scholarly journals Understanding the Impacts of Transboundary Waste Shipment Policies: The Case of Plastic and Electronic Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav Parajuly ◽  
Colin Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Policy Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Impact assessment is a part of the policy implementation cycle, which can support the design and implementation of effective policies at a minimum cost. It can be instrumental in understanding policy options available to tackle a particular issue before devising a policy and in analyzing the performance of already implemented policy instruments with respect to the desired goals. When it comes to environmental policies, demonstrating the worth and merit of any regulation is even more important. The knowledge gathered from the evaluation of existing policies can help improve the quality of new environmental policies. This paper analyzes policy impacts and their assessments related to the transboundary movement of waste. E-waste and plastic waste fractions are used as cases in order to study three associated policies and their impact assessments. Learnings from the analysis are summarized and measures for strengthening the impact assessment approaches are recommended based on the evidence from recent developments in the transboundary movement of waste fractions. Impact assessments of waste management and shipment policies could benefit from a more comprehensive but issue-oriented approach that looks beyond the short-term economic savings.

Colostomy irrigation (part 2): contraindications, barriers to uptake, adherence and nurse education

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Hayley Page
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Nursing Support ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Colostomy Irrigation ◽  
Faecal Continence ◽  
Peristomal Skin ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Postoperative Education

Colostomy irrigation (CI) involves instillation of water via the stoma into the colon, where it stimulates peristalsis, causing expulsion of stool and water from the stoma. CI allows colostomates to regain controlled evacuation and faecal continence. The first article considered the impact of CI on colostomates' quality of life, including flatus, odour and peristomal skin health, as well as psychological wellbeing. This second article explores the potential barriers to successfully adopting CI. The uptake of CI in the UK remains relatively low. CI is contraindicated in active disease, and there is debate about whether it is suitable in colostomates with stoma-related complications and of different ages. Barriers to uptake among stoma care nurses include misconceptions about safety, physician consent and cost, as well as issues relating to commencement time and the setting and pace of postoperative education. For colostomates, barriers to adherence include short-term issues that can be resolved with nursing support, as well as the time taken to perform irrigation and changes related to older age. Many of these barriers could be overcome with robust education programmes.

Outcomes

2013 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
David L. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Outcomes evaluate the impact of disease. In rheumatology they span measures of disease activity, end-organ damage, and quality of life. Some outcomes are categorical, such as the presence or absence of remission. Other outcomes involve extended numeric scales such as joint counts, radiographic scores, and quality of life measures. Outcomes can be measured in the short term—weeks and months—or over years and decades. Short-term outcomes, though readily related to treatment, may have less relevance for patients. Clinical trials focus on short-term outcomes whereas observational studies explore longer-term outcomes. The matrix of rheumatic disease outcomes is exemplified by rheumatoid arthritis. Its outcomes span disease activity assessments like joint counts, damage assessed by erosive scores, quality of life evaluated by disease-specific measures like the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) or generic measures like the Short Form 36 (SF-36), overall assessments like remission, and end result such as joint replacement or death. Outcome measures capture the impact of treating rheumatic diseases. They are influenced by disease severity and effective treatment. They also reflect many confounding factors. These include demographic factors like age, gender, and ethnicity and also deprivation, as poverty worsens outcomes. Comorbidities affect outcomes and patients with multiple comorbid conditions have worse quality of life with poorer outcomes. Patient self-assessment has grown in importance; it is simple and understandable. However, self-assessment can vary over time and does not always reflect assessors’ perspectives. Caution is needed comparing outcomes across units; the various confounding factors and measurement complexities make such comparative analyses challenging.

Research Subsidies and Innovation Improve Productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-48
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Economics Of Innovation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Edge Conditions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Policy Impacts ◽  
Productivity Modeling

Most productivities theorists agree that understanding the economics of innovation and technological change is central to understanding why some suppliers grow faster than other suppliers. The driving force behind recent developments in innovation models of productivity is a desire to incorporate quality. Incorporating quality of produced products without the addition of restrictive razor's edge conditions implies that policy impacts the productivity. This paper makes productivity modeling along the lines of Barro and Becker (1989) and models an array of government policies to demonstrate how some policies can impact productivity in a productivity model without the addition of restrictive razor's edge conditions. In the author's model government policies are categorized according to whether they have profits only, profits and productivity, or no impact on profits and/or productivity. The model also predicts that a research subsidy promotes long run productivity.

