Application of EZ–Enzyme in Bioremediation of Oily Sludge

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ho ◽  
Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Oily Waste

Sludge farming adalah cara biasa yang digunakan dalam loji penapisan petroleum untuk merawat sisa minyak yang mengandungi bahan berupaya terdegradasi kepada bahan yang tidak toksid terhadap kesihatan manusia dan alam sekitar. Sisa tersebut akan dibiarkan di atas tanah supaya terdegradasi secara semula jadi tetapi proses ini akan mengambil masa yang lama. Dalam kajian ini, sejenis enzim bernama Enzim EZ telah diuji untuk bioremediasi sampel sisa minyak dalam uji kaji yang berskala makmal. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat pengurangan secara konsisten untuk kandungan minyak dan gris dalam sampel yang diuji (secara rata ~ 60%). Kandungan tersebut berkurangan dengan meningkatnya kepekatan Enzim EZ. Kandungan minyak dan gris terdegradasi dengan paling banyak dalam sampel mengandungi 100 ppm Enzim EZ iaitu dari 8% ke 2% dalam eksperimen selama sembilan minggu. Secara umum, suhu dan pH dikekalkan pada keadaan optimum, iaitu 35°C dan pH 7. Kualiti air serapan yang dihasilkan juga telah menunjukkan peningkatan kualiti di akhir eksperimen, iaitu keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) ialah 25 mg/l dan pH ialah 6.45. Kata kunci: Bioremediasi, enzim, kandungan minyak dan gris, sludge farming Sludge farming is commonly used in petroleum refinery as a method of treatment for oily waste containing degradable constituents into materials that are not hazardous to human health or the environment. The sludge is left on a designated plot of land to be biodegraded naturally, but the process could take a considerable length of time. In this study, an enzyme known as EZ-Enzyme was tested to bioremediate the oily sludge sample in a laboratory scale experiment. Results shown that there was a consistent reduction in the oil and grease (O&G) content of the tested sludge (~ 60% in average). The O&G content decreased with increase in the concentration of enzyme. The O&G content in a sludge sample decreased the most with the application of 100 pm EZ-Enzyme, which decreased from 8% to 2% within a period of nine weeks. In general, the temperature and pH of the system were maintained at optimum condition, which were 35°C and pH 7 respectively. The quality of the leachate was also improved by the end of the study, where chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 25 mg/l and pH was 6.45 respectively. Key words: Bioremediation, enzyme, oil and grease content, sludge farming

scholarly journals Green Technology for Crude Oil Processed Water Treatment: A Practical Approach for Nigeria Petroleum Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassana Ibrahim Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Scale Experiment

Cleaner production is the key to environmental sustainability. Conversion of crude oil to various beneficial products is responsible for the contamination of air, water, and soil which are harmful to human, plants, animals, public health and the environment. Adequately treating produced water is beneficial for irrigation, wildlife consumption, industrial water and for domestic purposes. Therefore, green technology for treatment of crude oil processed water would provide the environmental friendliness needed for prolong utilization of our natural resources. Hence, the aim of this book chapter is to investigate the potentials of constructed wetland as a promising, effective and environmentally friendly alternative for secondary petroleum refinery wastewater treatment. Planted and unplanted mesocosm scale experiment with real secondary refinery wastewater was used for the purpose of the study. The parameters investigated were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, carbon oxygen demand, total petroleum hydrocarbon and oil and grease. The results revealed that Typha latifolia planted VSSF CWs effectively treated organic contaminants in secondary refinery wastewater with a better performance than the unplanted control VSSF CWs. The chromatographs for wastewater and T. latifolia samples showed a hydrocarbon distribution between n-C9 to n-C24 indicating abundance of lower weight hydrocarbon contamination.

scholarly journals BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL BY SLUDGE OIL USING THE BIOPILES AMELIORATED

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Eduardo Beraldo de Morais ◽  
Sâmia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo ◽  
Ana Paula De Arruda Geraldes Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Metabolic Activities

The bioremediation of contaminated soil by sludge oil from petroleum refinery using amended biopiles through bio-stimulation and/or bio-augmentation was objective of this work. Four biopiles were constructed as follows: B1. control; B2. Bio-supplemented with oil-sludge-degrading bacteria and fungus; B3. Bio-supplemented and bio-stimulated with nutrients (N and P); B4. Bio-supplemented and bio-stimulated with nutrients and rice husk. The study lasted 50 weeks and three different biodegradation stages were found during this period: an initial stage in which the reduction of oil and grease was greatest (up to 10 weeks); a stage with low biodegradation rates of the residue (10-30 weeks), and a late stage (30-50 weeks) in which it was observed an increase of the oily sludge biodegradation after the biopiles were covered with black plastic in thirtieth week. This procedure increased the internal temperature of biopiles and showed the importance of this parameter in the biodegradation process. The bio-stimulation using rice husk improved soil aeration and allowed the development of microorganisms added and increased their metabolic activities; consequently, the oil and grease removal was greater (79.1%). The bacteria and fungus added in biopiles B2 and B3 did not survive, so it is necessary to produce inoculum more competitive and adapted. The biopiles system proved to be a viable technology for the bioremediation of soil polluted by oily sludge from petroleum refinery and the bio-stimulation by addition of materials such as rice husk increases its efficiency.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Hydro-geochemical properties with respect to landuse in the southernmost river of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badusha M. ◽  
Santhosh S
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water

