scholarly journals Assessing Renewable Resources at the Saronikos Gulf for the Development of Multi-Generation Renewable Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9169
Author(s):  
George Lavidas ◽  
John K. Kaldellis
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Wind Resources ◽  
Available Resources

Decarbonisation of any energy system implies that more renewables will have to be incorporated into the grid. This requires a thorough assessment of available resources to properly estimate potential contributions and identify opportunities. This work focuses on the Saronikos Gulf, which is part of the most crowded urban coastline in Greece. Solar, wind and wave resources are analysed, and the long-term characteristics affecting power production are discussed. Solar resources provide ≥250 Wh·m−2 with small long-term changes. Wind resources at coastal and onshore regions are ≥50 W·m−2; however, it has higher annual volatility. Finally, the wave resources of the region are from 130 to 170 W/m with a positive resource rate of change ≈2.5 W·m−1/year. It is expected that multi-generation by different resources, especially with temporal overlaps of wind and waves, will reduce intermittent production, hence accelerating the energy transition.

scholarly journals Assessing the Rate of Shoreline Changes of Rameswaram Island, Tamilnadu, India, using MATLAB Component Runtime Utility & Digital Shoreline Analysis System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3318-3321
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Digital Shoreline Analysis System ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Analysis System

The Present study highlights the changes in the coastal tract of Rameswaram island located between the geometric location, latitude 9° 10' to 9° 20' N and the longitude 79° 12' to 79° 30' E. Using Geospatial Technology, Long-term changes have noticed from digitized shorelines taken from Landsat imageries and SOI toposheet for the years 1968, 1978, 1988, 1999, 2009 and 2018. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) an extension provided by USGS for ArcGIS used to cast transects perpendicular from the baseline, towards the shorelines. High water Line (HTL) has taken as shoreline in this study. The distance between the shorelines has taken from the cast transects plotted from the baseline. For the rate of change calculation, MATLAB component runtime utility for ArcGIS has used. Based on the Linear Regression Rate (LRR) the shore has classified into High Erosion, Low Erosion, Stable and Low Accretion, High Accretion zones. The island has a shoreline length of 78.4 km, and the studies found that 27.83 km (35.41%) of shoreline is accreting nature, 37.90 km (48.21%) of shoreline is stable, and 12.86 km (16.36 %) of shoreline tends to erode. During the field investigation identified that High amount of erosion occurred in the locations near Pamban, Tharavaithopu and Dhanushkodi. Also, Accretion identified over the locations Ayyanthopu, Natarajapuram and Arichumanai tip. Wind action is one of the physical parameters that induced the erosion in some location of this study area.

Germany's Energy Transition Under Attack: Is There an Inscrutable German Sonderweg ?

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gawel ◽  
Sebastian Strunz ◽  
Paul Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
German Energy Policy ◽  
Trading Scheme

The German energy transition repeatedly faces harsh critiques questioning its economic and environmental merits. This article defends the energy transition and argues that Germany has chosen an economically efficient and particularly forceful approach to securing a sustainable energy supply. Though current expenditures are high, the long-term benefits of transforming the energy system to a renewables-based system are likely to outweigh present investment costs. Furthermore, support policies for renewables are not redundant-as some critics claim-but instead complement other policy instruments, such as the emissions trading scheme. This article also addresses the motives behind the discrediting attacks on the German energy policy regime. Defensive actions by beneficiaries of the former energy market structure are only to be expected, but the attacks from liberal economists are astonishingly fierce.

scholarly journals Technological change at Platypus Rockshelter (KB:A70), southeast Queensland

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hiscock ◽  
J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Southeast Queensland

Platypus Rockshelter yielded a rich and varied assemblage of stone artefacts. In this paper we describe temporal change in the artefact assemblage and, by implication, prehistoric technology, concentrating particularly on the evidence for chert stoneworking. Readers are referred to accompanying papers by Hall et al (1988) and Hall and Hiscock (1988) in this volume of QAR for details of the stratigraphy and dating of the site. What is important to reiterate here is that the deposit provides a discontinuous sequence of occupation dating back to approximately 5300 years BP. This, plus the fact the radiocarbon samples were selected to date stratigraphic transition, means that the artefactual sequence is divided into a number of sharply-bounded analytical units, and change can be identified between but not within these units. The necessity for the cultural sequence to be subdivided in this way makes it likely that gradual changes in prehistory will be seen as episodic, and that each unit may be a compilation of a number of discrete occupation events (cf. Frankel 1988). Thus, while we employ strata as minimal units of comparison in the artefactual analysis, we make no assumptions about the uniformity within, and rate of change between, those units. The purpose of the paper is to characterize the long-term changes in the technology of the inhabitants of the site.

