A Multicriteria Planning Framework to Locate and Select Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) in Consolidated Urban Areas

The implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) is increasing due to their advantages, which transcend runoff control. As a result, it is important to find the appropriate SUDS locations to maximize the benefits for the watershed. This study develops a multiscale methodology for consolidated urban areas that allows the analysis of environmental, social, and economic aspects of SUDS implementation according to multiple objectives (i.e., runoff management, water quality improvements, and amenity generation). This methodology includes three scales: (a) citywide, (b) local, and (c) microscale. The citywide scale involves the definition of objectives through workshops with the participation of the main stakeholders, and the development of spatial analyses to identify (1) priority urban drainage sub-catchments: areas that need intervention, and (2) strategic urban drainage sub-catchments: zones with the opportunity to integrate SUDS due the presence of natural elements or future urban redevelopment plans. At a local scale, prospective areas are analyzed to establish the potential of SUDS implementation. Microscale comprises the use of the results from the previous scales to identify the best SUDS placement. In the latter scale, the SUDS types and treatment trains are selected. The methodology was applied to the city of Bogotá (Colombia) with a population of nearly seven million inhabitants living in an area of approximately 400 km2. Results include: (a) The identification of priority urban drainage sub-catchments, where the implementation of SUDS could bring greater benefits; (b) the determination of strategic urban drainage sub-catchments considering Bogotá’s future urban redevelopment plans, and green and blue-green corridors; and (c) the evaluation of SUDS suitability for public and private areas. We found that the most suitable SUDS types for public areas in Bogotá are tree boxes, cisterns, bioretention zones, green swales, extended dry detention basins, and infiltration trenches, while for private residential areas they are rain barrels, tree boxes, green roofs, and green swales.

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Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Sci ◽

10.3390/sci2020046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Guri Venvik ◽

Floris C. Boogaard

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Portable Xrf ◽

Potential Toxic Elements ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Urban Drainage Systems

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) such as swales are designed to collect, store and infiltrate a large amount of surface runoff water during heavy rainfall. Stormwater is known to transport pollutants, such as particle-bound Potential Toxic Elements (PTE), which are known to often accumulate in the topsoil. A portable XRF instrument (pXRF) is used to provide in situ spatial characterization of soil pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), zink (Zn) and copper (Cu). The method uses pXRF measurements of PTE along profiles with set intervals (1 meter) to cover the swale with cross-sections, across the inlet, the deepest point and the outlet. Soil samples are collected, and the In-Situ measurements are verified by the results from laboratory analyses. Stormwater is here shown to be the transporting media for the pollutants, so it is of importance to investigate areas most prone to flooding and infiltration. This quick scan method is time and cost-efficient, easy to execute and the results are comparable to any known (inter)national threshold criteria for polluted soils. The results are of great importance for all stakeholders in cities that are involved in climate adaptation and implementing green infrastructure in urban areas. However, too little is still known about the long-term functioning of the soil-based SuDS facilities.

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Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Sci ◽

10.3390/sci2020034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Guri Venvik ◽

Floris C. Boogaard

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Portable Xrf ◽

Potential Toxic Elements ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Urban Drainage Systems

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) such as swales are designed to collect, store and infiltrate a large amount of surface runoff water during heavy rainfall. Stormwater is known to transport pollutants, such as particle-bound Potential Toxic Elements (PTE), which are known to often accumulate in the topsoil. A portable XRF instrument (pXRF) is used to provide in situ spatial characterization of soil pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), zink (Zn) and copper (Cu). The method uses pXRF measurements of PTE along profiles with set intervals (1 m) to cover the swale with cross-sections, across the inlet, the deepest point and the outlet. Soil samples are collected, and the In-Situ measurements are verified by the results from laboratory analyses. Stormwater is here shown to be the transporting media for the pollutants, so it is of importance to investigate areas most prone to flooding and infiltration. This quick scan method is time and cost-efficient, easy to execute and the results are comparable to any known (inter)national threshold criteria for polluted soils. The results are of great importance for all stakeholders in cities that are involved in climate adaptation and implementing green infrastructure in urban areas. However, too little is still known about the long-term functioning of the soil-based SuDS facilities.

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Return period assessment of urban pluvial floods through modelling of rainfall–flood response

Journal of Hydroinformatics ◽

10.2166/hydro.2018.133 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 829-845 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Damian Murla Tuyls ◽

Søren Thorndahl ◽

Michael R. Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Return Period ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Return Periods ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Flood Impacts ◽

Urban Drainage Systems ◽

Flood Estimation ◽

Flood Response ◽

The Impact

Abstract Intense rainfall in urban areas can often generate severe flood impacts. Consequently, it is crucial to design systems to minimize potential flood damages. Traditional, simple design of urban drainage systems assumes agreement between rainfall return period and its consequent flood return period; however, this does not always apply. Hydraulic infrastructures found in urban drainage systems can increase system heterogeneity and perturb the impact of severe rainfall response. In this study, a surface flood return period assessment was carried out at Lystrup (Denmark), which has received the impact of flooding in recent years. A 35 years' rainfall dataset together with a coupled 1D/2D surface and network model was used to analyse and assess flood return period response. Results show an ambiguous relation between rainfall and flood return periods indicating that linear rainfall–runoff relationships will, for the analysed case study, be insufficient for flood estimation. Simulation-based mapping of return periods for flood area and volume has been suggested, and moreover, a novel approach has been developed to map local flood response time and relate this to rainfall characteristics. This approach allows to carefully analyse rainfall impacts and flooding response for a correct flood return period assessment in urban areas.

