Investigation of the natural ventilation of wind catchers with different geometries in arid region houses

The wind catcher or wind tower is a natural ventilation technique that has been employed in the Middle East region and still until nowadays. The present paper aims to study the effect of the one-sided position of a wind catcher device against the ventilated space or building geometry and its natural ventilation performance. Four models based on the traditional design of a one-sided wind catcher are studied and compared. The study is achieved under the climatic conditions of the South-west of Algeria (arid region). The obtained results showed that the front and Takhtabush’s models were able to create the maximum pressure difference (ΔP) between the windward and leeward of the tower-house system. Internal airflow velocities increased with the increase of wind speed in all studied models. For example, at Vwind = 2 m/s, the internal flow velocities were 1.7, 1.8, 1.3, and 2.5 m/s for model 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. However, at Vwind = 6 m/s, the internal flow velocities were 5.6, 5.5, 2.5, and 7 m/s for model 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The higher internal airflow velocities are given by Takhtabush, traditional, front and middle tower models, respectively, with a reduction rate between the tower outlet and occupied space by 72, 42, 36, and 33% for the middle tower, Takhtabush, traditional tower, and the front model tower, respectively. This reduction is due to the due to internal flow resistance. The third part of the study investigates the effect of window (exist opening) position on the opposite wall. The upper, middle and lower window positions are studied and compared. The air stagnation or recirculation zone inside the ventilated space reduced from 55% with the lower window to 46% for the middle window and reached 35% for the upper window position. The Front and Takhtabush models for the one-sided wind catcher with an upper window position are highly recommended for the wind-driven natural ventilation in residential houses that are located in arid regions.

Optimum window position in the building façade for high day-light performance: Empirical study in hot and dry climate

Day-lighting studies in buildings play a major role in indoor environmental investigation and can be conducted at the early stages of building design. Window position significantly affects day-lighting performance. This paper assessed the impacts of the window position on the visual comfort through two main factors; daylight factor and light uniformity in the hot and dry climate zone. In this study different window positions have been examined to achieve optimal visual comfort, using a dynamic simulation through Vi-suit plugin for Blender 3D software that controls the external application Radiance software. The results revealed that the window position at sill start from 1.4 m of a room characterized by (4.30 m × 3.00 m × 3.00 m) is the best compromising solution that complies with the daylight factor and light uniformity standards in the indoor environment. The findings of this study provide a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of the window design for architects/designers in the early building design stages in the hot and dry climate region.

Optimasi DF Berbasis Posisi Jendela Menggunakan Estetika Asimetris

<p class="Abstrak">Jendela merupakan elemen arsitektur yang berfungsi memasukan pencahayaan alami dari luar kedalam bangunan. Distribusi pencahayaan siang yang merata masuk kedalam ruangan dapat meminimalkan penggunaan pencahayaan buatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari optimasi posisi jendela dengan pendekatan kepada distribusi jarak <em>daylight factor </em>(<em>DF</em>) dan estetika komposisi spasial. Analisis dilakukkan berdasarkan kualitatif distibusi <em>DF</em> pada ruangan terhadap posisi bukaan jendela secara estetika komposisional beradasarkan grafik teori kecocokan represetasional. Tahap fitting dan normalisasi pada nilai daylight factor dan estetika asimetri dari teori kecocokan represetasional merupakan langkah awal untuk mendapatakan optimasi nilai faktor yang nantinya akan diberikan suatu nilai faktor bobot ( ) untuk kedua variabel. Hasil studi di dapat posisi jendela paling optimal berada pada posisi jarak 23% dari lebar bidang dinding bukaan jendela terhadap sisi jendela bagian dalam, dimana nilai faktor bobot = 0,5. Optimasi dengan menggunakan nilai dapat digunakan arsitek untuk menentukkan distribusi <em>DF</em>, estetika asimetri atau bahkan keduanya.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>The window is an architectural element that functions to incorporate natural lighting from outside into the building. Even daylight distribution into the room can minimize the use of artificial lighting. This research was conducted to find window position optimization by approaching the daylight factor (DF) distance distribution and spatial composition aesthetics. The analysis was carried out based on the qualitative distribution of DF in the room to the position of the window opening aesthetically compositional based on a graph of the theory of repetational compatibility. The fitting and normalization phase of DF values and the asymmetry aesthetics of the repetational match theory are the first step to get an optimization of the factor values which will be given a weight factor value (α) for both variables. The results of the study in the most optimal window position can be located at a distance of 23% from the width of the window opening wall area to the inner side of the window, where the weight factor value α = 0.5. Optimization using the can be used by architects to determine the distribution of DF, asymmetry aesthetics or even both. <strong></strong></em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

Optimization of Daylight Factor Distribution Using Standard Deviations Based on Shifting Window Position

Natural lighting is an important factor that affects the comfort of building users. Natural lighting in a room requires a window area of ​​at least 1/6 of the floor area. This study was conducted to obtain the distribution of Daylight Factor (DF) as a natural lighting factor during the day in the room, based on the shift in the position of the window on the wall. The distribution of lighting entering the depth of the room through window openings is a tool to compare the best window position in the spread of illumination with DF calculations based on Sky Component (SC). Shifting the window position will be analyzed by Standard Deviation (S) and Mean (μ) based on the DF distribution. Optimizations of the DF distribution on the window position shifts if it has the largest DF mean value and the smallest DF variant value. The results of the study in a simple room showed that the optimal DF distribution was at the window position in the middle and the mean value was 2.59%. The relationship of shifting window position and DF distribution can be useful for architects to determine the function of a room in architectural design.

