scholarly journals A Multi-commodity Network Flow Model for Sustainable Performance Evaluation in City Logistics: Application to the Distribution of Multi-tenant Buildings in Tokyo

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Rémy Dupas ◽  
Eiichi Taniguchi ◽  
Jean-Christophe Deschamps ◽  
Ali G. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Network Flow ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Current State ◽  
Transport Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Consolidation

The distribution of goods in crowded city centers is a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a methodology for evaluating the performance of a parcel distribution network in city logistics. This methodology encompasses the main entities of a two-tier distribution system made up of carriers, huge shopping centers (multi-tenant buildings) and intermediate depots (urban consolidation centers), as well as the parcel flows between them. This methodology aims to optimize the transport flows (distance traveled) of a given distribution network while also quantifying the impact in terms of sustainable development by measuring gas emissions. Two different states of the network with different connectivity degrees are evaluated and compared: the current state of the network as well as its future state. The transport network modeling is based on a network flow, which is expressed in linear programming and implemented with an optimization solver. The validation of this methodology is based on the parcel distribution of the Multi-tenant Buildings of the city of Tokyo. The findings are that the network with greater connectivity between the entities brings significant traveled distance reduction as well as a reduction of emissions of CO2. Another finding is that the grouping of the parcels (i.e., pooling) brings a reduction of the distance traveled compared to the transport organization without grouping and contributes to a reduction in the number of trucks.

scholarly journals Sustainable Electric Vehicle Transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12379
Author(s):  
Raymond Kene ◽  
Thomas Olwal ◽  
Barend J. van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

The future direction of electric vehicle (EV) transportation in relation to the energy demand for charging EVs needs a more sustainable roadmap, compared to the current reliance on the centralised electricity grid system. It is common knowledge that the current state of electricity grids in the biggest economies of the world today suffer a perennial problem of power losses; and were not designed for the uptake and integration of the growing number of large-scale EV charging power demands from the grids. To promote sustainable EV transportation, this study aims to review the current state of research and development around this field. This study is significant to the effect that it accomplishes four major objectives. (1) First, the implication of large-scale EV integration to the electricity grid is assessed by looking at the impact on the distribution network. (2) Secondly, it provides energy management strategies for optimizing plug-in EVs load demand on the electricity distribution network. (3) It provides a clear direction and an overview on sustainable EV charging infrastructure, which is highlighted as one of the key factors that enables the promotion and sustainability of the EV market and transportation sector, re-engineered to support the United Nations Climate Change Agenda. Finally, a conclusion is made with some policy recommendations provided for the promotion of the electric vehicle market and widespread adoption in any economy of the world.

scholarly journals The current state of urban soils in the core of Baku’s agglomeration

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
L. Gasimova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soils ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current State ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article presents the results of studies the soils of urban parks, gardens, roadside zones in the core of the agglomeration of Baku. The urban soils were studied as indicators of the ecological status of the city of Baku. The impact of soil condition on the green areas in seven districts of Baku has been evaluated.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Effect of Capacitor Banks Operation towards Total Harmonic Distortions (THD) in Distribution Network Test System

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila M.S. ◽  
Zaris I.M.Y. ◽  
Nasarudin A. ◽  
Faridah H.
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Test System ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Source Codes ◽  
The Impact

This paper purposely to examine and analyse the impact of the distribution capacitors banks operation to the transition of total harmonic distortion (THD) level in distribution network system. The main advantage of this work is the simplicity algorithm of the method and the system being analysed using free access open software which is known as electric power distribution system simulator (OpenDSS). In this paper, the harmonic current spectrum which is collected from the commercial site was injected to a node point on IEEE13 bus in order to provide the initial measurement of THD for the network. The proper sizing of the capacitors banks has been set and being deactivated and activated throughout the network to see the transistion in the THD level in the system. The results were achieved by simulation of the data on the configured IEEE13 bus. The simulation work was done by using the combination of C++ source codes, OpenDSS and Microsoft Excel software. From the output results, the THD current has increased up to two times from the initial value in certain phases and for the THD voltage, the THD has increased up to three times from its initial value in all phases.

Flexible Power Flow Algorithm for Distribution Network Including Second-Order Items

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 440-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhou ◽  
Ru Si Chen ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Xiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Network Flow ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Static Characteristic ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
Flow Algorithm

For intelligent distribution system including Distributed Generations, we take the generator and load static characteristic into account and propose a flexible power flow algorithm for distribution network including second-order items. First, this algorithm modifies the distribution network power flow equations including second-order items in order to meet the static characteristic of generator and load. Moreover, we use the fsolve function of MATLAB to solve the power flow equations. This algorithm makes full use of the characteristic of high accuracy of the distribution network flow equations including second-order items and good convergence of the fsolve function. Compared with conventional distribution power flow algorithm, it does not need to set the trend flexible node type of each one. Not only the voltage amplitude, phase information of each node and the system frequency information can be calculated, as well as the actual power of generator and loads. The result of the algorithm is more in line with the practical electric power system engineering. Improved IEEE33 node system is chosen to verify the correctness of the algorithm.

