scholarly journals Self-Employment Dynamics of Immigrants and Natives: Individual-level Analysis for the Canadian Labour Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6671
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Amjad Naveed ◽  
Rayhaneh Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Amber Naz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
State Dependence ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Employment Dynamics ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
Government Provision ◽  
Labour Market Discrimination

This paper analyses the dynamic transitions of self-employment in four states of the Canadian labour market (paid-employment, self-employment, unemployment, and being out of the labour force) by answering three core questions: (1) What are the determinants of the transitions into and out of the four labour market states? (2) Are the probabilities of transitions between immigrants and natives significantly different, and if so, are they due to entry–exit rate gaps between immigrants and natives? (3) What are the proportions of spurious and structural state dependence in the labour market states of immigrants and natives? Our analysis was based on longitudinal data from Canada’s Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) for males aged 25 to 55 for the period 1993 to 2004. Our results revealed that immigrants rather than natives are relatively more likely to be self-employed during the unemployment period. The findings also confirmed that males with positive investment income or wealth tended to be largely self-employed. From a policy perspective, the government provision of financial support towards self-employment positively benefits natives in seeking self-employment opportunities. Government policies to lessen labour market discrimination promotes the self-employment of immigrants.

scholarly journals Have British Jews fully assimilated in the UK Labour Market?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Nabil Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
The Uk

<p class="pagecontents"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper analyses the patterns of occupational attainment and earnings among the Jewish community in Britain using UK Labour Force Survey data (2002-2010). The findings suggest that although British-Jews cannot be distinguished from the majority main stream population of British-White in terms of their overall occupational attainment and earnings, it seems that they have managed to integrate through patterns of self-employment and concentration in the service sector economy, particularly in banking and financial services. It is argued that this self-employment profile is a Jewish strategy used to minimise dependency on majority group employers and by doing so to helping to escape any religious penalties.</span></p>

scholarly journals Self-Employment and Labour Market Transitions in New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Shao ◽  
Mallika Kelkar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Market Transitions

Self-employment in New Zealand has been trending up in the past two years, following subdued growth between 2000 and 2010. Self-employed people made up 11.3% of total employed in the year to March 2012 (251,800 workers), compared with 10.1% in the year to March 2010. Self-employment is defined in this paper as those people operating their own business without employees. The paper explores time series trends in self-employment, in particular across three post-recession periods. Characteristics of self-employed workers are also identified. This paper also investigates movements in and out of self-employment in order to understand the recent growth in this type of employment. The analysis uses longitudinal Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) data. The HLFS provides official measures of a range of labour market indicators, including the number of people employed, unemployed and not in the labour force.

scholarly journals Immigrants and Immigration Policy in Ageing Finland

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Anna Łobodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
The Government

Immigrants and Immigration Policy in Ageing Finland The paper addresses the issue of current immigration to Finland in the context of population ageing. It is estimated that about 40% of the present labour force will have withdrawn from the Finnish labour market by the year 2020. The government of this rapidly ageing country is seeking possible remedies to the problem of a shrinking labour force. The necessity of attracting a new workforce as well as the growing number of immigrants in the ethnically homogeneous Finnish society create a need for more detailed and creative immigration policy. The paper analyzes the age and economic structure of the immigrant population, its participation in the labour market as well as the importance of immigration in contemporary demographic changes in Finland. Another aim of this paper is to outline major issues concerning Finnish immigration policy.

scholarly journals Job separation rates of immigrants and natives in the UK during the Great Recession

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036-1054
Author(s):  
Dafni Papoutsaki
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the probability of job separations of immigrants and natives in the UK before and during the economic crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach A mixed proportional hazard duration model with a semi-parametric piecewise constant baseline hazard is used on a data sample of inflows into employment. Findings It is found that the crisis increased the probability of exits to unemployment for all groups, while immigrants from the new countries of the European Union seemed to have the lowest hazard towards unemployment even after controlling for their demographic and labour market characteristics. More specifically, even when we account for the fact that they tend to cluster in jobs that are most vulnerable to the business cycle, they are still less likely to exit dependent employment than natives. However, this migrant group is adversely affected by the crisis the most. Research limitations/implications Possible implications of out-migration of the lower performers are discussed. Originality/value This paper makes use of the panel element of the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey, and uses duration analysis on the individual level to assess the labour market outcomes of natives and immigrants in the UK.

scholarly journals Employers Size Wage Differential: Does Investment in Human Capital Matter?

