A Cross-Scale Analysis of the Correlation between Daytime Air Temperature and Heterogeneous Urban Spaces

The problem of the urban thermal environment is becoming increasingly noticeable in the process of modern urban development. The temperature patterns in central business districts can be more complicated due to the heterogeneous urban spaces and diverse building forms, which need more cross-scale research. This study investigated the correlation between air temperature and urban morphology in a heterogeneous urban district in northeastern China. The thermal environment of the studied district in the summertime was simulated by ENVI-met. A total of 12 morphological indicators were selected to describe the geometric features of the studied district. Curve estimation was employed to quantify the correlation between air temperature and morphological indicators. The results indicate different effects of the morphological indicators of the air temperature on different scales. On a mesoscale, the compactness (Com), building footprint ratio (BFR), enclosure degree (ED) and total height to total floor area ratio (HA) had a significant correlation with the air temperature. On a microscale, only the BFR and ED had relatively steady correlations with the air temperature. The correlation between air temperature and morphological indicators could be influenced by the heterogeneity of the urban morphology, including the diversity of the heights and footprints of buildings and the irregularity of building horizontal arrangement.

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The Street Air Warming Phenomenon in a High-Rise Compact City

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos9100402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 402 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiaoxue Wang ◽

Yuguo Li ◽

Xinyan Yang ◽

Pak Chan ◽

Janet Nichol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Urban Climate ◽

Pollutant Dispersion ◽

Urban Morphology ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sensitivity Studies ◽

Weather Stations

The street thermal environment is important for thermal comfort, urban climate and pollutant dispersion. A 24-h vehicle traverse study was conducted over the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong in summer, with each measurement period consisting of 2–3 full days. The data covered a total of 158 loops in 198 h along the route on sunny days. The measured data were averaged by three methods (direct average, FFT filter and interpolated by the piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation). The average street air temperatures were found to be 1–3 °C higher than those recorded at nearby fixed weather stations. The street warming phenomenon observed in the study has substantial implications as usually urban heat island (UHI) intensity is estimated from measurement at fixed weather stations, and therefore the UHI intensity in the built areas of the city may have been underestimated. This significant difference is of interest for studies on outdoor air temperature, thermal comfort, urban environment and pollutant dispersion. The differences were simulated by an improved one-dimensional temperature model (ZERO-CAT) using different urban morphology parameters. The model can correct the underestimation of street air temperature. Further sensitivity studies show that the building arrangement in the daytime and nighttime plays different roles for air temperature in the street. City designers can choose different parameters based on their purpose.

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Study on Urban Thermal Environment based on Diurnal Temperature Range

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12971 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Guo ◽

Miaomiao Cheng

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Heat Island ◽

Near Surface ◽

Diurnal Range ◽

Urban Thermal Environment

Diurnal temperature range (includes land surface temperature diurnal range and near surface air temperature diurnal range) is an important meteorological parameter, which is a very important factor in the field of the urban thermal environmental. Nowadays, the research of urban thermal environment mainly focused on surface heat island and canopy heat island.Based on analysis of the current status of city thermal environment. Firstly, a method was proposed to obtain near surface air temperature diurnal range in this study, difference of land surface temperature between day and night were introduced into the improved temperature vegetation index feature space based on remote sensing data. Secondly, compared with the district administrative division, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the diurnal range of land surface temperature and near surface air temperature.The conclusions of this study are as follows:1 During 2003-2012s, the land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range of Beijing were fluctuating upward. The rising trend of the near surface air temperature diurnal range was more significant than land surface temperature diurnal range. In addition, the rise and decline of land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range in different districts were different. In the six city districts, the land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range in the six areas of the city were mainly downward. The decline trend of near surface air temperature diurnal range was more significant than land surface temperature diurnal range.2 During 2003-2012s, the land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range of Beijing with similar characteristics in spatial distribution, with higher distribution land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range in urban area and with lower distribution of land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range in the Northwest Mountainous area and the area of Miyun reservoir.

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Research on the Method of Working-Out near Ground Air Temperature Based on Low Altitude Remote Sensing Aerial Data

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.215 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 598 ◽

pp. 215-219

Author(s):

Xu Yuan ◽

Qing Lin Meng

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Brightness Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Object Surface ◽

Low Altitude ◽

Urban Thermal Environment ◽

The Relationship ◽

Working Out

In the thermal environment which influences people's life, air temperature 1.5m high is the most important and direct. Through remote sensing we can quickly get the object surface temperature. But the air temperature can’t be got through it directly. [1]If we can excogitate the method of working-out the air temperature 1.5m high from the altitude remote sensing aerial data, the relate research on the urban thermal environment will be convenient and efficient. This paper is written to research this method and analyze the feasibility by means of analysing the relationship between the radiation brightness temperature, the underlay surface temperature and the air temperature 1.5m high.