Simulation Analysis for the Impact of Voltage Distribution of Distribution System with Distributed Generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 732-733 ◽  
pp. 936-940
Author(s):  
Si Qing Sheng ◽  
Lin Tao Fan ◽  
Xiao Lin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
The Impact

From the angle of voltage distribution, the influence of DG on power network was studied, various access position and access capacity of DG were analyzed, and conclusion can be drew that DG can help optimize the voltage distribution in the power network. Besides, the output of photovoltaic and wind power was characterized by varying with time, and based on that, the voltage distribution was simulated when they were both connected in the same distribution network. According to the simulation result, some valuable principles and necessary procedures have been proposed.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of urbanization on consumer goods distribution networks

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kellner
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Minimal Network ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Distribution Logistics ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

PurposeDue to the growing percentage share of urban dwellers, the physical distribution of products faces altering conditions. This research explores the effects that urbanization has on the performance of a fast-moving consumer goods distribution network. A focus is set on changes in distribution cost, the cost-minimal network design, and greenhouse gas emissions.Design/methodology/approachThe analyses are based on a quantitative distribution network model of an existing manufacturer of consumer goods.FindingsThe results indicate that the foreseen population shift will affect the network's economic and environmental performance. Effects are, among others, due to differences in the efficiency of supplying urban and nonurban regions. The combined effects of urbanization and the development of the population size will even more affect the network's performance.Originality/valueResearch dealing with distribution logistics and urbanization primarily focuses on city logistics. In this paper, the object of analysis is the entire distribution system.

Spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of electric vehicle integration on Reykjavik's electrical system at the city and distribution system level

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 101145
Author(s):  
Kevin Joseph Dillman ◽  
Reza Fazeli ◽  
Ehsan Shafiei ◽  
Jón Örvar G. Jónsson ◽  
Hákon Valur Haraldsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
System Level ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Evaluation of Distributed Generation Impact on Reliability of a Distribution System using DIg SILENT Power Factory

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Distribution System Reliability ◽  
The Impact

As an effective supplement to the centralized fossil fuel based traditional generation, Distributed Generation (DG) has become an effective alternative choice and has been rapidly increasing since past few years due to growing demand for electricity and the new policies of governing bodies for usage of green energy. In overall power system, distribution systems are more vulnerable to faults and reliability aspects of such systems becomes an important issue. With higher penetration of DG into the distribution network, it will be necessary to study the impact of such generation on the various aspects of distribution system. Thus, increase in rate of penetration DGs into the distribution system on one side and increased faults in distribution network on another side, will make the study of impact of DG integration on distribution system reliability an interesting topic of research. The present work focuses on evaluation of impacts of integration of such DGs on reliability of local distribution network, typically in an urban scenario By using the simulation method using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, the impacts of integration of DG in terms of enhancement in distribution system reliability indices and reduction in system losses for different scenarios are studied and presented in this paper. Based on the simulation results obtained and after analysis of the distribution system, overall results are summarized by focusing on the installation of suitable capacity of DG and the location of DG which are important factors affecting the system losses and system reliability indices.

scholarly journals Investigation of The DGs Effect on The Coordination Between Protective Elements in Distribution Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Abdallah Reda ◽  
Prof. M.Farahat ◽  
Prof. Amal F.Abdelgawad ◽  
Associate Prof. A.T.M Taha
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Electric Network ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Impact

Addition of Distributed Generators (DGs) to the electric network have more advantages to the network. It improves the voltage profile and the power flow in the network. In the last decade, DGs is used in power system, especially the distribution system. Coordination study for protective devices must be performed on the distribution network with DGs to reach selectivity with minimum clearance time of fault. Due to DG insertion to the electric system, the short circuit level is changed and coordination between protective elements should be done. This paper presents a technique to avoid the miscoordination problem between protective devices due to the impact of DG units insertion without any additional costs. The proposed technique depend on activating and updating the setting of network relays to achieve correct coordination. Also, it doesn't need any additional costs or any additional equipement to be installed in the electric network. This paper make studies on a real radial system of power transformer with its feeders of a 66kV utility substation before and after adding DGs. ETAP software is used to simulate the network under study.

scholarly journals ‘There’s Nothing’: Unemployment, Attitudes to Work and Punitive Welfare Reform in Post-Crash Salford

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Jeffery ◽  
Dawn Devine ◽  
Peter Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Current State ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article explores attitudes and barriers to work, and the impact of punitive welfare reform in the City of Salford (Greater Manchester). Contextualising our discussion in relation to the contemporary landscape of inequality and social class in the UK, we draw attention to the trends towards the expansion of low-paid work, precarity, and stigmatisation, and highlight the need for more qualitative, geographically sensitive studies of how these phenomena are being played out. Describing the economic context of the City of Salford and the current state of its labour market, we then present the findings from qualitative interviews with a sample of low income, mostly working-class participants, who describe their orientations towards employment, perceptions of the labour market, barriers to employment and interactions with punitive welfare reform. Ultimately, we conclude by noting that both strategies of neoliberal statecraft aimed at the reduction of the charitable state described by Wacquant are at play in Salford and that their result is a discouragement from claiming welfare and a recommodification of labour.

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