Countermovement Jump Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Collegiate Basketball Players

The purpose of the present study was to establish the intrasession and intersession reliability of variables obtained from a force plate that was used to quantitate lower extremity inter-limb asymmetry during the bilateral countermovement jump (CMJ). Secondarily, a comparison was performed to determine the influence of the jump protocol CMJ with or without an arm swing (CMJ AS and CMJ NAS, respectively) on inter-limb asymmetries. Twenty-two collegiate basketball players performed three CMJ AS and three CMJ NAS on dual force platforms during two separate testing sessions. A majority of variables met the acceptable criterion of intersession and intrasession relative reliability (ICC > 0.700), while fewer than half met standards established for absolute reliability (CV < 10%). CMJ protocol appeared to influence asymmetries; Concentric Impulse-100 ms, Eccentric Braking Rate of Force Development, Eccentric Deceleration, and Force at Zero velocity were significantly different between jumping conditions (CMJAS versus CMJ NAS; p < 0.05). The present data establish the reliability and smallest worthwhile change of inter-limb asymmetries during the CMJ, while also identifying the influence of CMJ protocol on inter-limb asymmetries, which can be useful to practitioners and clinicians in order to effectively monitor changes associated with performance, injury risk, and return-to-play strategies.

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The Influence of Countermovement Jump Protocol on Reactive Strength Index Modified and Flight Time: Contraction Time in Collegiate Basketball Players

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7020037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aaron Heishman ◽

Brady Brown ◽

Bryce Daub ◽

Ryan Miller ◽

Eduardo Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Force Plate ◽

Flight Time ◽

Contraction Time ◽

Strength Index ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Arm Swing ◽

Collegiate Basketball ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate differences in Reactive Strength Index Modified (RSIMod) and Flight Time to Contraction Time Ratio (FT:CT) during the countermovement jump (CMJ) performed without the arm swing (CMJNAS) compared to the CMJ with the arm swing (CMJAS), while exploring the relationship within each variable between jump protocols. A secondary purpose sought to explore the relationship between RSIMod and FT:CT during both jump protocols. Twenty-two collegiate basketball players performed both three CMJNAS and three CMJAS on a force plate, during two separate testing sessions. RSIMod was calculated by the flight-time (RSIModFT) and impulse-momentum methods (RSIModIMP). CMJ variables were significantly greater during the CMJAS compared to CMJNAS (p < 0.001). There were large to very large correlations within each variable between the CMJAS and CMJNAS. There were significant positive correlations among RSIModFT, RSIModIMP, and FT:CT during both the CMJAS (r ≥ 0.864, p < 0.001) and CMJNAS (r ≥ 0.960, p < 0.001). These findings identify an increase in RSIMod or FT:CT during the CMJAS, that may provide independent information from the CMJNAS. In addition, either RSIMod or FT:CT may be utilized to monitor changes in performance, but simultaneous inclusion may be unnecessary.

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Biomechanical Analysis of the Jump Shot in Basketball

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2014-0062 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Artur Struzik ◽

Bogdan Pietraszewski ◽

Jerzy Zawadzki

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

High Performance ◽

Force Plate ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Biomechanical Analysis ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Mean Power ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Arm Swing ◽

High Level

Abstract Basketball players usually score points during the game using the jump shot. For this reason, the jump shot is considered to be the most important element of technique in basketball and requires a high level of performance. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs during a jump shot without the ball and a countermovement jump without an arm swing. The differences between variables provide information about the potential that an athlete can utilise during a game when performing a jump shot. The study was conducted among 20 second-league basketball players by means of a Kistler force plate and the BTS SMART system for motion analysis. The variables measured included the take-off time, mean power, peak power, relative mean power, jump height, maximum landing force and calculated impact ratio. Surprisingly, more advantageous variables were found for the jump shot. This finding suggests a very high performance level in the jump shot in the studied group and a maximum utilisation of their motor abilities. Both types of jumps were characterised by high mean and peak power values and average heights. The high forces at landing, which result in considerable impact ratios, may have prompted the studied group to land softly. Use of the countermovement jump without an arm swing is recommended to assess and predict the progression of player’s jumping ability

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Countermovement Jump Reliability Performed With and Without an Arm Swing in NCAA Division 1 Intercollegiate Basketball Players

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000002812 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 546-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Aaron D. Heishman ◽

Bryce D. Daub ◽

Ryan M. Miller ◽

Eduardo D.S. Freitas ◽

Brett A. Frantz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Countermovement Jump ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Arm Swing ◽