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (4II) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Mueen Nasir ◽  
Nasir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Government ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Wage differential due to employer size is one of the key areas of interest in labour market research because a strong positive relationship between employer size and wages has been observed in developed and developing countries. It is, however, relatively neglected area of research in Pakistan. The purpose of present study is to investigate the employer size wage differential by looking at human capital factors. The study is based on standard methodology and estimates earning functions on Labour Force Survey (LFS) data for year 2007-08. Results clearly show that human capital investment has a bigger role in determining wages in the larger firms as compared to smaller firms. The main policy implications emanating from the analysis are the higher investment in skill which increases opportunities for workers in the labour market for higher wages and for jobs with good characteristics especially in large sized firms. The government policy towards education and skill formation needs serious reforms and better allocation of funds so that people get chance to enhance their skill level hence wages. JEL classification: J31, J40, J24 Keywords: Wage Differential, Human Capital, Labour Market

Green Jobs and Renewable Electricity Policies: Employment Impacts of Ontario's Feed-in Tariff

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Böhringer ◽  
Nicholas J. Rivers ◽  
Thomas F. Rutherford ◽  
Randall Wigle
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Green Jobs ◽  
The Government ◽  
Feed In Tariff ◽  
Employment Impacts

Abstract Policy makers justify renewable energy promotion policies partly on the grounds that such policies have positive employment impacts. We apply a computable general equilibrium model to assess the labour market impacts of the feed-in tariff policy used by the Government of Ontario. We find that although the policy is successful at increasing the employment in the `green' sectors of the economy, the policy is also likely to increase the rate of unemployment in the province, and to reduce overall labour force participation. We conclude that policies designed to promote renewable energy should be promoted for the sake of their environmental impacts, not for their labour market effects.

scholarly journals Dualisation versus targeting? Public transfers and poverty risks among the unemployed in Germany and Great Britain

2020 ◽  
pp. 000169932097474
Author(s):  
Jan Brülle
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Unemployed

The paper analyses changes in the generosity of public transfers to the unemployed and their effectiveness for the alleviation of poverty risks in Germany and Great Britain between the 1990s and the 2000s. In the light of changing poverty risks among the unemployed, the contribution of policy changes is assessed using individual-level data on household incomes. The results indicate that the introduction and expansion of the tax credit programmes in Britain led to an increase of public transfers especially for those with low household market incomes and thereby also improved the effectiveness of transfers in combating poverty. In Germany, the generosity of transfers to the unemployed hardly changed over time, whereas the effectiveness of transfers to prevent households from falling into poverty declined. This can be explained by changes in the composition of the unemployed by recent labour force participation and household market incomes. As former labour market insiders are consistently better protected from poverty than former outsiders, the results confirm the stratified nature of unemployment protection in Germany, albeit no significant trend towards increasing dualisation in public benefits is found. Thus, the results do not support notions of a fundamental shift of the system of unemployment protection with respect to the generosity of transfers in Germany but emphasise the importance of changes in the German labour market.

Who are solo self-employed women? Analysis of the trends and characteristics of solo self-employed women in Ireland 2003–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Lauren Bari
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Freelance Work

Abstract Solo or ‘freelance’ self-employment is becoming a more popular form of self-employment in the labour market. In some jurisdictions such as the UK, this growth is being attributed to rising numbers of women – and women with children in particular - seeking the flexibility and autonomy of freelance work as a response to shortages of flexibility in wage-and-salaried employment. Yet little is known about how these trends might be occurring in Ireland and who might be represented in this small but growing cohort of workers. This research uses Labour Force Survey data to explore trends in female solo self-employment in Ireland between 2003 and 2019 and key variables are drawn upon to develop a profile of this underexplored labour market group. The analysis highlights that while growth in solo self-employment rates has been slow and numbers still relatively small, it is increasingly made up of highly educated and professional women in relatively high-paid sectors opting for flexible working arrangements.

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