scholarly journals ANN for Assessment of Energy Consumption of 4 kW PV Modules over a Year Considering the Impacts of Temperature and Irradiance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Alblawi ◽  
M. H. Elkholy ◽  
M. Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Tracking Model ◽  
One Year

Solar energy is considered the greatest source of renewable energy. In this paper, a case study was performed for a single-axis solar tracking model to analyze the performance of the solar panels in an office building under varying ambient temperatures and solar radiation over the course of one year (2018). This case study was performed in an office building at the College of Engineering at Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. The office building was supplied with electricity for a full year by the designed solar energy system. The study was conducted across the four seasons of the studied year to analyze the performance of a group of solar panels with the total capacity of a 4 kW DC system. The solar radiation, temperature, output DC power, and consumed AC power of the system were measured using wireless sensor networks (for temperature and irradiance measurement) and a signal acquisition system for each hour throughout the whole day. A single-axis solar tracker was designed for each panel (16 solar panels were used) using two light-dependent resistors (LDR) as detecting light sensors, one servo motor, an Arduino Uno, and a 250 W solar panel installed with an array tilt angle of 21°. Finally, an artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to estimate energy consumption, according to the dataset of AC load power consumption for each month and the measurement values of the temperature and irradiance. The relative error between the measured and estimated energy was calculated in order to assess the accuracy of the proposed ANN model and update the weights of the training network. The maximum absolute relative error of the proposed system did not exceed 2 × 10−4. After assessment of the proposed model, the ANN results showed that the average energy in the region of the case study from a 4 kW DC solar system for one year, considering environmental impact, was around 8431 kWh/year.

Preliminary results on the determination of solar energy potential using LiDAR technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Szabó ◽  
P. Enyedi ◽  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
I. Fazekas ◽  
T. Buday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Potential Surfaces ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Automatic Data

According to the challenge of the reduction of greenhouse gases, the structure of energy production should be revised and the increase of the ratio of alternative energy sources can be a possible solution. Redistribution of the energy production to the private houses is an alternative of large power stations at least in a partial manner. Especially, the utilization of solar energy represents a real possibility to exploit the natural resources in a sustainable way. In this study we attempted to survey the roofs of the buildings with an automatic method as the potential surfaces of placing solar panels. A LiDAR survey was carried out with 12 points/m2 density as the most up-to-date method of surveys and automatic data collection techniques. Our primary goal was to extract the buildings with special regard to the roofs in a 1 km2 study area, in Debrecen. The 3D point cloud generated by the LiDAR was processed with MicroStation TerraScan software, using semi-automatic algorithms. Slopes, aspects and annual solar radiation income of roof planes were determined in ArcGIS10 environment from the digital surface model. Results showed that, generally, the outcome can be regarded as a roof cadaster of the buildings with correct geometry. Calculated solar radiation values revealed those roof planes where the investment for photovoltaic solar panels can be feasible.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Optimization in Irrigation Networks Supplied by a Standalone Direct Pumping Photovoltaic System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pardo ◽  
Juan Manzano ◽  
Diego García
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Irrigation Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization ◽  
Programming Software ◽  
Schedule Type

Due to the fact that irrigation networks are water and energy-hungry and that both resources are scarce, many strategies have been developed to reduce this consumption. Otherwise, solar energy sources have become a green alternative with lower energy costs and, as a consequence, lower environmental impacts. In this work, it is proposed a new methodology to select the scheduled program for irrigation which minimizes the number of photovoltaic solar panels to be installed and which better fits energy consumption (calculated for discrete potential combinations; using a programming software to assist) to available energy obtained by panels without any power conditioning unit. So, the irrigation hours available to satisfy the water demands are limited by sunlight, the schedule type of irrigation has to be rigid (rotation predetermined) and the pressure at any node has to be above the minimum pressure required by standards. A real case study has been performed.

scholarly journals Estimating the Optimum Tilt Angles for South-Facing Surfaces in Palestine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Salameh Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Horizontal Surface ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The optimum tilt angle of solar panels or collectors is crucial when determining parameters that affect the performance of those panels. A mathematical model is used for determining the optimum tilt angle and for calculating the solar radiation on a south-facing surface on a daily, monthly, seasonal, semi-annual, and annual basis. Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) and Photovoltaic Software (PVWatts) is developed by the NREL (US National Renewable Energy Laboratory) are also used to calculate the optimum monthly, seasonal, semi-annual, and annual tilt angles and to compare these results with the results obtained from the mathematical model. The results are very similar. PVGIS and PVWatts are used to estimate the solar radiation on south-facing surfaces with different tilt angles. A case study of a mono-crystalline module with 5 kWP of peak power is used to find out the amount of increased energy (gains) obtained by adjusting the Photovoltaic (PV) tilt angles based on yearly, semi-annual, seasonal, and monthly tilt angles. The results show that monthly adjustments of the solar panels in the main Palestinian cities can generate about 17% more solar energy than the case of solar panels fixed on a horizontal surface. Seasonal and semi-annual adjustments can generate about 15% more energy (i.e., it is worth changing the solar panels 12 times a year (monthly) or at least 2 times a year (semi-annually). The yearly optimum tilt angle for most Palestinian cities is about 29°, which yields an increase of about 10% energy gain compared to a solar panel fixed on a horizontal surface.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Solar Collectors Installation on a Roof of the Small Public Building in Poland, Lithuania and Spain—A Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk ◽  
Mirosław Żukowski ◽  
Antonio Rodero ◽  
Ruta Bilinskiene
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Solar Collectors

