scholarly journals Combined but Not Isolated Ingestion of Caffeine and Taurine Improves Wingate Sprint Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes Habituated to Caffeine

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Raci Karayigit ◽  
Alireza Naderi ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Anaerobic Test

Previous studies have investigated caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) in isolation and combined during exercise in males. However, the potential synergistic effect during high-intensity exercise remains unknown in female athletes. Seventeen female team-sport athletes participated (age: 23.4 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.68 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 59.5 ± 2.2 kg). All participants were habitual caffeine consumers (340.1 ± 28.6 mg/day). A double-blind randomized crossover design was used. Participants completed four experimental trials: (i) CAF and TAU (6 mg/kg body mass of CAF + 1 g of TAU), (ii) CAF alone; (iii) TAU alone; and (iv) placebo (PLA). Supplements were ingested 60 min before a 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Heart rate and blood lactate (BL) were measured before and immediately after the WAnT; and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded immediately after the WAnT. Peak power (PP) was significantly higher following co-ingestion of CAF+TAU compared to PLA (p = 0.03) and TAU (p = 0.03). Mean power (MP) was significantly higher following co-ingestion of CAF+TAU compared to PLA (p = 0.01). No other differences were found between conditions for PP and MP (p > 0.05). There were also no observed differences in fatigue index (FI), BL; heart rate; and RPE between conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, compared to PLA the combined ingestion of 6 mg/kg of CAF and 1 g of TAU improved both PP and MP in female athletes habituated to caffeine; however; CAF and TAU independently failed to augment WAnT performance.

scholarly journals Caffeine improves biochemical and specific performance after judo training: a double-blind crossover study in a real judo training situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Euton Oliveira Carmo ◽  
Diego Ignácio Valenzuela Pérez ◽  
Charles Nardelli Valido ◽  
Jymmys Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Bianca Miarka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Biochemical Effect ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables

Abstract Background Nutritional ergogenic aids are foods or nutrients that can improve physical performance. Among these foods with ergogenic properties, caffeine has shown that it can increase the fat catabolism, strength, and improve the cognition and time reaction of an athlete, therefore, it is hoped that it can improve the performance of judokas. This study through a double-blind crossover (supplement X placebo) protocol, investigated the effects caffeine supplementation (single capsule containing 5 mg/kg body mass intake 60 min before the session) on biochemical, anthropometrical, physical, subjective and hemodynamic variables measured before, during and after two typical judo trainingcxs sessions (120-min: 40-min of gymnastics; 40-min of specific technics and; 40-min of judo combat). Methods 8 high-level athletes (21.4 ± 2.0 years; 83.6 ± 15.2 kg; 1.8 ± 0.1 m; 17.9 ± 7.0 Fat%) were evaluated before and after each training for body mass, hydration, upper and lower limb power, performance in the special judo fitness test (SJFT), free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma, uric acid, glucose, lactate, heart rate, and pain. In addition, heart rate, FFA in plasma, uric acid, glucose, lactate, rating of perceived exertion and pain were assessed during the training. Results At 120 min, supplementation resulted in a higher concentration of plasma FFA (1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mmol/L; p = 0.047) and lactate (4.9 ± 1.8 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2 mmol/L; p = 0.047), and a lower concentration of uric acid (5.4 ± 0.9 vs. 7.0 ± 1.5 mg/dL; p = 0.04). Supplementation also resulted in performance maintenance (fatigue index) in the SJFT (Δ0.3 ± 2.0 vs Δ1.7 ± 2.5, for caffeine and placebo respectively, p = 0.046). No adverse effects were observed. Conclusion Based on the applied dose, intake time, and sample of this study, we can conclude that caffeine produces an ergogenic biochemical effect, and improves performance in judo athletes.

Failure of Glycine-Arginine-α-Ketoisocaproic Acid to Improve High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Trained Cyclists

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Beis ◽  
Yaser Mohammad ◽  
Chris Easton ◽  
Yannis P. Pitsiladis
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Trials

