scholarly journals Bootstrap ARDL Test on the Relationship among Trade, FDI, and CO2 Emissions: Based on the Experience of BRICS Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumei He ◽  
Ke-Chiun Chang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Xueping Li ◽  
Fangjhy Li
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

We used the Bootstrap Autoregressive Distributed Lagged Model (ARDL) method to test the relationship among BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries’ trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and CO2 emissions. We found that Brazil’s CO2 emissions and FDI have a cointegration relationship with the trade on the lag of one-period. Russia and India and CO2 emissions and trade have a cointegration relationship with FDI on the lag of one-period. In the long-term, Brazil’s FDI has a long-term causal relationship with the trade on the lag of one-period. The trade between Russia and India has a long-term causal relationship with FDI on the lag of one-period. Among other BRICS variables, Russian trade and FDI on the lag of one-period of CO2 emissions and FDI and CO2 emissions are on the lag of one-period on trade, which McNown et al. mentioned is the degeneration case #1 in their paper; while China’s trade and FDI on the lag of one-period of CO2 emissions is the country of degeneration case #2. When we examined short-term causality, we found that CO2 emissions showed a causal relationship with trade, while FDI and CO2 emissions were less pronounced. Trade has a positive causal relationship with FDI. These variables are different in different situations and in different countries. These results should be related to BRICS countries’ FDI, international trade development, and their different CO2 emission policies.

scholarly journals Bootstrap ARDL Test on the Relationship among Trade, FDI and CO2 Emissions: Based on the Experience of BRICS Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumei He ◽  
Ke-Chiun Chang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Xueping Li ◽  
Fangjhy Li
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

We used the Bootstrap ARDL method to test the relationship between the export trades, FDI and CO2 emissions of the BRICS countries. We found that China's foreign direct investment and the lag one period of CO2 emissions have a cointegration on exports. South Africa's foreign direct investment and CO2 emissions have a cointegration relationship with the lag one period of exports, and South Africa's the lag one period of exports and foreign direct investment have a cointegration relationship with the lag one period of CO2 emissions. But whether it is China or South Africa, these three variables have no causal relationship in the long-term. Among the variables of other BRICS countries, Russia is the only country showed degenerate case #1 in McNown et al. mentioned in their paper. When we examined short-term causality, we found that CO2 emissions and export trade showed a reverse causal relationship, while FDI and carbon emissions were not so obvious. Export trade has a positive causal relationship with FDI. Those variables are different from different situations and different countries.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Link between Economic Growth and Exports in Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Daouda Coulibaly ◽  
Fulgence Zran Goueu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between exports and economic growth in Côte d’Ivoire. In order to achieve this objective, annual data for the period 1960-2017 were tested by using the cointegration approach of Pesaran, Shin and Smith, including the causality test of Breitung and Schreiber. According to our analysis it is only exports that drive economic growth and not the opposite. Exports act positively and significantly on economic growth in the short term as well as in the long term. The causality test of Breitung and schreiber indicates a one-way long-run causal relationship ranging from exports to gross domestic product (GDP). All those results show that exports are a source of Ivorian economic growth.

scholarly journals International Application Model Short-Long Term Between GDP and Consumption : Case Study Indonesia

ECONOMICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Teguh Sugiarto ◽  
Ludiro Madu ◽  
Ahmad Subagyo ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Ardl Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY More recently, significant fluctuations in the Indonesian economy justify the need to pay more attention to this issue. In this case, the main purpose of this research is to know the relationship between two issues related to Indonesian macro economy called consumption and GDP for data period during 1967 until 2014. This study investigates the relationship between GDP variables and Indonesian consumption consumption variables using the test ARDL, cointegration and Granger causality. The result of the research can be concluded that, there is long-run equilibrium relationship between GDP and consumption with long-term ARDL model, 10% change of consumption will produce long-term change of 44% in GDP. It is not surprising that there is no short-run equilibrium relationship between GDP and consumption. 10% of consumption will result in a short-term ARDL model change of 95% in GDP. The variables and consumption of GDP are cointegrated in the long run significantly at lag interval 10, whereas the use of lag interval 1 and 5 is not credited in the long run. Using a cointegration test with lag interval 1, 5 and 10 indicates significant for all usage slowness. So it can be summarized in the context of GDP and coordinated short-term economic consumption for all the prevailing interval lags. concluded that long-term causality test results between GDP variables and significant consumption with time intervals 5 and 10. intervals 1, 15 and 20 have no long-term causality relationship between GDP variables and consumption variables. a short-term causal model. With lagging intervals of 1, 5, 10 and 15, there is a short-term causal relationship between the variable GDP and consumption. As for the use of delay interval 20 there is no causal relationship in the short term between the variable GDP and consumption in Indonesia.

