scholarly journals The Functional Traits of Breeding Bird Communities at Traditional Folk Villages in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9344
Author(s):  
Chan Ryul Park ◽  
Sohyeon Suk ◽  
Sumin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
Streptopelia Orientalis ◽  
Diet Type ◽  
Nest Type

Interaction between nature and human has formulated unique biodiversity in temperate regions. People have conserved and maintained traditional folk villages (TFVs) dominated with houses made of natural materials, arable land and surrounding elements of landscape. Until now, little attention has been given to understand the traits of breeding birds in TFVs of Korea. The aim of this study was to reveal traits of breeding birds in TFVs and get conservative implications for biodiversity. We selected five TFVs: Hahoe maeul (HA), Wanggok maeul (WG), Nagan maeul (NA), Yangdong maeul (YD), and Hangae maeul (HG). We surveyed breeding birds with line transect methods, and analyzed functional traits (diet type and nest type) of birds in TFVs. Among 60 species recorded, Passer montanus (PM), Streptopelia orientalis (SO), Hirundo rustica (HR), Pica pica (PP), Phoenicuros auroreus (PA), Paradoxornis webbiana (PW), Microscelis amaurotis (MA), Carduelis sinica (CA) and Oriolus chinensis (OC) could be potential breeding birds that prefer diverse habitats of TFVs in Korea. Compared to the breeding birds of rural, urban and forest environments, the diversity of nesting types for birds was high in TFVs. The diverse nest types of breeding birds can be linked with habitat heterogeneity influenced by sustainable interaction between nature and human in TFVs in Korea.

scholarly journals Population Densities of Birds Breeding in Urbanized Habitats in the Grabiszyn District in the City of Wrocław

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
The City

Abstract Studies were carried out in 2010 by mean of simplified version of the mapping method. The study area (395 ha) was located close to the city centre. It comprised a mosaic of urbanized habitats, with a clear dominance of green areas, such as parks (41.1 ha), gardens, cemeteries and tree clumps. A total of 48 breeding bird species were recorded in the whole study area. The most common (<25 pairs/100 ha) were Passer domesticus, Passer montanus, Sturnus vulgaris, Parus caeruleus, Parus major, Apus apus and Columba livia. Numerous (7-15 pairs/100 ha) were also the following species: Columba palumbus, Turdus pilaris, Sylvia atricapilla, Serinus serinus, Turdus merula and Pica pica. Insectivorous birds were the most common birds constituting 63.3%, and granivorous -32.6% of all pairs recorded. Most birds nested in tree holes (39.3%), in/on buildings (30.2%) and in trees/shrubs (25.6%). Distribution of breeding pairs of 23 bird species was presented on maps. Population trends for 17 species were documented. Rapid increase in numbers of Turdus pilaris, Corvus cornix and Phoenicurus phoenicurus and decrease of Pica pica were recorded.

scholarly journals Understanding testosterone variation in a tropical lek-breeding bird

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Ryder ◽  
Brent M. Horton ◽  
Ignacio T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Male Display ◽  
Pipra Filicauda

Male reproductive coalitions, in which males cooperate to attract females, are a rare strategy among vertebrates. While some studies have investigated ultimate aspects of these relationships, little is known about the mechanistic role that hormones play in modulating cooperative behaviours. Here, we examined male testosterone variation in a tropical lekking bird, the wire-tailed manakin ( Pipra filicauda ), which exhibits cooperative male–male display coalitions. We found that testosterone levels in territorial males were comparable to those of temperate breeding birds, a surprising result given their environmental, social and reproductive dynamics. In addition, social status rather than plumage was a strong predictor of testosterone variation. Territorial males had significantly higher testosterone levels than did two other plumage classes of floater males, who do not hold territories. We hypothesize that testosterone variation plays an important role in the establishment of male dominance hierarchies (competition), while concurrently facilitating stable display partnerships (cooperation).

scholarly journals Avian Haemosporidian Diversity on Sardinia: A First General Assessment for the Insular Mediterranean

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Irene Pellegrino ◽  
Luca Ilahiane ◽  
Giovanni Boano ◽  
Marco Cucco ◽  
Marco Pavia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Host Parasite

The Western Palearctic is one of the most investigated regions for avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon), yet geographic gaps in our regional knowledge remain. Here, we report the first haemosporidian screening of the breeding birds from Sardinia (the second-largest Mediterranean Island and a biodiversity hotspot), and the first for the insular Mediterranean in general. We examined the occurrence of haemosporidians by amplifying their mtDNA cytb gene in 217 breeding birds, belonging to 32 species. The total prevalence of infected birds was 55.3%, and of the 116 haplotypes recovered, 84 were novel. Despite the high number of novel lineages, phylogenetic analysis did not highlight Sardinia-specific clades; instead, some Sardinian lineages were more closely related to lineages previously recovered from continental Europe. Host-parasite network analysis indicated a specialized host-parasite community. Binomial generalized linear models (GLMs), performed at the community level, suggested an elevational effect on haemosporidian occurrence probability (negative for Haemoproteus; positive for Leucocytozoon) likely due to differences in the abundance of insect vectors at different elevations. Furthermore, a GLM revealed that sedentary birds showed a higher probability of being infected by novel haplotypes and long-distance migrants showed a lower probability of novel haplotype infection. We hypothesize that the high diversity of haemosporidians is linked to the isolation of breeding bird populations on Sardinia. This study adds to the growing knowledge on haemosporidians lineage diversity and distribution in insular environments and presents new insights on potential host-parasite associations.

