scholarly journals Summertime Overheating Risk Assessment of a Flexible Plug-In Modular Unit in Luxembourg

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8474
Author(s):  
Michaël Rakotonjanahary ◽  
Frank Scholzen ◽  
Daniele Waldmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Solar Shading ◽  
Modular Units ◽  
Building Typology ◽  
Permit Application ◽  
The One ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Thermal Simulations

Modular buildings offer faster construction process, provide better construction quality, allow reducing construction waste and are potentially flexible. Frames of modular units can be made of metal, timber, concrete or mixed materials but lightweight structures do not always allow erecting high-rise buildings and generally present a higher risk of overheating and/or overcooling. To reconcile these pros and cons, a typology of modular building called Slab was designed by a group of architects. The building is composed on the one hand of a permanent concrete structure named shelf-structure and on the other hand of several flexible removable timber modular units, also known as modules. The shelf-structure will host the common utility rooms and will serve as docking infrastructure for the housing modules. To provide high flexibility, the Slab building was designed to adapt to any orientation and location in Luxembourg. An energy concept and a HVAC systems design has been developed for the Slab building. Furthermore, a two-fold sustainability analysis was carried out. The first part of the analysis regards the determination of the minimum required wall thicknesses of the modules in accordance with Luxembourgish regulatory requirements, although the current regulation does not yet consider the Slab building typology. The second part, which is the subject of this paper, is thermal comfort assessment, more precisely, summertime overheating risk assessment of these modules, in compliance with Luxembourgish standard. In this regard, dynamic thermal simulations have been realized on two module variants; the first fulfills the passive house requirements, and the second—the current requirements for building permit application, which in principle corresponds to low energy house requirements. Simulations showed that with adequate solar shading and reinforced natural ventilation by window opening, overheating risk could be avoided for the normal residential use scenario for both module variants.

Investigation of the natural ventilation of wind catchers with different geometries in arid region houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7109-7124
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Sakhri ◽  
Younes Menni ◽  
Houari Ameur ◽  
Ali J. Chamkha ◽  
Noureddine Kaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Ventilation Technique ◽  
Window Position ◽  
The One ◽  
Flow Velocities

The wind catcher or wind tower is a natural ventilation technique that has been employed in the Middle East region and still until nowadays. The present paper aims to study the effect of the one-sided position of a wind catcher device against the ventilated space or building geometry and its natural ventilation performance. Four models based on the traditional design of a one-sided wind catcher are studied and compared. The study is achieved under the climatic conditions of the South-west of Algeria (arid region). The obtained results showed that the front and Takhtabush’s models were able to create the maximum pressure difference (ΔP) between the windward and leeward of the tower-house system. Internal airflow velocities increased with the increase of wind speed in all studied models. For example, at Vwind = 2 m/s, the internal flow velocities were 1.7, 1.8, 1.3, and 2.5 m/s for model 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. However, at Vwind = 6 m/s, the internal flow velocities were 5.6, 5.5, 2.5, and 7 m/s for model 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The higher internal airflow velocities are given by Takhtabush, traditional, front and middle tower models, respectively, with a reduction rate between the tower outlet and occupied space by 72, 42, 36, and 33% for the middle tower, Takhtabush, traditional tower, and the front model tower, respectively. This reduction is due to the due to internal flow resistance. The third part of the study investigates the effect of window (exist opening) position on the opposite wall. The upper, middle and lower window positions are studied and compared. The air stagnation or recirculation zone inside the ventilated space reduced from 55% with the lower window to 46% for the middle window and reached 35% for the upper window position. The Front and Takhtabush models for the one-sided wind catcher with an upper window position are highly recommended for the wind-driven natural ventilation in residential houses that are located in arid regions.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aircraft Systems Risk Assessment Based on SORA for First Responders and Disaster Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5364
Author(s):  
Paweł Janik ◽  
Maciej Zawistowski ◽  
Radosław Fellner ◽  
Grzegorz Zawistowski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
Risk Assessment Methodology ◽  
Assistance Project

Worldwide, there is a significant increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by emergency services. They offer a lot of possibilities during rescue operations. Such a wide application for various purposes and environments causes many threats related to their use. To minimize the risks associated with conducting air operations with UAVs, the application of the SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) methodology will be important. Due to its level of detail, it is a methodology adapted to civilian use. In this article, the authors’ team will try to develop guidelines and directions for adapting SORA to the requirements of the operational work of emergency services. Thus, the following article aims to present the most important risks related to conducting operations with the use of UAVs by first responders (FRs), and to show the sample risk analysis performed for this type of operation on the example of the ASSISTANCE project. The paper describes, on the one hand, possibilities offered by UAVs in crisis or disaster management and step-by-step Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA), and on the other hand, presents possible threats, consequences and methods of their mitigation during FR missions.

A Data Mining Approach for Risk Assessment in Car Insurance

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kašćelan ◽  
Vladimir Kašćelan ◽  
Milijana Novović-Burić
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Car Insurance

This paper has proposed a data mining approach for risk assessment in car insurance. Standard methods imply classification of policies to great number of tariff classes and assessment of risk on basis of them. With application of data mining techniques, it is possible to get functional dependencies between the level of risk and risk factors as well as better results in predictions. On the case study data it has been proved that data mining techniques can, with better accuracy than the standard methods, predict claim sizes and occurrence of claims, and this represents the basis for calculation of net risk premium and risk classification. This paper, also, discusses advantages of data mining methods compared to standard methods for risk assessment in car insurance, as well as the specificities of the obtained results due to small insurance market, such is the one in Montenegro.