Oral supplementation with glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) has previously been shown to improve exhaustive high-intensity exercise performance. There are no controlled studies involving GAKIC supplementation in well-trained subjects. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of GAKIC supplementation on fatigue during high-intensity, repeated cycle sprints in trained cyclists. After at least 2 familiarization trials, 10 well-trained male cyclists completed 2 supramaximal sprint tests each involving 10 sprints of 10 s separated by 50-s rest intervals on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Subjects ingested 11.2 g of GAKIC or placebo (Pl) during a period of 45 min before the 2 experimental trials, administered in a randomized and double-blind fashion. Peak power declined from the 1st sprint (M ± SD; Pl 1,332 ± 307 W, GAKIC 1,367 ± 342 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 1,091 ± 229 W, GAKIC 1,061 ± 272 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .88). Mean power declined from the 1st sprint (Pl 892 ± 151 W, GAKIC 892 ± 153 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 766 ± 120 W, GAKIC 752 ± 138 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .96). The fatigue index remained at ~38% throughout the series of sprints and did not differ between conditions (p = .99). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion increased from the 1st sprint to the 10th sprint and did not differ between conditions (p = .11 and p = .83, respectively). In contrast to previous studies in untrained individuals, these results suggest that GAKIC has no ergogenic effect on repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in trained individuals.

scholarly journals ACUTE DIETARY NITRATE SUPPLEMENTATION FAILS TO IMPROVE EXERCISE ECONOMY IN ELDERLY

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M. Driller ◽  
L. Thompson ◽  
J. McQuillan ◽  
R. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Exercise Economy ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Walking Economy ◽  
Experimental Trials

Objective: Improvements in exercise economy following dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation in young, athletic populations has been well documented, but little research has focused on whether these same benefits translate to elderly populations. Design: Participants completed two experimental trials in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Twenty-one elderly participants >65 yr (10 male/11 female, mean ± SD; age: 72 ± 6 yr). Intervention: Each trial consisted of participants ingesting a 70ml dose of either NO3- rich (NIT; 5.0mmol.L-1) or NO3- depleted (PLA; 0.003mmol.L-1) beetroot juice two hours prior to reporting to the laboratory. Measurements: On arrival at the laboratory, blood pressure was assessed followed by a five minute walking economy test on a treadmill (3km.h-1 and 1% gradient). VO2, heart rate and RPE were monitored during the walking test. Results: There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between NIT and PLA trials for any of the measured variables during the walking test. Furthermore, no differences were found for blood pressure between trials. All results were associated with trivial or unclear effect sizes. Conclusion: Despite recent reports of improved exercise economy in young, athletic populations following NO3- supplementation, the current study did not find any benefit to sub-maximal VO2, heart rate, perceived exertion or blood pressure in elderly participants when performing a 5-minute walk following NO3- supplementation.

scholarly journals Effects of Terbutaline Sulfate on Physiological and Biomechanical as Well as Perceived Exertion in Healthy Active Athletes: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanen Hafedh ◽  
Maamer Slimani ◽  
Bianca Miarka ◽  
Ramzi Bettayeb ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Terbutaline Sulfate ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of beta2‐agonist terbutaline sulfate (TER) at a supra‐therapeutic dose (8 mg) on aerobic exercise performance. Twelve (6 females and 6 males) amateur athletes familiarized with all experimental procedures had their anthropometric data obtained on day 1. On days 2 and 3 either 8 mg of TER or a placebo (PLA) was administered orally (double‐blind manner) to participants who had rested for 3 h prior to aerobic exercise performance 20 m multistage fitness test (MSFT)]. This test was used to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and velocity at which VO2max occurs (vVO2max). The Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE), cardiovascular variables [heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)] and blood glucose concentration [BGC] were obtained 15 min pre‐ and immediately post‐MSFT. Significant mean group differences were reported between PLA and TER groups (p < 0.05), respectively, in the RPE (15.6 ± 1.2 vs. 17.3 ± 1.5 a.u.), maximum heart rate (HRmax: 191.2 ± 7.1 vs. 197.2 ± 8.6 bpm) and BGC (118.4 ± 18.3 vs. 141.2 ± 15.8 mg/dL) post‐MSFT. The main effect of gender (male vs. female) in TER and PLA groups (p< 0.05) was observed, with higher estimated VO2max, vVO2max, HRmax and a lower mean HR pre‐test in male than female athletes. For these reasons, the inclusion of TER in the Prohibited List should be re‐discussed because of the lack of ergogenic effects.

