scholarly journals How Much Lighting is Required to Feel Safe When Walking Through the Streets at Night?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Alina Svechkina ◽  
Tamar Trop ◽  
Boris A. Portnov
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Mobile Phone Application ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Difference

Public space lighting (PSL) is indispensable after the natural dark. However, little is known about how much PSL people actually need to feel sufficiently safe in different real-world urban settings. The present study attempts to answer this question by employing a novel real-time interactive approach, according to which, observers use a specially-designed mobile phone application to assess and report the perceived attributes of street lighting and the feeling of safety (FoS) it generates. To validate the proposed approach, a systematic survey was conducted in three cities in Israel—Tel Aviv-Yafo and Haifa, which lie on the Mediterranean coast, and Be’er Sheba, which lies inland. Additionally, instrumental PSL measurements were performed at the same locations. As the study reveals, the necessary level of illumination required by urban residents to feel safe differs by city and is significantly higher in Be’er Sheba, other factors held equal, in compare to Haifa and Tel Aviv-Yafo. This difference may be attributed to stronger daylight that the residents of the desert city of Be’er Sheba are accustomed to, and, therefore, may prefer stronger nighttime illumination. The difference could also be related to the relatively low socio-economic status and somewhat higher crime rates in the latter city. Findings also show a significant and positive association between FoS and instrumentally measured PSL levels, although this association exhibits diminishing returns. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to use an interactive location- and time-based mobile phone technology, which can potentially provide more accurate and reliable assessments, compared to traditional “pen and paper” survey techniques.

scholarly journals A quasi-experimental study on exploring the use of mobile phone technology for optimizing, tracking and responding to children's developmental progress in Korogocho, Nairobi, Kenya: study protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Patricia Kitsao Wekulo ◽  
Margaret Nampijja ◽  
Domnick O. Okullo ◽  
Kenneth O. Okelo ◽  
Milka Njeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Mobile Phone Application ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Quasi Experimental

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The massive use of technology can be leveraged to facilitate access to growth and development programs for children. Existing programs supporting such initiatives for children younger than three years are inadequate and not accessible to most families. In most cases, primary caregivers are unable to identify delayed milestones in their children’s growth and development due to inadequate information. They therefore often report the cases when they have become very severe and difficult to reverse. In order to promote early identification of possible developmental delays, African Population and Health Research Center together with Val Partners will develop, implement and evaluate the use of mobile phone technology to help caregivers track their children's developmental outcomes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study will employ a quasi-experimental design and will use a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies. In one arm, 110 caregivers will be trained on the use of a mobile phone application to assess child growth and development. The other arm, with 110 caregivers, will receive standard care provided by community health volunteers. Child developmental outcomes will be assessed in both arms. Feasibility of the intervention will be assessed qualitatively. Performance data will be compared across the two arms using mixed linear models to assess the effect of the intervention on child development.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings are expected to provide evidence on whether the intervention is feasible and has an effect on child developmental outcomes. The results will inform the scalability and sustainability of the project.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Trial Registration: </strong>The trial has been registered with the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org) database (ID number: PACTR201905787868050).<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Mobile Phone Application Developed for Measuring Dietary Fiber Intake

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ahlin ◽  
Ida Sigvardsson ◽  
Viktor Skokic ◽  
Rikard Landberg ◽  
Gunnar Steineck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Mobile Phone Application ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
The Difference

We have developed a mobile phone application for measuring the intake of dietary fiber and validated the ability of the application to accurately capture this intake against measurements registered by a dietary record. We also investigated what food groups contributed most to the total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber intake. Twenty-six randomly selected Swedish women aged 35–85 years were included and randomized to either start to register dietary intake in the application or by a dietary record, during three consecutive days. After a washout period of at least two weeks, the participants used the other method. We found that the difference in measured mean fiber intake between the dietary record and the application was two grams independent of the total intake per day. A statistically significant correlation between fiber intake as measured by the two methods was found (rho = 0.65, p < 0.001). Vegetables and roots were the predominantly contributing foods to total and soluble fiber intake. Bread and crackers contributed most to insoluble fiber intake. In conclusion, the application may be considered as a useful and easy-to-use method to measure dietary fiber intake.

scholarly journals Linking nighttime outdoor lighting attributes to pedestrians' feeling of safety: An interactive survey approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242172
Author(s):  
Boris A. Portnov ◽  
Rami Saad ◽  
Tamar Trop ◽  
Doron Kliger ◽  
Alina Svechkina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Mobile Phone Application ◽  
Temporal Factors ◽  
Survey Approach ◽  
Interactive User

Public space lighting (PSL) contributes to pedestrians’ feeling of safety (FoS) in urban areas after natural dark. However, little is known how different PSL attributes, such as illuminance, light temperature, uniformity and glare, affect people's FoS in different contextual settings. The present study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by developing a model linking different PSL attributes with FoS, while controlling for individual, locational, environmental and temporal factors. To develop such model, the study employs a novel interactive user-oriented method, based on a specially-designed mobile phone application–CityLightsTM. Using this app, a representative sample of observers reported their impressions of PSL attributes and FoS in three cities in Israel, following a set of predetermined routes and points. As the study shows, higher levels of illumination and uniformity positively affect FoS, while lights perceived as warm tend to generate higher FoS than lights perceived as cold. These findings may guide future illumination polices aimed at promoting energy efficiency while ensuring urban sustainability.