scholarly journals Discounting for Energy Transition Policies—Estimation of the Social Discount Rate for Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Monika Foltyn-Zarychta ◽  
Rafał Buła ◽  
Krystian Pera
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Social Discount Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Future Consumption

The transition of the energy system in Poland has a long time horizon and demands a substantial investment effort supported by proper economic evaluation. It requires a precise Social Discount Rate (SDR) estimation as discounting makes the present value of long-term effects extremely sensitive to the discount rate level. However, Polish policymakers have little information on SDR: the predominant practice applies a priori fixed 5% discount rate, while studies devoted only to Poland are quite rare. To eliminate this research gap, our paper aims at estimating SDR for Poland, applicable in energy transition policies. We derive SDR for three datasets varying in length, twofold: using market rates via Consumption Rate of Interest (CRI) and Social Opportunity Cost (SOC) of capital, and prescriptive Ramsey and Gollier approaches based on Social Welfare Function (SWF). The results indicate that the rates based on CRI and SOC deviate substantially with changing data timeframes and market conditions, while prescriptive methods show much higher time stability. Due to long-term planning horizons for energy policies, we argue for adopting, as SDR in Poland, the longest dataset’s Ramsey-based rate of 4.72% which can be reduced to 4.39% by Gollier’s precautionary term (reflecting the uncertainty over future consumption growth), which are our main findings.

scholarly journals Belgian Energy Transition: What Are the Options?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Gauthier Limpens ◽  
Hervé Jeanmart ◽  
Francois Maréchal
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Days Open

Different scenarios at different scales must be studied to help define long term policies to decarbonate our societies. In this work, we analyse the Belgian energy system in 2035 for different carbon emission targets, and accounting for electricity, heat, and mobility. To achieve this objective, we applied the EnergyScope Typical Days open source model, which optimises both the investment and the operation strategy of a complete energy system for a target year. The model includes 96 technologies and 24 resources that have to supply, hourly, the heat, electricity, mobility, and non-energy demands. In line with other research, we identify and quantify, with a merit order, different technological steps of the energy transition. The lack of endogenous resources in Belgium is highlighted and estimated at 275.6 TWh/y. It becomes obvious that additional potentials shall be obtained by importing renewable fuels and/or electricity, deploying geothermal energy, etc. Aside from a reduction of the energy demand, a mix of solutions is shown to be, by far, the most cost effective to reach low carbon emissions.

Najveći izazovi energetske tranzicije u Srbiji: u srednjem i dugom roku

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Petar Đukić ◽  
◽  
Slaviša Đukanović
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Available Energy

Serious structural changes in energy sector are expected in the next period. System long-term and fundamental changes we could simply call energy transition. There are two basic reasons for that: the first is caused by global flows influenced by climate changes and strategies, which are more complicated and very demanding; the second reason is situation in the energy sector and economic system in Serbia, especially in the environmental area and natural resources management. The losses and pollution costs, caused by energy sector, make Serbian energy one of the most neglected and the least promising in the region of south-eastern Europe. Serious structural changes in energy sectorare in big delay. Nowadays Serbia wastes the energy, in comparison, not only with more developed countries (OECD and EU) but with comparabl ecountries in the region. Every day Serbian economy and society emit more and more pollutants in environment, and the whole economic system suffers by losses of the energy. Populism as chronic problem of economic and energy policies is the logical consequence of incompetent political party’s management and weak economizing with energy potentials. System depoliticization, technology modernization and strategic greening of the whole energy system of Serbia are expected in the future. Sustainability of the processes in energy is long-term task that start swith gradual and difficult economic steps. More expensive, clearer and socially available energy is something that considers higher income and better life quality, but requires new energy culture of citizens, economy structure and state system.

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