Optimization of Window Positions for Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation Performance

This paper optimizes opening positions on building facades to maximize the natural ventilation’s potential for ventilation and cooling purposes. The paper demonstrates how to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results to architectural design processes, and how the CFD-driven decisions impact ventilation and cooling: (1) background: A CFD helps predict the natural ventilation’s potential, the integration of CFD results into design decision-making has not been actively practiced; (2) methods: Pressure data on building facades were obtained from CFD simulations and mapped into the 3D modeling environment, which were then used to identify optimal positions of two openings of a zone. The effect of the selected opening positions was validated with building energy simulations; (3) results: The cross-comparison study of different window positions based on different geographical locations quantified the impact on natural ventilation effectiveness; and (4) conclusions: The optimized window position was shown to be effective, and some optimal solutions contradicted the typical cross-ventilation strategy.

Characterization of Noise Level Inside a Vehicle under Different Conditions

Vehicular acoustic noise evaluations are a concern of researchers due to health and comfort effects on humans and are fundamental for anyone interested in mitigating audio noise. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the noise level inside a vehicle by using statistical tools. First, an experimental setup was developed with microphones and a microcomputer located strategically on the car’s panel, and measurements were carried out with different conditions such as car window position, rain, traffic, and car speed. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the similarity of the noise level from those conditions. Thus, we were able to discuss the relevance of the variables that contribute to the noise level inside a car. Finally, our results revealed that the car speed is strongly correlated to interior noise levels, suggesting the most relevant noise sources are in the vehicle itself.

Self-Reported Sleep Disturbance from Road, Rail and Aircraft Noise: Exposure-Response Relationships and Effect Modifiers in the SiRENE Study

This survey investigates the cross-sectional association between nighttime road, rail and aircraft noise exposure and the probability to be highly sleep disturbed (%HSD), as measured by self-report in postal and online questionnaires. As part of the Swiss SiRENE study, a total of 5592 survey participants in the entire country were selected based on a stratified random sample of their dwelling. Self-reported sleep disturbance was measured using an ICBEN-style 5-point verbal scale. The survey was carried out in four waves at different times of the year. Source-specific noise exposure was calculated for several façade points for each dwelling. After adjustment for potential confounders, all three noise sources showed a statistically significant association between the nighttime noise level LNight at the most exposed façade point and the probability to report high sleep disturbance, as determined by logistic regression. The association was strongest for aircraft noise and weakest for road traffic noise. We a priori studied the role of a range of effect modifiers, including the “eventfulness” of noise exposure, expressed as the Intermittency Ratio (IR) metric, bedroom window position, bedroom orientation towards the closest street, access to a quiet side of the dwelling, degree of urbanization, sleep timing factors (bedtime and sleep duration), sleep medication intake, survey season and night air temperature. While bedroom orientation exhibited a strong moderating effect, with an Leq-equivalent of nearly 20 dB if the bedroom faces away from the nearest street, the LNight-%HSD associations were not affected by bedroom window position, sleep timing factors, survey season, or temperature.

DESIGN EVALUATION OF WINDOW DESIGN TO DAYLIGHT EFFICACY IN IBU DAN ANAK MELINDA HOSPITAL’S INPATIENT ROOM, BANDUNG

Abstract- Daylight performance in patient room is very important. Which in this research, daylight performanceis measured by its distribution, daylight factor and glare precaution. Those elements are calculated according tolighting standard for the hospital building and how the performance adapt to patient's visual comfort. Thereforewindow design is needed to be considered as its affected to daylight performance inside the room. The objectobservation shows a result of the contradiction between each combination of window design and room plan.This research evaluates how window design affects the performance of natural lighting and analyzewhich window design suitable for each room plans, and also the alternative design that will be more suitable forsome rooms’ plan and condition.This research is conducted by explanatory method, with quantitative and qualitative approach. Veluxvisualizer software is used to simulate how natural light is distributed to the inpatient room.Obtained data shows that natural lighting performance in RSIA Melinda inpatient room is still belowthe determined standard. And noticed that room orientation, window position and dimension, exterior existingconditions are factors that affected the daylight performance. The design recommendations are sun shading andglazing material. Design recommendations are given to the majority room type and also in consideration of thedesign applicable possibility.Key Words: window design, daylight, inpatient room, spatial arrangement

“Seeing What’s Left”: The Effect of Position of Transparent Windows on Product Evaluation

The position of design elements on product packaging has been shown to exert a measurable impact on consumer perception across a number of different studies and product categories. Design elements previously found to influence the consumer through their positioning on the front of pack include product imagery, brand logos, text-based claims, and basic shapes. However, as yet, no empirical research has focused specifically on the relative position of transparent windows; despite the latter being an increasingly prevalent element of many modern packaging designs. This exploratory online study details an experimental investigation of how manipulating the position of a transparent window on a range of visually-presented, novel packaging designs influences consumer evaluations and judgements of the product seen within. Specifically, 110 participants rated 24 different packaging designs (across four product categories: granola, boxed chocolates, pasta, and lemon mousse; each with six window positions: in one of the four quadrants, the top half, or the bottom half) in a within-participants experimental design. Analyses were conducted using Friedman’s tests and Hochberg procedure-adjusted Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests. Window position was found to be a non-trivial element of design, with a general preference for windows on the right-hand side being evidenced. Significantly higher scores for expected product tastiness and design attractiveness were consistently identified across all product categories when windows were positioned on the right- vs. left-hand side of the packaging. Effects on the perception of powerfulness, overall liking, quality, and willingness to purchase were identified, but were inconsistent across the different product categories. Very few effects of window verticality were identified, with expected weight of the product not being significantly influenced by window position. The implications of these findings for academics, designers, and brand managers are discussed, with future research directions highlighted.