Division 1

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Preseason Y Balance Test Scores are not Associated with Noncontact Time-Loss Lower Quadrant Injury in Male Collegiate Basketball Players

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7010004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jason Brumitt ◽

Kyle Nelson ◽

Duane Duey ◽

Matthew Jeppson ◽

Luke Hammer

Keyword(s):

Test Scores ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Lower Extremity Injury ◽

Time Loss ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Balance Test ◽

Lower Quadrant ◽

Homogeneous Population ◽

Cutoff Scores ◽

Collegiate Basketball

The Y-Balance Test-Lower Quarter has shown promise as a screening tool for identifying athletes at risk of injury. Subsequent studies, utilizing heterogeneous populations or different operational definitions of injury, have presented equivocal findings. Therefore, studies evaluating the efficacy of the Y-Balance Test to discriminate injury risk in a homogeneous population is warranted. One-hundred sixty-nine male (mean age 19.9 ± 1.5 y) collegiate basketball players were recruited during 2 consecutive seasons (2016–2017/2017–2018). Athletes completed the Y-Balance testing protocol at the start of each preseason. Athletic trainers tracked noncontact time-loss lower quadrant injuries over the course of the season. Receiver operator characteristic curves failed to identify cutoff scores; therefore, previously reported cutoff scores were utilized when calculating relative risk. There was no association between preseason Y-Balance Test scores and noncontact time-loss lower back or lower extremity injury in a population of male collegiate basketball players. This study adds to a growing body of evidence that demonstrates no relationship between preseason Y-Balance Test scores and subsequent injury.

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Countermovement Jump Reliability when Performed With and Without an Arm Swing in NCAA Division 1 Basketball Players

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000538208.39002.8d ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (5S) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Aaron D. Heishman ◽

Ryan M. Miller ◽

Eduardo D.S. Freitas ◽

Japneet Kaur ◽

Bianca A.R. Galletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Countermovement Jump ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Arm Swing ◽

Division 1

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Reliability and Differences of Jump Kinetics Related to Different Load in College Male Athletes

Athens Journal of Sports ◽

10.30958/ajspo.8-4-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 261-270

Author(s):

Chia-Hung Chuang ◽

Ching-Hung Lin ◽

Cheng-Wen Wu ◽

Kuo-Chuan Lin

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Force Plate ◽

Eccentric Contraction ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Arm Swing ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

College Male ◽

Contraction Duration ◽

Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to explore reliability and differences of jump kinetics related to different training load in college male athletes. The subjects were required to perform countermovement jump (CMJ) and loaded countermovement jump (LCMJ-0%, LCMJ-20% and LCMJ-80% of one-repetition maximum squat) three times for each load which were recorded by a force plate. One-way repeated measures ANOVA and the LSD post hoc method were employed to evaluate the results. The results reveled that jump kinetics-related parameters increased/decreased by the load. Compared with the loading jumps, the CMJ incorporate with an arm swing directly led to an increase in eccentric contraction duration during jumping. Most of the jump mechanical parameters under substantially different load conditions fall within the good to excellent reliability. It appears that the CMJ and CMJ with extra load were reliable in explore the kinetics related parameters. Keywords: countermovement jump, one-repetition maximum, arm swing, eccentric contraction

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Does Footwear Influence Countermovement Jump Parameters Used To Monitor Performance In Collegiate Basketball Players?

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000759572.88715.fd ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (8S) ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

Keldon Peak ◽

Aaron Heishman ◽

Bryce Daub ◽

Ryan Miller ◽

Eduardo Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Countermovement Jump ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Collegiate Basketball

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Does Footwear Influence Countermovement Jump Parameters Used to Assess Performance in Collegiate Basketball Players?

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science ◽

10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.2p.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Aaron D. Heishman ◽

Keldon M. Peak ◽

Bryce D. Daub ◽

Ryan M. Miller ◽

Eduardo D.S. Freitas

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Performance Assessments ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Mean Power ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Collegiate Basketball ◽