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Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Sci ◽

10.3390/sci2020021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guri Venvik ◽

Floris C. Boogaard

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Portable Xrf ◽

Potential Toxic Elements ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Urban Drainage Systems

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) such as swales are designed to collect, store and infiltrate a large amount of surface runoff water during heavy rainfall. Stormwater is known to transport pollutants, such as particle-bound Potential Toxic Elements (PTE), which are known to often accumulate in the topsoil. A portable XRF instrument (pXRF) is used to provide in situ spatial characterization of soil pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), zink (Zn) and copper (Cu). The method uses pXRF measurements of PTE along profiles with set intervals (1 m) to cover the swale with cross-sections, across the inlet, the deepest point and the outlet. Soil samples are collected, and the In-Situ measurements are verified by the results from laboratory analyses. Stormwater is here shown to be the transporting media for the pollutants, so it is of importance to investigate areas most prone to flooding and infiltration. This quick scan method is time and cost-efficient, easy to execute and the results are comparable to any known (inter)national threshold criteria for polluted soils. The results are of great importance for all stakeholders in cities that are involved in climate adaptation and implementing green infrastructure in urban areas. However, too little is still known about the long-term functioning of the soil-based SuDS facilities.

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Hydrodynamic Characterization of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) by Using Beerkan Infiltration Experiments

Water ◽

10.3390/w11040660 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 660 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sofia Bouarafa ◽

Laurent Lassabatere ◽

Gislain Lipeme-Kouyi ◽

Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Water Retention Curve ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Hydrodynamic Behavior ◽

Infiltration Capacity ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Urban Drainage Systems ◽

The Impact

Stormwater management techniques in urban areas, such as sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS), are designed to manage rainwater through an infiltration process. In order to determine the infiltration capacities of different SuDS and to identify their unsaturated hydraulic properties, measurements with the Beerkan method (i.e., single ring infiltration tests) were carried out on four types of common infiltration structures in an urban zone of Lyon (France): A drainage ditch with an underlying storage structure, a parking lot with a waterproof pavement that transfers runoff water toward the ditch, a vegetated hollow core slab, and an embankment of a grass-covered garden that was used as a reference for rainwater infiltration capacity. The novelty of this study lies in the use of three Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters (BEST) algorithms: BEST-slope, BEST-intercept, and BEST-steady to analyze infiltration data. The BEST methods are based on the analysis of the infiltration rate from transient to steady-state flow. They allow the determination of both shape and scale parameters of the soil water retention curve h(θ) and the hydraulic conductivity curve K(θ). The three BEST methods are efficient and simple for hydraulic characterization of SuDS. The study of the hydrodynamic behavior of the four structures revealed the infiltration inefficiency of some of them. Their average infiltration rates are considerably lower than the reference infiltration rain garden. The results confirmed the impact of some physical conditions, such as pore structure modification due to invasive vegetation colonization and the presence of soil organic matter, on soil hydrodynamic behavior degradation.

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Flood forecasting within urban drainage systems using NARX neural network

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.409 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (9) ◽

pp. 2401-2412 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yves Abou Rjeily ◽

Oras Abbas ◽

Marwan Sadek ◽

Isam Shahrour ◽

Fadi Hage Chehade

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Water Depth ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Storm Event ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Depth Variation ◽

Urban Drainage Systems ◽

Structural Failures ◽

Narx Neural Network

Abstract Urbanization activity and climate change increase the runoff volumes, and consequently the surcharge of the urban drainage systems (UDS). In addition, age and structural failures of these utilities limit their capacities, and thus generate hydraulic operation shortages, leading to flooding events. The large increase in floods within urban areas requires rapid actions from the UDS operators. The proactivity in taking the appropriate actions is a key element in applying efficient management and flood mitigation. Therefore, this work focuses on developing a flooding forecast system (FFS), able to alert in advance the UDS managers for possible flooding. For a forecasted storm event, a quick estimation of the water depth variation within critical manholes allows a reliable evaluation of the flood risk. The Nonlinear Auto Regressive with eXogenous inputs (NARX) neural network was chosen to develop the FFS as due to its calculation nature it is capable of relating water depth variation in manholes to rainfall intensities. The campus of the University of Lille is used as an experimental site to test and evaluate the FFS proposed in this paper.