An Empirical Research on the Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Carbon Dioxide Emission Intensity of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 951-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Ren ◽  
Shui Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Test Error ◽  
Emissions Intensity ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, the method of carbon emissions coefficient is used to have measured the total amount of CO2 emissions and to have calculated the CO2 emissions intensity of China from 1995-2010. The relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions intensity of China is also analyzed in the paper by means of cointegration test, error correction model and granger causality test. The results indicate that there is a long-term relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions intensity of China. Furthermore, the growth of FDI makes effect on CO2 emissions intensity of China, but CO2 emissions intensity of China doesnt make effect on the growth of FDI conversely.

scholarly journals Effect of Economic Growth, Industrialization, Population Growth, and Renewable Energy on CO2 Emissions in the Long and Short Term in ASEAN 5

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhy Satya Pratama ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to see the dynamic pattern of the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth, industrialization, population growth, and renewable energy in the long and short term in ASEAN 5 countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Singapore. ASEAN is a region of countries that have the potential for natural resources and high economic activity as well as being a strategic area in global trade flows. In addition, the ASEAN region, especially ASEAN 5, has a fairly rapid capacity and socio-economic activity so that its mobility is important to note. The VECM method is used to determine this objective by using panel data sourced from the Worldbank. The results of the analysis show that in the long term, population growth and consumption of renewable energy significantly affect CO2 emissions in the ASEAN 5 region. Meanwhile, in the short term, industrialization and consumption of renewable energy significantly affect CO2 emissions in the ASEAN region 5.

scholarly journals The effect of CO2 emissions in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Z Yusuf ◽  
Wardhiah ◽  
G Syamni ◽  
M J A Siregar ◽  
Y A Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ardl Model ◽  
The Government

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effect of the variable use of CO2 emission gas and export variables on Indonesia’s economic growth. The data used in this study are time series data from the two variables for the period 2004 to 2019. All data were obtained from the world bank and accessed through the www.data.worldbank.org. The data analysis method used in this study uses an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model approach. The ARDL model is used to examine the short-term and long-term effects of CO2 gas emission variables and export variables. The results of the study found that the variable use of CO2 emission gas in the short term had a positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. The export variable has a significant positive effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, in the long term, the variable use of CO2 emission gas and the export variable has no effect on Indonesia’s economic growth. This finding shows that Indonesia’s economic growth is still determined by exports, but in the long term the government must work harder to increase its exports. In addition, export activities must not lead to the use of excessive CO2 emissions.

Molecular biology of enzyme adaptations in higher eukaryotes

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal A. Hickey ◽  
Bernhard F. Benkel ◽  
Charalambos Magoulas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eukaryotic Genes ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
The Relationship

Multicellular eukaryotes have evolved complex homeostatic mechanisms that buffer the majority of their cells from direct interaction with the external environment. Thus, in these organisms long-term adaptations are generally achieved by modulating the developmental profile and tissue specificity of gene expression. Nevertheless, a subset of eukaryotic genes are still involved in direct responses to environmental fluctuations. It is the adaptative responses in the expression of these genes that buffers many other genes from direct environmental effects. Both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary patterns of change in the structure and regulation of such genes are illustrated by the sequences encoding α-amylases. The molecular biology and evolution of α-amylases in Drosophila and other higher eukaryotes are presented. The amylase system illustrates the effects of both long-term and short-term natural selection, acting on both the structural and regulatory components of a gene–enzyme system. This system offers an opportunity for linking evolutionary genetics to molecular biology, and it allows us to explore the relationship between short-term microevolutionary changes and long-term adaptations.Key words: gene regulation, molecular evolution, eukaryotes, Drosophila, amylase.

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