scholarly journals Assessment of Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Due to Tropical Cyclones in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Elvia Aida Marín-Monroy ◽  
Víctor Hernández Trejo ◽  
Miguel Angel Ojeda Ruiz de la Pena ◽  
Gerzain Avilés Polanco ◽  
Nuñez León Barbara
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerable Households ◽  
High Degree

Climate change will increase the likelihood of adverse events such as droughts, forest fires, and intensification of tropical cyclones, which are known to cause flooding (IPCC, 2014). The effects of these events are a cause of concern for both authorities and citizens, so they prioritize actions that reduce adverse impacts, especially in cities with higher risk. Therefore, the objective of this work was to measure the degree of socio-environmental vulnerability of households to identify the risk areas in the city of La Paz, Baja California Sur, one of the regions with a high degree of incidence of hurricanes in the northwest of Mexico. For this, surveys were carried out with heads of households in 251 homes, and information was aggregated to calculate the vulnerability index through principal components analysis (PCA), which were stratified by the Dalenius–Hodges method, the degree of vulnerability was classified into three categories by the Opiyo method, considering three strata of the Likert scale, 1 = highly vulnerable, 2 = moderately vulnerable, 3 = less vulnerable. The results showed that households that are in the highly vulnerable category are 33% within a range of the index −3.77243 to −0.939141. Moderately vulnerable households constitute 36% with values from −0.929141 to 0.956385. While the least vulnerable represent 31% of households with an index range of 0.966385 to 5.6952. The results have revealed the levels of high and moderate socio-environmental vulnerability by tropical cyclones of 69% homes in La Paz. The above allowed to generate risk maps that will be taken into account in planning and civil protection over adverse events.

scholarly journals Vulnerability and Risk Factors due to Tropical Cyclones in Coastal Cities of Baja California Sur, Mexico

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Elvia Aida Marín-Monroy ◽  
Víctor Hernández-Trejo ◽  
Eleonora Romero-Vadillo ◽  
Antonina Ivanova-Boncheva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Tourist Region

Coastal cities have seen an unprecedented growth with regional settlements due to development activities; that is why measures are needed to mitigate risk of adverse events such as tropical cyclones. Baja California Sur, a state known as a relevant ecological and tourist region, includes destinations such as Cabo San Lucas and La Paz, impacted yearly by tropical cyclones, so it is important to design contingency plans and provide available information to the residents. Los Cabos municipality has the highest population growth rate and its inhabitants are more susceptible to adverse events; despite this, there were no indicators of social and ecological vulnerability to risk effects of tropical cyclones. The objective of this research is to calculate the socio-environmental vulnerability of households through an index to identify risk factors. We have obtained a classification according to levels of vulnerability, and the results have shown that 74% of the households are high on the vulnerability scale, 21% of households are moderately vulnerable and only the remaining 5% of households are less vulnerable. In conclusion, the devastating effects of hydrometeorological events were mainly due to a lack of knowledge regarding such events among inhabitants.

scholarly journals Integrated Runoff-Storm Surge Flood Hazard Mapping Associated with Tropical Cyclones in the Suburbs of La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

GeoHazards ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Imaz-Lamadrid ◽  
Jobst Wurl ◽  
Ernesto Ramos-Velázquez ◽  
Jaqueline Rodríguez-Trasviña
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Baja California ◽  
The State ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Floods are amongst the most frequent and destructive type of disaster, causing significant damage to communities. Globally, there is an increasing trend in the damage caused by floods generated by several factors. Flooding is characterized by the overflow of water onto dry land. Tropical cyclones generate floods due to excess water in rivers and streams and storm surges; however, the hazard of both phenomena is presented separately. In this research we present a methodology for the estimation of flood hazards related to tropical cyclones, integrating runoff and storm surge floods. As a case study, we selected the south-western suburbs of the city of La Paz, the capital of the state of Baja California Sur in northwest Mexico. The city has experienced in recent years an expansion of the urban area. In addition, there is an infrastructure of great importance such as the transpeninsular highway that connects the capital with the north of the state, as well as the international airport. Our results indicate that urban areas, agricultural lands, as well as the air force base, airport, and portions of the transpeninsular highway are in hazardous flood areas, making necessary to reduce the exposure and vulnerability to these tropical cyclone-related events. A resulting map was effective in defining those areas that would be exposed to flooding in the face of the impact of tropical cyclones and considering climate change scenarios, which represents an invaluable source of information for society and decision-makers for comprehensive risk management and disaster prevention.

Género, institucionalismo y marginalidad: la gestión del agua de uso doméstico como desafío para el empoderamiento de las mujeres. El caso de la ciudad de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

2018 ◽  
pp. 175-199
Author(s):  
Lorella Castorena Davis ◽  
Arely Madai Martínez Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Las Mujeres