A solar collector market is most European countries is at the stage of continuous development, however its expansion rate differs. It shows that much more factors than only the local solar radiation is important, including a technology progress, costs, local manufactures’ engagement, an economic government support or an environmentally consciousness raising relevant to a mitigating climate change. We conducted the analysis for a public office building, with a few toilets and a social room, used by 54 people. As a primary heat source for HVAC and DHW systems an oil boiler was used, whereas solar collectors were considered as an energy source for hot water preparation. The analysis was conducted for three locations of the building: Bialystok (Poland), Cordoba (Spain) and Kaunas (Lithuania), using a simulation software delivered within the framework of VIPSKILLS project. Theoretical hot water consumption was considered as 3–7 dm3/(day person) in compliance with national recommendations. It was found that beam solar radiation share in a total radiation balance was nearly twice higher in Cordoba than in Bialystok or Kaunas. The highest efficiency (44%) was estimated in Cordoba for solar collectors installed with the tilt angle between 45–50°. In case of Bialystok and Kaunas the efficiency was lower than in Cordoba and nearly equal 40–41% and the recommended tilt angle was in a range 30– 45°.

RESIDENTIAL SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR PUBLIC DISSEMINATION: A CASE STUDY IN CONCEPCIÓN, CHILE

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo García Alvarado ◽  
Lorena Troncoso ◽  
Pablo Campos
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Residential Units

This paper presents a method for estimating the solar capture capacity of dwellings using the central urban area of Concepción, Chile, as a case study in order to promote self-generation of energy by residents. The method takes into account the growing domestic energy demand and the possibility of meeting this demand through integrated solar energy collection into buildings using different systems. The methodology considers a study of the potential incoming solar radiation on buildings according to their geographical location and the surrounding buildings. The capacity for solar capture is then estimated for different dwelling types according to their morphology. Subsequently, the energy contribution provided by different technologies (solar thermal, photovoltaic and hybrid) is identified in relation to the main average energy demands for electricity, water and space heating. Finally, systems for each dwelling are recommended in an urban map available online. The development is based on climate information, cartography, aerial photographs, surveys, housing models, technical standards, standardised calculations and dynamic simulations, implemented according to building layouts from an online Geographic Information System (GIS). The housing types are categorised in an urban map that relates household demands and the contribution of different solar energy systems. According to the estimates calculated, the residential units in the study offer sufficient solar capacity to supply between 40 and 60% of their energy consumption, especially in detached houses using roof-mounted hybrid systems.

Solar energy for air conditioning of an office building in a case study: Techno-economic feasibility assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 148-162
Author(s):  
Aziz Haffaf ◽  
Fatiha Lakdja ◽  
Djaffar Ould Abdeslam ◽  
Rachid Meziane
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Feasibility Assessment

EVALUATION OF SOLAR ENERGY AND SELECTION OF OPTIMAL TILT ANGLE OF SOLAR PANELS FOR CONDITIONS IN SYRIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
A. Ramadan ◽  
V. V. Elistratov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inclined Surface ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Selection Of

The article suggests the method for calculating the solar radiation on a horizontal surface of the territory of Syria which has been developed using the weather database of NASA and ArcGIS software to create the atlases of Syria. In order to compute the solar radiation on an inclined surface for Syria, the following steps were taken. Firstly, the method proposed by Liu and Jordan (1962) and developed by Klein (1977) was used and applied at a point with a latitude of 33º and a longitude of 36º in Syria to calculate the total average daily monthly and yearly solar radiation on an inclined surface and its components (direct, diffuse and ground reflected). Secondly, the annual and monthly values of the optimal tilt angle of the solar panels were determined. Thirdly, verification of reliability and accuracy of calculations was carried out. Finally, using the interpolation method (inverse distance weighted IDW) in ArcGIS, the method proposed was applied to 63 points that covered the territory of Syria. Thus, we developed an Atlas of Syria of solar radiation on an inclined surface which characterized by the optimal tilt angles of solar panels and the maximum annual solar radiation on an inclined surface under these angles. Solar Radiation Atlas of Syria shows that the annual optimal tilt angle of the solar panels varies in the range from 23º to 28º and the maximum average annual solar radiation on an inclined surface under these angles varies in the range from 1859 to 2069 kWh/m2·year. In addition, on the basis of the NASA meteorological database, we determined the average total gross (natural) potential of solar energy on optimal inclined surfaces in Syria which is 362.1·103 TWh per year.

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