scholarly journals Response of Nitrogen Losses to Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Intensive Greenhouse Vegetable Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Xuyong Li ◽  
Yan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Nitric Oxide Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) is of scientific and public concern because of its significance to international environmental sustainability. We conducted a meta-analysis using 1174 paired observations from 69 publications on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on the nitrogen losses on a broad scale. We found that the increase in nitrogen loss is much higher than that in production gain caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer: nitrate leaching (+187.5%), ammonium leaching (+28.1%), total nitrogen leaching (+217.0%), nitrous oxide emission (+202.0%), ammonia emission (+176.4%), nitric oxide emission (+543.3%), yield (+35.7%) and nitrogen uptake (+24.5%). Environmental variables respond nonlinearly to nitrogen fertilizer application, with severe nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission when the application rate exceeds 570 kg N/ha and 733 kg/N, respectively. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield growth decreases when the application rate exceeds 302 kg N/ha. Appropriate reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application rate substantially mitigates the environmental cost, for example, decreasing nitrate leaching (−32.4%), ammonium leaching (−6.5%), total nitrogen leaching (−37.3%), ammonia emission (−28.4%), nitrous oxide emission (−38.6%) and nitric oxide emission (−8.0%), while it has no significant effect on the nitrogen uptake and yield.

scholarly journals Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Nitrous Oxide Emission in Oil Palm Plantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Izzati Mat Akhir ◽  
Faradiella Mohd Kusin ◽  
Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff ◽  
Muhamad Awang ◽  
Zulfa Hanan Ash’aari
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment of Nitrous Oxide Offsets in a Cap and Trade Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ribaudo ◽  
Jorge Delgado ◽  
Michael Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Nitrate Losses

Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that is emitted from cropland treated with nitrogen fertilizer. Reducing such emissions through nutrient management might be able to produce offsets for sale in a cap and trade program aimed at reducing greenhouse gases. We use the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Program (NLEAP) model and data from the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey to examine what changes in rate, timing, or method of application a farmer would take to produce offsets. We find that reducing the application rate is the most favored approach for producing offsets. We also find that some management choices may increase nitrate losses to water.

scholarly journals Does Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate to Corn Affect Nitrous Oxide Emissions from the Rotated Soybean Crop?

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
David C. Mitchell ◽  
Daniel W. Barker ◽  
Fernando Miguez ◽  
John E. Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

scholarly journals Quantifying N2O emissions from intensive grassland production: the role of synthetic fertilizer type, application rate, timing and nitrification inhibitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. BELL ◽  
J. M. CLOY ◽  
C. F. E. TOPP ◽  
B. C. BALL ◽  
A. BAGNALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ipcc Default

SUMMARYIncreasing recognition of the extent to which nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes to climate change has resulted in greater demand to improve quantification of N2O emissions, identify emission sources and suggest mitigation options. Agriculture is by far the largest source and grasslands, occupying c. 0·22 of European agricultural land, are a major land-use within this sector. The application of mineral fertilizers to optimize pasture yields is a major source of N2O and with increasing pressure to increase agricultural productivity, options to quantify and reduce emissions whilst maintaining sufficient grassland for a given intensity of production are required. Identification of the source and extent of emissions will help to improve reporting in national inventories, with the most common approach using the IPCC emission factor (EF) default, where 0·01 of added nitrogen fertilizer is assumed to be emitted directly as N2O. The current experiment aimed to establish the suitability of applying this EF to fertilized Scottish grasslands and to identify variation in the EF depending on the application rate of ammonium nitrate (AN). Mitigation options to reduce N2O emissions were also investigated, including the use of urea fertilizer in place of AN, addition of a nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and application of AN in smaller, more frequent doses. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured from a cut grassland in south-west Scotland from March 2011 to March 2012. Grass yield was also measured to establish the impact of mitigation options on grass production, along with soil and environmental variables to improve understanding of the controls on N2O emissions. A monotonic increase in annual cumulative N2O emissions was observed with increasing AN application rate. Emission factors ranging from 1·06–1·34% were measured for AN application rates between 80 and 320 kg N/ha, with a mean of 1·19%. A lack of any significant difference between these EFs indicates that use of a uniform EF is suitable over these application rates. The mean EF of 1·19% exceeds the IPCC default 1%, suggesting that use of the default value may underestimate emissions of AN-fertilizer-induced N2O loss from Scottish grasslands. The increase in emissions beyond an application rate of 320 kg N/ha produced an EF of 1·74%, significantly different to that from lower application rates and much greater than the 1% default. An EF of 0·89% for urea fertilizer and 0·59% for urea with DCD suggests that N2O quantification using the IPCC default EF will overestimate emissions for grasslands where these fertilizers are applied. Large rainfall shortly after fertilizer application appears to be the main trigger for N2O emissions, thus applicability of the 1% EF could vary and depend on the weather conditions at the time of fertilizer application.

Modeling the Effects of Fertilizer Application Rate on Nitrous Oxide Emissions

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Grant ◽  
E. Pattey ◽  
T. W. Goddard ◽  
L. M. Kryzanowski ◽  
H. Puurveen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

scholarly journals The potential importance of soil denitrification as a major N loss pathway in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Qasim ◽  
Yiming Zhao ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Haofeng Lv ◽  
Shan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Deep Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable Production

Abstract Background About 30 % of vegetables in China are produced in intensively managed greenhouses comprising flood irrigation and extreme rates of nitrogen fertilizers. Little is known about denitrification N losses. Methods Soil denitrification rates were measured by the acetylene inhibition technique applied to anaerobically incubated soil samples. Four different greenhouse management systems were differentiated: Conventional flood irrigation and over-fertilization (CIF, 800 kg N ha−1, 460 mm); CIF plus straw incorporation (CIF+S, 889 kg N ha−1, 460 mm); Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer application rates (DIF, 314 kg N ha−1, 190 mm); DIF plus straw incorporation (DIF+S, 403 kg N ha−1, 190 mm). Soil denitrification was measured on nine sampling dates during the growing season (Feb 2019-May 2019) for the top-/ subsoil (0 – 20/ 20- 40 cm) and on three sampling dates for deep soils (40-60/ 80-100 cm). Data was used to constrain N-input-output balances of the different vegetable production systems. Results Rates of denitrification were at least one magnitude higher in topsoil than in sub- and deep soils. Total seasonal denitrification N losses for the 0 – 40 cm soil layer ranged from 76 (DIF) to 422 kg N ha−1 (CIF+S). Straw addition stimulated soil denitrification in top- and subsoil, but not in deep soil layers. Integrating our denitrification data (0-100 cm) with additional data on N leaching, N2O emissions, plant N uptake, and NH3 volatilization showed, that on average 50 % of added N fertilizers are lost due to denitrification. Conclusions Denitrification is likely the dominant environmental N loss pathway in greenhouse vegetable production systems. Reducing irrigation and fertilizer application rates while incorporating straw in soils allows the reduction of accumulated nitrate.

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