects has been carried out in cooperation with other research institutes, universities and industrial partners. These activities can be divided into four main research areas that are interconnected and support each other. – Physical and chemical properties of sucrose and sugar solutions; – Growth kinetics of sugar crystals in pure and technical sugar solutions; – Simulation and mathematical modeling of new processes and technologies; – Experimental work for industry and cooperation with industrial partners.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physico-chemical Parameters and Nutrient Availability in Soils of Arvi and Karanja Blocks of Wardha district, Maharashtra

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliza Pradhan ◽  
◽  
Mahesh Maske ◽  
Manoj Sayre ◽  
Mahesh Sadatpure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The physical and chemical properties of the soil governs the kand productivity The present study focuses on soil properties and nutrient indices of soils in five different villages of Arvi and Karanja blocks of Wardha district, Maharashtra. A research programme on Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia (LANSA) through framing system is in progress in these villages. The soils of the site are slightly acidic to alkaline, medium to high in organic carbon, deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc, medium in iron content and sufficient in potassium, copper and manganese content.

scholarly journals Influence of fire on selected physico-chemical properties of forest soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Majder-łopatka ◽  
Wiesław Szulc ◽  
Beata Rutkowska ◽  
Dominik Ptasiński ◽  
Witold Kazberuk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The aim of the research was to determine whether, and to what extent, a surface fire of forest areas determines changes in physical and chemical properties of the soil. The test material consisted of soil samples taken from soil profiles exposed in a burnt-out area and in an area unaffected by fire. The samples were analyzed for total organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, and also selected indicators of soil acidification. As a result of the tests, it was found that there was a decrease in the levels of organic carbon (by over 75%) and nitrogen (by 50%). A negative effect of the changes was the narrowing of the C/N ratio, a positive one – an increase in soil pH (from 3.14 to 4.67), and a several-times reduction in hydrolytic and exchangeable acidity.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicides Application on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Performance of Maize in Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
G. Omar ◽  
B. Tasi’u
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sudan Savanna

A multi-locational field trial was conducted at two locations (Orchard of the Bayero University Gezawa village in Gezawa Local Government area) in the Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria to investigate the effect of applications of paraquat and atrazine herbicides on soil physico-chemical properties and maize performance. Pre-planting and plot-by-plot soil samples was taken 24 hours after herbicides application, vegetative growth period, reproductive stage and at harvest were taken and subjected to routine analyses using standard laboratory methods. Crop growth and yield characters were measured using standard methods. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. Results indicated highly significant differences between the locations in the content of the sand, silt and clay separates but no significant differences were observed between the treatments. There were highly significant variations in soil reaction, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and all the exchangeable bases, except calcium at both locations. Soil reaction, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and cation exchange capacity showed no significant differences with all the treatments across the locations. Electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and sodium were low across the locations but were higher at Bayero University Kano. The soils at both locations were generally acid. Thus, the soils at both locations were non-saline and non-sodic. Only the yield varied with the treatments. The highest yield was obtained at Bayero University Kano. Application of the highest treatment (4 kg/ha Atrazine + 4 kg/ha Paraquat was associated with high sand content and strong soil acidity). Combined application of 3 kg/ha Atrazine + 3 kg/a Paraquat was associated with low total nitrogen and exchangeable potassium and with the highest yield of maize. Application of Atrazine at 3 kg/ha corresponded with low organic carbon and low leaf area. Paraquat applied at 4 kg/ha was associated with very low concentration of exchangeable Na and moderate concentration of available P. Combined application of paraquat at 4 kg/ha was associated with low cation exchange capacity. Combined application of 3 kg/ha atrazine and 3 kg/ha paraquat is recommended for higher maize yield. Integrated soil fertility management is recommended in the study areas.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ENTISOLS-FLUVENTS AND EROSION IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
RENISSON NEPONUCENO ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
FRANCISCO SANDRO RODRIGUES HOLANDA ◽  
MOACYR CUNHA FILHO ◽  
VICTOR CASIMIRO PISCOYA ◽  
JOSE DE OLIVEIRA MELO NETO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Physical Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT The intense anthropization in the lower São Francisco River and surrounding areas can lead to environmental degradation risks and, above all, makes the area more susceptible to soil erosion. This study aimed to identify and correlate the physical and chemical properties able to enhance erosive processes and slope instability in the watercourse margins of the lower São Francisco River, in Sergipe State, Brazil. To this end, disturbed and undisturbed samples of an Entisol-Fluvent soil were collected in the region, specifically in the city of Amparo de São Francisco. Physical (density, porosity, and texture) and chemical (pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, micro-, and macronutrients) analyses were performed. All physical properties and organic carbon contents were higher in the surface layers (Ap and AC) compared to the others. Organic carbon, phosphorus, and micronutrients had a negative correlation with soil density, showing higher contents and lower soil densities in the Ap and AC layers. The pedological characteristics of the evaluated soil layers are unable to provide soil resistance to water erosion.

Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry: Applications and Recent Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Maria Merone ◽  
Angela Tartaglia ◽  
Enrica Rosato ◽  
Cristian D’Ovidio ◽  
Abuzar Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Background: Ionic liquids (ILs) are a unique class of compounds consisting exclusively of cations and anions that possess distinctive properties such as low volatility, high thermal stability, miscibility with water and organic solvents, electrolytic conductivity and non-flammability. Ionic liquids have been defined as "design solvents", because it is possible to modify their physical and chemical properties by appropriately choosing cations and anions, in order to meet the specific characteristics based on their potential application. Introduction: Due of their tunable nature and properties, ILs are considered as the perfect candidates for numerous applications in analytical chemistry including sample preparation, stationary phases in liquid or gas chromatography, additives in capillary electrophoresis, or in mass spectrometry for spectral and electrochemical analysis. In the last years, the number of publications regarding ILs has rapidly increased, highlighting the broad applications of these compounds in various fields of analytical chemistry. Results: This review first described the main physico-chemical characteristics of ionic liquids, and subsequently reported the various applications in different subdisciplines of analytical chemistry, including the extraction procedure and separation techniques. Furthermore, in each paragraph the most recent applications of ionic liquids in the food, environmental, biological, etc. fields have been described. Conclusion: Overall, the topic discussed highlights the key role of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry, giving hints for their future applications in chemistry but also in biology and medicine.

scholarly journals Magnetic susceptibility for characterizing areas with different potentials for sugarcane production

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1349-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Silva Siqueira ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
Sammy Sidney Rocha Matias ◽  
Livia Arantes Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Variability Model

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of magnetic susceptibility for characterizing the spatial variability of soil attributes and identifying areas with different potentials for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production. Samples were collected at 110 points (1 per 7 ha) in the layers of 0.00-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m, to determine the magnetic susceptibility and physical and chemical attributes of the soil. Fiber content, sucrose polarization (POL), and sugarcane yield were determined in 33 points. The spatial variability model for magnetic susceptibility was 63 and 22% more accurate in delimiting soil potential for sugarcane production than soil physical and chemical attributes at the 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4-m layers, respectively. The spatial variability map for magnetic susceptibility was strongly correlated with clay (0.83 and 0.89, respectively, for the layers) and sand contents (-0.84 and -0.88); moderately correlated with organic matter (-0.25 and -0.35), sum of bases (-0.46 and 0.37), cation exchange capacity (0.22 and 0.47), pH (-0.52 and 0.13), and POL (0.43 and 0.53); and weakly correlated with sugarcane yield (0.26 and 0.23). Magnetic susceptibility can be used to characterize the spatial variability of soil attributes and to identify areas with different potentials for sugarcane production.

scholarly journals Effect of termite activity on soil under different land management strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Liane Barreto Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Rodrigo Camara ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Eduardo Lima ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Mound-building termites are important agents of soil bioperturbation, but these species have not been extensively studied thus far. The present study aimed to evaluate the soil particle-size and the chemical attributes of termite mounds and the surrounding soil under different land use strategies. A one-hectare plot was defined for an unmanaged degraded pasture, planted pasture, and for a eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora plantation. In each plot, the top, center, and base sections of five Cornitermes cumulans mounds, and the surrounding soil at the depths of 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm, were sampled in the Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. In the three areas, the center of the mounds contained higher clay content, organic carbon, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, total bases, and cation exchangeable capacity, when compared to the top, base, and the surrounding soils. However, the center had lower values of exchangeable acidity and potassium, of the three areas. In the eucalyptus plantation, the values of pH, total bases, calcium, and magnesium were lower, whereas aluminum, exchangeable acidity, sodium, and cation exchange capacity were higher both in the mounds and in the surrounding soil, in relation to the pastures. There were no differences among the three areas in terms of organic carbon, potassium, phosphorous, and total bases, in the mounds and adjacent soil. Thus, the termite activity altered the clay content and most of the soil chemical properties in all of the studied areas, but only for the center of the mounds. However, the effect of these organisms was different in the eucalyptus plantation in relation to the pasture areas.

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