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la persistencia de la división tradicional del trabajo doméstico. La escasa valoración de las actividades de reproducción de la vida, como la maternidad, y el cuidado y atención a otras personas, sumada a condiciones de marginalidad, derivan en un incremento de las cargas de trabajo y reducen las probabilidades de empoderamiento de las mujeres. Asimismo la mala distribución de recursos como el agua, junto con su escasez y deficiente calidad, se tornan en obstáculos para alcanzar la igualdad de género. El vínculo teórico entre género, institucionalismo y marginalidad, así como la selección del caso de estudio, representan los aportes más relevantes de este trabajo, en tanto permiten mostrar el impacto que el funcionamiento de la institución encargada de la distribución del agua tiene sobre las mujeres, en la medida que refuerza el hábito y la norma cultural que las responsabiliza de resolver el abasto de agua al interior de sus hogares. Se analiza la problemática de género que enfrentan mujeres jefas de familia respecto al agua de uso doméstico en cinco colonias marginadas de la ciudad de La Paz, en las que se aplicó un total de 42 cuestionarios gracias a los cuales se concluyó que las mujeres jefas de hogares marginados además de la sobrecarga de trabajo doméstico y de cuidados derivados del abasto insuficiente y deficiente de agua que provee el organismo operador, deben enfrentar los costos derivados tanto del conjunto de diligencias cotidianas que realizan para garantizar que el agua que reciben alcance para satisfacer sus necesidades mínimas, como del gasto que representa el consumo de agua embotellada proveniente de las plantas purificadoras locales o de barrio.

scholarly journals Evaluación de los recursos de radiación solar en los municipios de Baja California Sur, México, mediante un modelo de aptitud socioambiental

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. e1296
Author(s):  
Pedro Daniel Molina Pfennig ◽  
Arturo González-Baheza
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
La Red

El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar el índice de aptitud de los municipios de Baja California Sur para la instalación de concentradores fotovoltaicos. La metodología propone un modelo de aptitud que incorpora seis indicadores socioambientales explícitos en términos espaciales con asignación de su contribución diferenciada o pesos por medio de análisis multicriterio. Los resultados muestran que la irradiación horizontal anual promedio en Baja California Sur es de 6.19 kW h/m2/día en el periodo 1998-2014. De la superficie total en el estado, 5.25% es viable para la instalación de concentradores fotovoltaicos. Comondú, Mulegé y La Paz presentaron los mayores valores de aptitud. Los indicadores predominantes del modelo son la red carretera, la red eléctrica y las zonas con pendientes de ˂4°. El estudio se limitó a analizar la influencia de los indicadores socioambientales en la ubicación de sistemas de concentradores fotovoltaicos. La metodología podría replicarse en otras regiones para facilitar la toma de decisiones. Los resultados sugieren que los tres municipios de Baja California Sur mencionados son los más favorables en términos socioambientales para la instalación de dichos concentradores.

Creole cattle from northwestern Mexico has high genetic diversity in the locus DRB3.2

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
I.G. Fernández ◽  
I. Leyva-Baca ◽  
F. Rodríguez-Almeida ◽  
R. Ulloa-Arvizu ◽  
J.G. Ríos-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Baja California ◽  
The State ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Creole Cattle ◽  
Northwestern Mexico

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of creole cattle in northwestern Mexico using the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). A total of 56 creole cattle were sampled from five communities; in the state of Chihuahua (Cerocahui, Guadalupe y Calvo and Cuauhtémoc) and in the state of Baja California Sur (La Paz and Mulegé). The BoLA-DRB3.2 locus was genotyped by PCR-RFLP assay. Thirty-nine alleles were identified, out of which 14 had not been previously reported. The average level of inbreeding in all populations analyzed wasFIS= 0.09 (P< 0.0001), but only two populations (Cerocahui and Guadalupe y Calvo) showed an excess of homozygotes (P< 0.05). The breed differentiation in all populations studied wasFSC= 0.068 (P< 0.0001). The smallest genetic distance was between La Paz and Mulegé (0.022); but Mulegé presented smaller distances (0.028–0.053) with the populations of La Paz (0.071–0.083) and with Chihuahua. Baja California Sur populations are grouped in a separate branch than Chihuahua populations. We conclude that creole cattle from Baja California Sur and Chihuahua show high genetic diversity in the locus BoLA-DRB3.2.

Composición botánica del matorral sarcocaule en Baja California Sur durante las estaciones húmeda y seca

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (61) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Junco Carlón ◽  
Humberto Gonzalez Rodriguez ◽  
Jose Angel Armenta Quintana ◽  
Israel Cantu Silva ◽  
Andres Eduardo Estrada Castillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Turnera Diffusa ◽  
Para Determinar

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la composición florística del matorral sarcocaule del desierto sonorense en un área de 800 ha dentro de una propiedad ejidal ubicada en los límites de la ciudad de La Paz, Baja California Sur. El muestreo se realizó durante la época de lluvias (septiembre-noviembre de 2018) y a finales de la épocade sequía (mayo-agosto de 2019), por medio de 20 cuadrantes de 5 m × 5 m. Se identificaron 29 especies de 1 634 individuos, entre las dos temporadas y se consideraron las variables de altura y diámetro de copa de cada ejemplar por especie, para determinar abundancia (Ar), dominancia (Dr), frecuencia (Fr), índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y los índices de Shannon para la diversidad de especies (H´) e índice de Margalef para la riqueza de especies (S´). Durante la época de lluvias, se observó a Jatropha cinerea como dominante Dr=7.15 % y con mayor IVI (10.7 %);  Turnera diffusa fue la más abundante con Ar=3.2. En cambio, para la temporada seca, fue Prosopis articulata la especie dominante Dr=9.29 y con mayor IVI (12.51 %); Mammillaria armillata fue la más abundante, con Ar=4.56. Los índices de (H’) y (S’) durante la época de lluvias fueron 3.36 y 8.09, respectivamente, con diferencia entre ellos (p≤0.05) al compararlos con los de la temporada seca (2.88 y 4.88, respectivamente), debido a la ausencia de taxones y disminución del número de individuos, en relación con la época húmeda.

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