Testing Protocols

Background: The countermovement jump (CMJ) is used to monitor short- and long-term changes in neuromuscular performance, where practically relevant alteration may be subtle, requiring detailed and consistent testing protocols to limit error and allow detection of meaningful change. Collegiate basketball players often wear different types of footwear depending upon the training activity, potentially influencing CMJ performance outcomes. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of footwear on key CMJ variables used for routine performance assessments in a cohort of 11 NCAA women’s collegiate basketball players. Method: In a cross-over repeated measures study design, players performed three CMJs in Basketball-, Training-(Trainers), and Olympic Weightlifting (WL) shoes, in a randomized order during one testing session. One-way repeated measures analyses of variance (p ≤ .05) and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were used to discern differences in CMJ variables among shoe conditions. Results: WL demonstrated greater Eccentric Mean Force (p ≤ .014, d ≥ 0.03) and lower Flight Time:Contraction Time (p ≤ .029, d ≥ 0.31), Jump Height (p ≤ .040, d ≥ 0.32), and Reactive Strength Index-Modified (p ≤ .032, d ≥ 0.40) than both Basketball and Trainers. Additionally, WL exhibited lower Concentric Mean Force (p = .018, d = 0.19), Concentric Mean Power (p = .008, d = 0.29), Eccentric Peak Force (p = .050, d = 0.19), and Flight Time (p = .036, d = 0.31) compared to Trainer. No significant differences and only trivial effects appeared between Basketball and Trainers (p > 0.05, d < 0.1). Conclusion: These findings suggest footwear significantly influences CMJ performance. WL shoes appear to negatively impact CMJ performance; however, Basketball and Trainers appear to exert negligible effects that should allow clinicians and practitioners to feel confident about measurement and data quality when performing short- and long-term CMJ measurements in either Basketball or Trainers.

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Effects of Plyometric and Whole-body Vibration on Physical Performance in Collegiate Basketball Players: A Crossover Randomized Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117807/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pratyakshi Munshi ◽

Moazzam Hussain Khan ◽

Shibili Nuhmani ◽

Shahnawaz Anwer ◽

Heng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Whole Body ◽

Jump Height ◽

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Body Vibration ◽

Collegiate Basketball

Abstract BackgroundWhile many studies suggested the effects of plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises on post-activation potentiation, few studies have compared the acute effects of plyometric and whole-body vibration on the occurrence of post-activation potentiation. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises on postactivation potentiation in collegiate basketball players.MethodsTwenty-four collegiate basketball players (Age 20.8 ± 2.02 Y, height 1.79 ± 0.7 m, weight 71.2 ± 7.6 kg, and body mass index 22.00 ± 1.49 kg/m2) participated in this randomized crossover study. Subjects were received both plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises after 48-hour washed-out period. Countermovement Jump height, sprint, and agility time were measured at baseline, 4- and 12-minute post-plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises. ResultsThe result suggests a positive effect of both the plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises on countermovement jump and agility time (p = 0.001). While the countermovement jump height and agility were higher in the plyometric group (mean difference 1.60 cm and 0.16 sec, respectively), the sprint performance was higher in the whole-body vibration group (mean difference 0.28 sec). However, these differences were statistically nonsignificant between the two groups (p > 0.05 ).ConclusionsThis study suggests that both plyometric and whole-body vibration exercises may improve postactivation potentiation, which leads to a better physical performance.Trial registrationCTRI/2019/05/019059. Registered with the Clinical trials registry, India on 10th May, 2019. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/advsearch.php

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Analyzing the Magnitude of Interlimb Asymmetries in Young Female Soccer Players: A Preliminary Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18020475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 475

Author(s):

Javier Raya-González ◽

Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽

Daniel Castillo

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Young Female ◽

Asymmetry Index ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Jump Ability

Although asymmetries in lower limbs have been linked with players’ performance in male soccer players, literature that has been published addressing female soccer is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was twofold: (i) describe the asymmetries of women soccer players during jumping, change-of-direction and range-of-motion tests; and (ii) test possible relationships between asymmetries and injury risk in female soccer players. Sixteen female players (15.5 ± 1.5 years) performed a battery of fitness tests (i.e., jump ability, change-of-direction ability and passive range-of-motion) and muscle mass analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, through which the specific asymmetry index and the related injury risk were calculated. Significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in the change-of-direction test were observed in comparison to those observed in jumping and range-of-motion tests; significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in muscle mass were also reported compared to those found in the change-of-direction and countermovement jump tests. Additionally, increased injury risk for countermovement jump and hip flexion with extended knee range-of-motion (relating to asymmetry values) and for ankle flexion with flexed knee range-of-motion in both legs (relating to reference range-of-motion values), as well as increased individual injury risk values, were observed across all tests. These findings suggest the necessity to implement individual approaches for asymmetry and injury risk analyses.

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