The impact assessment of Diwali fireworks emissions on the air quality of a tropical urban site, Hyderabad, India, during three consecutive years

2013 ◽  
Vol 185 (9) ◽  
pp. 7309-7325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Swamy Yerramsetti ◽  
Anu Rani Sharma ◽  
Nikhil Gauravarapu Navlur ◽  
Venkanna Rapolu ◽  
N. S. K. Chitanya Dhulipala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals On the implications of technological innovation for environmental policy

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W.H. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Policy Instruments ◽  
Induced Innovation ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

This paper draws on a number of recent studies to shed light on several policy issues raised by the impact of environmental policies on technological innovation. First, to what extent does induced innovation raise the overall net benefits to society from environmental policies? Second, how does induced innovation affect the appropriate choice among alternative environmental policy instruments? Third, how does it affect the optimal stringency of environmental regulations? Fourth, should environmental policies be supplemented with additional policies to promote innovation, such as research contracts or prizes for new technologies?

scholarly journals WHAT IS THE ROLE OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE LONG TERM?

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550006 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN BOND
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stated Goal ◽  
Generational Equity

This short paper makes the case that most impact assessment (IA) has sustainable development as the stated goal, but that it doesn't deliver sustainable outcomes. A key pillar of sustainable development is equity, both intra-generational (defined after Lamorgese and Geneletti (2013, p.119) as ensuring "equity of opportunity for everyone, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable members of the community and seek to create a good quality of life for everyone") and inter-generational equity (defined after Gibson et al. (2005, p. 235) as favouring "present options and actions that are most likely to preserve or enhance the opportunities and capabilities of future generations to live sustainably"). Notwithstanding the importance of intra-generational equity, this paper focuses on the problem that inter-generational equity presents to IA both because of the prevalence of short-term planning, and because approaches developed to deal with inherent uncertainty associated with impacts considered in the long term are overly resource intensive and therefore impractical. A research focus on IA processes that can deal with inter-generational impacts cost effectively might provide the basis on which to develop an IA tool that actually delivers on its stated goal and fits in with current decision-making norms.

Short-Term Impact of Cancer Prevention and Screening Activities on Quality of Life

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cullen ◽  
Marc D. Schwartz ◽  
William F. Lawrence ◽  
Joe V. Selby ◽  
Jeanne S. Mandelblatt
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Effects

Purpose There are few data on the short-term effects of participating in cancer prevention activities, undergoing genetic risk assessment, or having routine screening. The objective of this article is to systematically review existing research on short-term effects of prevention, genetic counseling and testing, and screening activities on quality of life. Methods We conducted a MEDLINE search for original research studies that were published between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 2002, and conducted in North America or Western Europe. Data were abstracted and summarized using a standardized format. Results We reviewed 210 publications. Most studies focused on psychological states (anxiety, depression), symptoms, or general health status. One hundred thirty-one studies used 51 previously validated noncancer instruments. Many researchers (12.6%) also added cancer-specific measures, such as perceived cancer risk or symptom indices. Only one study measured satisfaction or quality of provider-client communication. While one report examined lost workdays, no other economic consequences of short-term outcomes were evaluated. Among seven studies that assessed short-term outcomes preferences, only four specifically used time trade-off or linear rating scale methods. No study used standard gamble or willingness-to-pay methods. The overwhelming majority of research indicated that short-term effects were transient. Only two studies linked short-term effects to long-term cancer-related health behaviors such as repeat screening. Conclusion There is considerable heterogeneity in short-term outcome measurement. Clinicians need to be aware of potential for short-term, transient adverse effects. The impact of short-term experiences should to be linked to long-term health status and use of services.

The impact of short-term feeding of magnesium supplements on the quality of pork packaged in modified atmosphere

Meat Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Alonso ◽  
Laura Provincial ◽  
Mario Gil ◽  
Elena Guillén ◽  
Pedro Roncalés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document