Mobile Phone Application for Supporting Persons with Higher Brain Dysfunctions

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-400
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Nakayama ◽  
Yuka Miyaji ◽  
Seishi Kato ◽  
Nobuhisa Sakurada ◽  
Noriyuki Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phone Application

Determinants of Aggregate Fertility in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-570
Author(s):  
Ghulam Yasin Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Fertility Behaviour ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Difference

Experiencing high fertility and declining mortality levels, the developing countries are today faced with the problem of relatively high rates of natural increase in their populations. This pace of growth in population, influenced by high fertility levels, impedes the overall development planning. As pointed out in a document prepared by the Planning Commission of Pakistan, 'A vicious circle is set in motion in which high fertility and socio-economic stagnation breed upon each other' [5]. In the developing countries, development programmes including birth control programmes are in operation. The sustained high fertility levels, therefore, call for more insights into the mechanisms operating in the society and influencing fertility. Studies of fertility behaviour are conducted at both micro and macro levels. The difference between micro and macro is a matter of emphasis rather than one of kind, and both approaches are concerned with each level of social aggregation. Macrolevel studies describe the level and pattern of change resulting from the ongoing socio-econornic development in the society as a whole and do not explain variations in fertility at the household level [12]. However, development programmes, which are implemented at aggregate levels defined by geographical boundaries, influence the population in terms of socio-economic status and fertility behaviour. There are many factors which affect human fertility individually or collectively. Attempts have been made to identify these factors, and conceptual frameworks have been developed to explain the causal hypotheses. In this context mention may be made of the demographic transition theory, which is often applied to study fertility behaviour.

The Idea of a Meaningful Synthesis of Marxist and Non-Marxist Systems of Political Economy as a Mirror of Intellectual Turmoil (About V.T. Ryazanov’s Book «Modern Political Economy: Prospects of Neo-Marxist Synthesis»)

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-98
Author(s):  
A.B. Lyubinin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Political Economic

Review of the monograph indicated in the subtitle V.T. Ryazanov. The reviewer is critical of the position of the author of the book, believing that it is possible and even necessary (to increase the effectiveness of General economic theory and bring it closer to practice) substantial (and not just formal-conventional) synthesis of the Marxist system of political economy with its non-Marxist systems. The article emphasizes the difference between the subject and the method of the classical, including Marxist, school of political economy with its characteristic objective perception of the subject from the neoclassical school with its reduction of objective reality to subjective assessments; this excludes their meaningful synthesis as part of a single «modern political economy». V.T. Ryazanov’s interpretation of commodity production in the economic system of «Capital» of K. Marx as a purely mental abstraction, in fact — a fiction, myth is also counter-argued. On the issue of identification of the discipline «national economy», the reviewer, unlike the author of the book, takes the position that it is a concrete economic science that does not have a political economic status.

The Role of Mobile Phone Technology in Resolving Communal Conflicts in Mandera County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim Eymoi ◽  
Patrick Mbataru
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Short Message Service ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Video Conferencing ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Message Service

The unprecedented global adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is rapidly changing the way people are communicating in solving problems. For several years now, the role of ICTs has become important in the way people construct their relationships in conflict resolution. Yet little is known on the dynamism of this interaction. It is not clear how mobile technology has contributed toward conflict resolution, and this study will contribute to the knowledge on the role of mobile telephones in conflict resolution. The purpose of this study was to explore how the mobile phone technology contributed in resolving communal conflicts in Mandera County, Kenya. This study was guided by three theories: conflict transformation theory, diffusion of innovations theory and social representation theory. The conflict Tansformation Theory is adopted as the main theory of analysis.  The main idea of this theory is transforming negative conflict into constructive conflict, deals with structural, behavioural and attitudinal aspects of conflict. This study adopted a descriptive survey. The population for this study consisted of 301 employees in ICT and security department where stakeholders in technology and security sectors and the public. Primary and secondary  data was analysed according to the objectives. Primary data was derived from questionnaires formulated to target employees in ICT and security department. The data analysis included qualitative and quantitative techniques.  Qualitative data was summarized and categorized according to common themes and was presented using frequency distribution tables, graphs and charts. Content analysis was used mostly to arrive at inferences through a systematic and objective identification of the specific messages. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results confirmed that short message service, social media plateform, instant messaging applications, and video conferencing play a role in resolving communal conflicts in Mandera County. The study concludes that Short Message Service, Social Media Platforms and Instant Messaging Applications can be used conflict such as communal conflicts. Video Conferencing can be used to solve conflict such as relationship conflict, arises from differences in personality, style, matters of taste, and even conflict style as well as conflict in the workplace like task conflict. County government of Mandera must come up with ways of incorporating mobile phone technologies such as Short Message Service, Social Media Platforms, Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing on matters conflict resolution. The study recommends that the County Government of Mandera in collaboration with the National Government need to come up with agencies to regulate the use of social media as a medium to communicate in times of conflict since they are sometimes prone to misuse.

Mobile Phone Technology to Increase Genetic Counseling for Women with Ovarian Cancer and Their Families

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Geller ◽  
Hee Y. Lee ◽  
Kristin Niendorf ◽  
Rachel I. Vogel ◽  
Heewon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology
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