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Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Urban Morphological Indices on the Urban Thermal Environment of Zhengzhou, China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12081058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1058

Author(s):

Xuefan Zhou ◽

Hong Chen

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Urban Morphology ◽

Spatial Form ◽

Large Cities ◽

Residential District ◽

Plot Ratio ◽

Urban Thermal Environment ◽

Urban Microclimates

Summer extreme high-temperatures occur frequently in large cities; urban spatial form is the primary factor affecting the urban thermal environment. Thus, planning and arranging urban spaces is a key approach to regulating urban microclimates. Studies into how urban spatial forms influence the formation of urban microclimates have been carried out for multiple cities in warm and hot regions; however, few studies of this kind have been carried out for cities in cold regions. In this study, we analyze Zhengzhou, a city located in a cold region of China, using summer 2017 measurement data to determine why high temperatures develop in cold areas. We investigated how temperature and humidity vary during the morning, at noon, and in the evening given different land use properties (commercial and residential) and different spatial forms (building height, building density, green coverage rate, and plot ratio); we then studied the correlation between urban spatial form and the urban thermal environment. Our research results indicate that the commercial district’s thermal microclimate was related to PR and BH in the afternoon and GCR in the morning and at night. In the residential district, the key urban morphology factors related to its thermal microclimates were BD, PR, and GCR during almost the whole day.

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Assessing the effects of 2D/3D urban morphology on the 3D urban thermal environment by using multi-source remote sensing data and UAV measurements: A case study of the snow-climate city of Changchun, China

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128956 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 128956

Author(s):

Chaobin Yang ◽

Wenhao Zhu ◽

Jiabin Sun ◽

Xinliang Xu ◽

Ranghu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Urban Morphology ◽

Sensing Data ◽

Urban Thermal Environment

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Analysis on Correlation between Surface Thermal Infrared Bright Temperature and Nearby Air Temperature of the Underlay

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.438 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 357-360 ◽

pp. 438-443

Author(s):

Xu Yuan ◽

Qing Lin Meng

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Thermal Infrared ◽

The Other ◽

Infrared Remote Sensing ◽

Low Altitude ◽

The One ◽

Urban Thermal Environment

In the thermal environment which influences people's living and working, air temperature near the underlay surface is the most important and direct, namely air temperature 1.5m high. Low altitude infrared remote sensing has the advantages: macro, timely and fast. If we can find the correlation between underlay surface bright temperature and air temperature 1.5m high, though the one and the correlation we can find out the other. Then the relate research on the urban thermal environment will be convenient and efficient. This paper is written for the analysis on the correlation.

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Developing the Urban Thermal Environment Management and Planning (UTEMP) System to Support Urban Planning and Design

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11082224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2224 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lee ◽

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Heat Island ◽

Spatial Change ◽

Environment Management ◽

Planning And Design ◽

Urban Planning And Design ◽

Urban Thermal Environment ◽

Maximum Development

Mathematical Climate Simulation Modeling (MCSM) has the advantage of not only investigating the urban heat island phenomenon but also of identifying the effects of thermal environment improvement plans in detail. As a result, MCSM has been applied worldwide as a scientific tool to analyze urban thermal environment problems. However, the meteorological models developed thus far have been insufficient in terms of their direct application to the urban planning and design fields due to the preprocessing task for modeling operations and the excessive time required. By combining meteorological modeling and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis methods, this study developed the Urban Thermal Environment Management and Planning (UTEMP) system that is user-friendly and can be applied to urban planning and design. Furthermore, the usefulness of UTEMP was investigated in this study by application to areas where the heat island phenomenon occurs frequently: Seoul, Korea. The accuracy of the UTEMP system was verified by comparing its results to the Automatic Weather Systems (AWSs) data. Urban spatial change scenarios were prepared and air temperature variations according to such changes were compared. Subsequently, the urban spatial change scenarios were distinguished by four cases, including the existing condition (before the development), applications of the thermal environment measures to the existing condition, allowable future urban development (the maximum development density under the urban planning regulations), and application of the thermal environment measures to allowable future development. The UTEMP system demonstrated an accuracy of adj. R2 0.952 and a ±0.91 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). By applying the UTEMP system to urban spatial change scenarios, the average air temperature of 0.35 °C and maximum air temperature of 1.27 °C were found to rise when the maximum development density was achieved. Meanwhile, the air temperature reduction effect of rooftop greening was identified by an average of 0.12 °C with a maximum of 0.45 °C. Thus, the development of UTEMPS can be utilized as an effective tool to analyze the impacts of urban spatial changes and for planning and design. As a result, the UTEMP system will allow for more efficient and practical establishment of measures to improve the urban thermal environment.

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