Performance on the Wingate Anaerobic Test and Maturation

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Armstrong ◽  
Joanne R. Welsman ◽  
Brian J. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Anaerobic Test

The influence of sexual maturation on the Wingate anaerobic test performance of 100 boys and 100 girls, ages 12.2 ±0.4 years, was examined using Tanner’s indices of pubic hair and, in boys, salivary testosterone as measures of maturation. No sex differences (p > .05) in either peak power (PP) or mean power (MP) were revealed. Significant main effects (p < .01) for maturation were detected for both PP and MP expressed in W, W · kg−1, or with body mass controlled using allometric principles. Testosterone did not increase the variance in PP or MP explained by body mass alone (p > .05). No sex or maturational effects were observed for postexercise blood lactate (p > .05). Testosterone was not (p > .05) correlated with blood lactate. Thus, sexual maturation exerts an influence on PP and MP independent of body mass, but maturational effects on postexercise blood lactate remain to be proven in this age group.

Effects of Body Weight vs. Lean Body Mass on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance in Endurance Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (08) ◽  
pp. 545-551
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Galán-Rioja ◽  
Fernando González-Mohíno ◽  
Dajo Sanders ◽  
Jesús Mellado ◽  
José María González-Ravé
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Anaerobic Test

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of body weight or lean body mass-based load on Wingate Anaerobic Test performance in male and female endurance trained individuals. Thirty-one participants (22 male cyclists and triathletes and 9 female triathletes) completed two randomized Wingate Anaerobic Test (body weight and lean body mass loads) in stationary start. There were no significant differences in power outputs variables between loads in any group. However, when comparing specific groups within the sample (e. g. cyclists vs cyclists) medium to large effect sizes were observed for Relative Mean Power Output (ES=0.53), Relative Lowest Power (ES=0.99) and Relative Power Muscle Mass (ES=0.54). Regarding gender differences, male cyclists and triathletes displayed higher relative and absolute power outputs (p<0.001) compared to female triathletes regardless of the protocol used. FI was lower in female triathletes compared to male triathletes and cyclists in body weight (p<0.001) and lean body mass (p<0.01) protocols. Body composition and anthropometric characteristics were similar in male cyclists and triathletes, but there were differences between genders. These results suggest that using either body weight-based or lean body mass-based load can be used interchangeably. However, there may be some practically relevant differences when evaluating this on an individual level.

scholarly journals Effects of Listening to Preferred versus Non-Preferred Music on Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Ballmann ◽  
Daniel J. Maynard ◽  
Zachary N. Lafoon ◽  
Mallory R. Marshall ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred or non-preferred music on repeated sprint performance. Fourteen physically active males (ages 18–25 years) were recruited for this study. In a counterbalanced crossover study design, participants completed two separate visits. During each visit, participants listened to either preferred or non-preferred music and completed 3 × 15 s Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnTs) separated by 2 min active recovery periods. Each visit was separated by a minimal recovery period of 48 h. Anaerobic performance measures, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and motivation were analyzed. Mean power (p = 0.846, effect size (ES) = 0.019), anaerobic capacity (p = 0.686, ES = 0.058), and total work (p = 0.677, ES = 0.039) were not significantly different between preferred and non-preferred music conditions. Mean heart rate (p = 0.608; ES = 0.125) was also unchanged. Motivation to exercise (p < 0.001; ES = 1.520) was significantly higher in the preferred music condition. Additionally, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (p = 0.028; ES = 0.540) was significantly lower during the preferred music condition. Our results show that listening to preferred music showed no ergogenic benefit during repeated anaerobic cycling sprints when compared to non-preferred music. However, preferred music increased motivation to exercise and decreased perceived exertion. The results from this study could hold important implications for the application of music and enduring repeated high-intensity sprint exercise.

scholarly journals Influence of Warm-Up Music Preference on Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Division I NCAA Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Corinne E. Meglic ◽  
Caroline M. Orman ◽  
Rebecca R. Rogers ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
Christopher G. Ballmann
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Division I ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Warm Up

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of listening to preferred versus non-preferred warm-up music on anaerobic sprint performance in Division I NCAA female athletes. Female collegiate athletes (n = 14) were recruited for this study. In a counterbalanced, crossover study design, participants completed two separate visits, each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred (Pref) or non-preferred (Non-pref). During each visit, participants completed a 3 min standardized cycling warm-up at 50 Watts while listening to Pref or Non-pref music. Following this, participants completed 3 × 15 s Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnTs) with a 2 min active recovery period in between tests. Motivation to exercise was measured immediately following the warm-up (WU), WAnT1, WAnT2, and WAnT3. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was also measured after each WAnT. Each visit was separated by a minimal recovery period of 48 h. Mean power, total work, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. Mean power (p = 0.044; d = 0.91) and total work (p = 0.045; d = 0.78) were significantly higher during the Pref music condition versus Non-pref. RPE remained unchanged regardless of condition (p = 0.536; d = 0.01). Motivation was significantly higher with Pref warm-up music compared to Non-pref (p < 0.001; d = 1.55). These results show that listening to Pref warm-up music has an ergogenic benefit during repeated sprints in comparison to Non-pref music and improves motivation to exercise. Listening to warm-up music prior to high-intensity repeated exercise may aid in optimizing performance and training in collegiate athletes.