A Data Mining Approach for Risk Assessment in Car Insurance

Big Data ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 2028-2046
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kašćelan ◽  
Vladimir Kašćelan ◽  
Milijana Novović-Burić
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Functional Dependencies ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Car Insurance

This paper has proposed a data mining approach for risk assessment in car insurance. Standard methods imply classification of policies to great number of tariff classes and assessment of risk on basis of them. With application of data mining techniques, it is possible to get functional dependencies between the level of risk and risk factors as well as better results in predictions. On the case study data it has been proved that data mining techniques can, with better accuracy than the standard methods, predict claim sizes and occurrence of claims, and this represents the basis for calculation of net risk premium and risk classification. This paper, also, discusses advantages of data mining methods compared to standard methods for risk assessment in car insurance, as well as the specificities of the obtained results due to small insurance market, such is the one in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Curtain Wall with Solar Preheating of Ventilation Air. Full Scale Experimental Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 09007
Author(s):  
Roberto Garay-Martinez ◽  
Beñat Arregi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Ventilated Facade ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Heating load in Commercial buildings is highly related with ventilation systems, while at the same time local discomfort in the vicinity of glass walls occurs due to overheating. In this paper, a novel double envelope curtain wall is presented, which extracts heat from the façade by means of a ventilated cavity which is then incorporated to the ventilation air intake. A substantial reduction of heating loads is achieved. Whenever solar gains are not sought, a bypass element allows the natural ventilation of this air cavity, acting as a ventilated façade. An integrated control system with embedded electronics and actuators allows for a smart control of the system. The system is designed for integration with existing rooftop ventilation systems. Design considerations are discussed, and the outcomes of a full-scale experiment conducted in Bilbao (Spain) along 2019 presented.

Effectiveness of Risk Assessment Models in Business Decisions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1076-1096
Author(s):  
K. Madhu Kishore Raghunath ◽  
S L Tulasi Devi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Risk Assessment Models ◽  
Process Risk ◽  
The One ◽  
Infinite Dynamics

Survival being the rationale for every organisation, there are infinite dynamics which contribute to every organisations growth and survival. Weighing in all the dynamics available, if organisations have to contemplate on the one which acts as catalyst for ultimate survival it is business decision making process. Risk is an inherent ailment that exacerbates organisational decision making ever since the dawn of industrialization, with their reach proliferating ever since. In the present article, the authors articulate the effectiveness of risk assessment models on key business decisions to testify how risk models operate in isolation and when combined together. Authors also analyse the significant effect risk models have on business decision, which serves as justification for organisational efficiency.

The one-minute risk assessment tool

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Tiwana ◽  
Mark Keil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
The One

The Application of Approximate Reasoning Methodologies to Offshore Engineering Design Based on Risk Assessment

Volume 3 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Eleye-Datubo ◽  
H. S. Sii ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
J. B. Yang ◽  
J. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Approximate Reasoning ◽  
Technical Failure ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Assessment Task ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Offshore Engineering

In dealing with complex and ill-defined systems of an offshore application, modelling of human reasoning for the purpose of risk assessment requires the effectiveness of a systematic logic-based approach. Floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) installations, for example, combine traditional process technology with marine technology, and thus are quite dependent on technical design and operational safety control. Such safety-critical dependencies require novel approaches to properly analyse the risk involved. Hence, a proposed framework utilising approximate reasoning and evidential reasoning approaches is provided for modelling the assessment task. As based on fuzzy set theory, the model enables uncertainties to be described mathematically and further processed in the analysis of the structures. The forms of membership functions that could be used in representing fuzzy linguistic variables to quantify risk levels are presented. A case study of collision risk between FPSO and shuttle tanker due to technical failure during tandem offloading operation is used in this paper to illustrate the application of the proposed model. Furthermore, the obtained results from the case study provide confirmation that at various stages of offshore engineering systems design process the framework of incorporated approximate reasoning is a suited and convenient tool for attaining reliable risk analysis.

scholarly journals Fraud risk assessment within blockchain transactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-O. Goffard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Counting Processes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fraud Risk ◽  
The One

AbstractThe probability of successfully spending twice the same bitcoins is considered. A double-spending attack consists in issuing two transactions transferring the same bitcoins. The first transaction, from the fraudster to a merchant, is included in a block of the public chain. The second transaction, from the fraudster to himself, is recorded in a block that integrates a private chain, exact copy of the public chain up to substituting the fraudster-to-merchant transaction by the fraudster-to-fraudster transaction. The double-spending hack is completed once the private chain reaches the length of the public chain, in which case it replaces it. The growth of both chains are modelled by two independent counting processes. The probability distribution of the time at which the malicious chain catches up with the honest chain, or, equivalently, the time at which the two counting processes meet each other, is studied. The merchant is supposed to await the discovery of a given number of blocks after the one containing the transaction before delivering the goods. This grants a head start to the honest chain in the race against the dishonest chain.

Using Cloud Model to Improve the Membership Function in Fuzzy Risk Assessment of Reservoir-Induced Seismicity

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhong ◽  
Qiu Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Membership Function ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Reservoir Induced Seismicity ◽  
Fuzzy Risk Assessment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Membership Function

Due to the uncertainty and complexity of the causes in reservoir-induced seismicity, the relationship between the environmental factor and the possible earthquake magnitude can be described by membership function. This study aims to propose a fuzzy method to contribute the membership function in which the normal cloud model is applied. Firstly, the cloud model is introduced in detail. Based on normal cloud model, the one-to-many mapping model is presented to deal with the fuzziness and randomness in the membership function. Finally, the case study in Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir is presented to illustrate the membership cloud function in fuzzy risk assessment of reservoir-induced seismicity. The obtained results show that the proposed method is the viable approaches in solving the problem when the memberships are vague and imprecise.

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