The hydro geochemical features of Neyyar River for a period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed. Six sampling sites were fixed considering physiography and present landuse pattern of the river basin. The residents in the drainage basin are primarily responsible for framing a better landuse and thereby maintain a good water and sediment regime. Geospatial pattern of the present landuse of the study area indicated that the sustainability of this river ecosystem is in danger due to unscientific landuse practices, which is reflected in the river quality as well. The parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, chloride, Biological Oxygen Demand, total hardness and sulphate of river water and Organic Carbon of river bed sediments were analyzed in this study. The overall analysis shows that the highland areas are characterized by better quality of water together with low organic carbon, which is mainly due to better landuse and minimal reclamation. The midland and lowland areas are characterized by poor quality of water with high organic carbon, which is due to high anthropogenic activities and maximum pollutants associated with the region together with the alteration in landuse from a traditional eco-friendly pattern to a severely polluted current pattern.

Side effects of cultured bacteria addition in wastewater collection system on plant operations – a case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjin Liu ◽  
Giraldo Eugenio
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Odor Control ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
Cultured Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Collection

Cultured bacteria addition is one of the technologies used for odor control and FOG (fat, oil, and grease) removal in wastewater collection systems. This study investigated the efficiency of bacterial addition on wastewater odor control by conducting a set of full scale trials in a 60,000 cubic meter per day system for a period of two years. The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify factors that could impact wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operations due to the effect of bacterial addition in the collection system, (ii) to estimate/understand the level of those impacts, and (iii) to present some interesting findings from the completed case study. The plant operation data before and during the bacterial addition were reviewed. The application of the cultured bacteria presented in the study was found to have significant impacts on the operation of the WWTP in terms of influent biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) loading, primary settling, sludge production, energy use, dissolved sulfides concentration, and methane production.

Non-steady variations of SOD and phosphate release rate due to changes in the quality of the overlying water

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Inoue ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Reactions ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Phosphate Release ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
The Difference

A dynamic model, which predicts non-steady variations in the sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and phosphate release rate, has been designed. This theoretical model consists of three diffusion equations with biochemical reactions for dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate and ferrous iron. According to this model, step changes in the DO concentration and flow velocity produce drastic changes in the SOD and phosphate release rate within 10 minutes. The vigorous response of the SOD and phosphate release rate is caused by the difference in the time scale of diffusion in the water boundary layer and that of the biochemical reactions in the sediment. Secondly, a negative phosphate transfer from water to sediment can even occur under aerobic conditions. This is caused by the decrease in phosphate concentration in the aerobic layer due to adsorption.

Eagle Syndrome: an underdiagnosed cause of orofacial pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238161
Author(s):  
João Ferreira de Barros ◽  
Maria Vieira Rodrigues ◽  
Leonor Aurélio Barroso ◽  
Isabel Cruz Amado
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Cervical Approach ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Eagle Syndrome (ES), also termed stylohyoid syndrome or styloid syndrome, is a rare condition characterised by a cluster of symptoms related to an elongation of the styloid process (SP) of the temporal bone. These may range from mild pharyngeal foreign body sensation and dysphagia to severe orofacial pain. High clinical suspicion is necessary owing to the unspecific clinical picture and limited diagnostic clues. Until a definitive diagnosis is achieved, these patients may develop symptoms which significantly impact their quality of life. The aim of this article is to report a case of ES in which a considerable length of SP was documented. Diagnosis was made years after the initial complaints and several medical workups by different specialties. Surgical resection of the elongated process by cervical approach was the adopted treatment modality. Patient recovery and follow-up was satisfactory, with remission of the afflicting symptoms.

scholarly journals Energy and Resource Utilization of Refining Industry Oil Sludge by Microwave Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6862
Author(s):  
Chien Li Lee ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Chih-Ju G. Jou
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Volatile Hydrocarbons ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Oil Tank

The oily sludge from crude oil contains hazardous BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) found in the bottom sediment of the crude oil tank in the petroleum refining plant. This study uses microwave treatment of the oily sludge to remove BTEX by utilizing the heat energy generated by the microwave. The results show that when the oily sludge sample was treated for 60 s under microwave power from 200 to 300 W, the electric field energy absorbed by the sample increased from 0.17 to 0.31 V/m and the temperature at the center of the sludge sample increased from 66.5 °C to 96.5 °C. In addition, when the oily sludge was treated for 900 s under microwave power 300 W, the removal rates were 98.5% for benzene, 62.8% for toluene, 51.6% for ethylbenzene, and 29.9% for xylene. Meanwhile, the highest recovery rates of light volatile hydrocarbons in sludge reached 71.9% for C3, 71.3% for C4, 71.0% for C5, and 78.2% for C6.

Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

The Effect of the Element of Ni on the Crack of Manual SHS Welding Joint

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
Bao Feng Li ◽  
Wen Tong Xin ◽  
Feng Wen Liu ◽  
Hai Hua Zhu ◽  
Qi Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Welding Joint

It is studied in this paper that in the manual SHS Welding, the amount of Ni added affects the quality of the welding, especially in view of the cracks. When the proportion of Ni is between 1.57％～7.86％, welding external appearances are in good condition. No welding cracks can be spotted. The strength of tension also reaches an optimum condition. When the proportion of Ni is 7.86％. there are internal cracks by the examination of machine. When the proportion of Ni is between 10.2% and 15.7%, there are obvious external and internal welding cracks and the strength of tension is also the lowest, about 193MPa.

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