Modeling the blood lactate kinetics at maximal short-term exercise conditions in children, adolescents, and adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Matthias Hütler ◽  
Marcus Jung ◽  
Renate M. Leithäuser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Blood Compartment ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Anaerobic Test

Whether age-related differences in blood lactate concentrations (BLC) reflect specific BLC kinetics was analyzed in 15 prepubescent boys (age 12.0 ± 0.6 yr, height 1.54 ± 0.06 m, body mass 40.0 ± 5.2 kg), 12 adolescents (16.3 ± 0.7 yr, 1.83 ± 0.07 m, 68.2 ± 7.5 kg), and 12 adults (27.2 ± 4.5 yr, 1.83 ± 0.06 m, 81.6 ± 6.9 kg) by use of a biexponential four-parameter kinetics model under Wingate Anaerobic Test conditions. The model predicts the lactate generated in the extravasal compartment (A), invasion ( k1), and evasion ( k2) of lactate into and out of the blood compartment, the BLC maximum (BLCmax), and corresponding time (TBLCmax). BLCmax and TBLCmax were lower ( P < 0.05) in boys (BLCmax 10.2 ± 1.3 mmol/l, TBLCmax 4.1 ± 0.4 min) than in adolescents (12.7 ± 1.0 mmol/l, 5.5 ± 0.7 min) and adults (13.7 ± 1.4 mmol/l, 5.7 ± 1.1 min). No differences were found in A related to the muscle mass (AMM) and k1 between boys (AMM: 22.8 ± 2.7 mmol/l, k1: 0.865 ± 0.115 min−1), adolescents (22.7 ± 1.3 mmol/l, 0.692 ± 0.221 min−1), and adults (24.7 ± 2.8 mmol/l, 0.687 ± 0.287 min−1). The k2 was higher ( P < 0.01) in boys (2.87 10−2 ± 0.75 10−2 min−1) than in adolescents (2.03 × 10−2 ± 0.89 × 10−2 min−1) and adults (1.99 × 10−2 ± 0.93 × 10−2 min−1). Age-related differences in the BLC kinetics are unlikely to reflect differences in muscular lactate or lactate invasion but partly faster elimination out of the blood compartment.

scholarly journals Does caffeine supplementation alter energy contribution during a work-based ~30 min cycling time-trial?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-481
Author(s):  
Gabriel Barreto ◽  
Rafael Pires da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Yamaguchi ◽  
Luana Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Vitor de Salles Painelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Time

Caffeine has been shown to increase anaerobic energy contribution during short-duration cycling time-trials (TT) though no information exists on whether caffeine alters energy contribution during more prolonged, aerobic type TTs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine supplementation on longer and predominantly aerobic exercise. Fifteen recreationally-trained male cyclists (age 38±8 y, height 1.76±0.07 m, body mass 72.9±7.7 kg) performed a ~30 min cycling TT following either 6 mg·kg-1BM caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) supplementation, and one control (CON) session without supplementation, in a double- -blind, randomised, counterbalance and cross-over design. Mean power output (MPO) was recorded as the outcome measure. Respiratory values were measured throughout exercise for the determination of energy system contribution. Data were analysed using mixed-models. CAF improved mean MPO compared to CON (P=0.01), and a trend towards an improvement compared to PLA (P=0.07); there was no difference in MPO at any timepoint throughout the exercise between conditions. There was a main effect of Condition (P=0.04) and Time (P<0.0001) on blood lactate concentration, which tended to be higher in CAF vs. both PLA and CON (Condition effect, both P=0.07). Ratings of perceived exertion increased over time (P<0.0001), with no effect of Condition or interaction (both P>0.05). Glycolytic energy contribution was increased in CAF compared to CON and PLA (both P<0.05), but not aerobic or ATP-CP (both P>0.05). CAF improved aerobic TT performance compared to CON, which could be explained by increased glycolytic energy contribution.

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