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THE POTENTIAL FOR GREEN ROOFS IN SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.res.2016.11 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. J. M. Davis ◽

A. C. Tapia

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Peak Loads ◽

Urban Drainage Systems ◽

Surface Water Runoff

Urban environments tend to lack the capacity to absorb water from precipitation. This is due to vegetated surfaces being replaced by impermeable ones, such as concrete, bitumen or similar. As a result problems can occur, where a period of heavy rainfall coincides with sudden increases in surface water runoff. This in turn can lead to a city’s sewerage system becoming overloaded. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), are recognized worldwide as a successful manner by which to mitigate this phenomenon. One of the principal components of SUDS are permeable areas in an urban setting, which have the ability to absorb and retain rainfall that would otherwise flow as surface runoff. To date there has been little research into what the effect of a massive increase in green roofs would have for cities in Ecuador. As a developing country, it is not uncommon for cities’ sewerage systems to suffer collapse when faced with sudden rainfall peak loads. It is suggested in this paper, that instead of looking to implement costly sewerage expansion programs, it would be more cost effective to implement city scale green roof systems. The paper sets out to quantify the theoretical effect of such an initiative.

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Scenarios for redesigning an urban drainage system to reduce runoff frequency and restore stream ecological condition

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2007.053 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. R. Ladson ◽

S. Lloyd ◽

C. J. Walsh ◽

T. D. Fletcher ◽

P. Horton

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Drainage System ◽

Ecological Condition ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Stormwater Treatment ◽

Impervious Surfaces ◽

Stream Health ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Urban Drainage Systems

Monitoring the hydrochemical efficiency of urban stormwater treatment devices is not straightforward as the traditional, automated, In urban areas, efficient drainage of impervious surfaces means that polluted stormwater is frequently delivered to streams. Commonly, catchment urbanization can increase runoff frequency by a factor of 10 or more, as the effective imperviousness - the proportion of the catchment that consists of impervious surfaces drained to streams - is increased. This causes a decline in stream health. To decrease runoff frequency, effective imperviousness must be reduced. This requires urban drainage systems to be redesigned, using techniques such as infiltration and rainwater harvesting, so that stormwater from small rain events is not piped directly to streams but instead is infiltrated, reused or retained. We have developed scenarios that explore alternative urban drainage systems appropriate for a small partly urbanised catchment in Melbourne’s east. These scenarios incorporate, biofiltration basins, swales and dual purpose rainwater tanks that supply water for householders. Our results suggested that sufficient reductions in effective imperviousness and runoff frequency are possible to achieve improvements in stream health.

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Portable XRF Quick-Scan Mapping for Potential Toxic Elements Pollutants in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: A Methodological Approach

Sci ◽

10.3390/sci2030064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Guri Venvik ◽

Floris C. Boogaard

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Portable Xrf ◽

Potential Toxic Elements ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Urban Drainage Systems

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) such as swales are designed to collect, store and infiltrate a large amount of surface runoff water during heavy rainfall. Stormwater is known to transport pollutants, such as particle-bound Potential Toxic Elements (PTE), which are known to often accumulate in the topsoil. A portable XRF instrument (pXRF) is used to provide in situ spatial characterization of soil pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), zink (Zn) and copper (Cu). The method uses pXRF measurements of PTE along profiles with set intervals (1 m) to cover the swale with cross-sections, across the inlet, the deepest point and the outlet. Soil samples are collected, and the In-Situ measurements are verified by the results from laboratory analyses. Stormwater is here shown to be the transporting media for the pollutants, so it is of importance to investigate areas most prone to flooding and infiltration. This quick scan method is time and cost-efficient, easy to execute and the results are comparable to any known (inter)national threshold criteria for polluted soils. The results are of great importance for all stakeholders in cities that are involved in climate adaptation and implementing green infrastructure in urban areas. However, too little is still known about the long-term functioning of the soil-based SuDS facilities.

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Flexible Urban Drainage Systems

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2010.072 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. Eckart ◽

H. Sieker ◽

K. Vairavamoorthy

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Background ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Technical Literature ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

Generic Framework ◽

Operational Life ◽

Urban Drainage Systems ◽

The One ◽

Definition Of ◽

Flexibility Options

Urban drainage systems are influenced by several future drivers, which affect the performance as well as the costs of the systems. The review of the different future drivers for urban drainage systems illustrates, that no sufficient future predictions for the long operational life span of the systems are possible. To deal with these future uncertainties flexible urban drainage systems are required. The paper combines different analysis of the authors, to ascertain first insights about flexible urban drainage systems. In the present technical literature profound insights about definition, measurement and generation of flexibility for urban drainage systems are missing. Hence the theory of flexibility from other disciplines is transferred to the field of urban drainage. A theoretical basis for flexible urban drainage systems is presented. The thematic priority is the generation of flexibility options for urban drainage systems. On the one hand in an analysis it is verified, that decentralised urban drainage systems offer a higher flexibility than conventional drainage systems. On the other hand a generic framework for the planning and measurement of flexibility options of urban drainage systems in individual cases is presented. The paper illustrates, that a transfer of the general theoretical background of flexibility to the field of urban drainage systems is possible. A definition of flexibility, metrics for the measurement of flexibility and a framework for the identification of flexibility options are substantiated for urban drainage systems. Therewith a basis for the implementation of flexible urban drainage systems is offered.

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