The Effects of Invasive Ants on the Nesting Success of Tristram's Storm-petrel, Oceanodroma tristrami, on Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T. W. McClelland ◽  
Ian L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Invasive Ants ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Tramp Ant ◽  
Nest Type ◽  
Storm Petrel

The possible impact of invasive ants on the avifauna of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands was investigated by studying the breeding success of Tristram's Storm-petrel Oceanodroma tristrami on Laysan Island. The tramp ant Monomorium pharaonis (L.) was found to be abundant in storm-petrel nesting areas on Laysan Island. There were 380 observations made on incubating adults and 798 observations for chicks, for a total of 1178 observations from 116 storm-petrel nest sites. No ant harassment events involving incubating adult storm-petrels were recorded. Thirteen instances of more than 5 ants on Tristram's Storm-petrel chicks were recorded. One harassment event was recorded, involving approximately 200 ants. The chick left the nest site immediately following the event, did not return, and presumably died. The number of nest failures attributed to M. pharaonis was 1% (n = 116). There was a significant relationship between nest type and ant interactions (G = 24.45, p = <0.0001, n =55), with incidents only recorded from birds nesting under vegetation. It was hypothesized that the ant interactions recorded in this study were a result of Tristram's Storm-petrel chicks being in close proximity to M. pharaonis nests rather than direct predation. Thus no evidence was found of a severe impact of invasive ants on the breeding success of storm-petrels at Laysan Island. Despite no direct ant impact particular attention should be given to the interactions between M. pharaonis and bird species reliant on vegetation for nesting cover, and studies therefore should include additional breeding bird species.

scholarly journals Avian Diversity Along An Altitudinal Gradient In Highveld/Drakensberg Grasslands

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Turtle Dove ◽  
Avian Assemblages ◽  
Group Species

Abstract Temperature and rainfall related to altitudinal gradients influence ecological and evolutionary responses of organisms to physical factors. In this study, the line transect method was used during the years 1996–2001 to compare resident (potentially breeding) bird communities in three altitudinal divisions in Highveld/Drakensberg grasslands in Lesotho: lowlands (< 1700 m a. s. l.), foothills (1700–2200 m a. s. l.) and highlands (> 2200 m a. s. l.). In total, 105 resident species were recorded. The total number of species recorded in lowlands was higher than that in highlands and foothills, but this difference was not statistically significant. The highland and foothill did not differ in numbers of species. A group of five species dominated at all three sites, and the proportion of dominant species in relation to the whole assemblage was very similar. The composition of the dominant group (species with more than 5 % of pairs) and the group of species most often encountered (in more than 80 % of transects) was, however, different. Only two species, Cape Canary Serinuscanicollis and Karoo Prinia Priniamaculosa were dominant in all three study areas, and just one species, the Cape Bunting Emberizacapensis, was dominant in two plots. Similarly, only two species, the Cape Turtle-Dove Streptopelia capicola and Cape Canary had a high frequency of occurrence in all three study areas, and two otherspecies, theKaroo Prinia and Cape Bunting — in two study areas. Simpson’s Diversity Index was strikingly the same (S = 0.96) for all three avian assemblages (lowland, foothill and highland) investigated. However, proportions of breeding pairs of some congeneric species were found to change with the altitude. The granivores were more common (44–45 %) in the foothills and highlands than in lowlands (36%), while insectivores were more common in the highlands (50 %) than in foothills and lowlands (36–37 %). In general, avifauna is relatively diverse and unique in the Highveld/Drakensberg grasslands. Results presented here provide data for further investigation of the effect of the supposed climate warming on the diversity and structure of avian communities.

The breeding bird community of managed and unmanaged willow scrub at Leighton Moss, Lancashire

1992 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Woodland Birds ◽  
Feeding Sites

SynopsisCoppiced willow supports a much higher density of breeding birds than unmanaged more mature willow. This appears to be because it retains richer vegetation cover, especially in the herb layer, and so provides more breeding and feeding sites for both marsh and woodland birds.

scholarly journals Species composition and number of breeding birds in urban parks in Novi Sad

2010 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Marko Tucakov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Breeding Density ◽  
Tree Sparrow ◽  
Passer Montanus ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Sørensen Index

Numbers of breeding pairs of breeding birds and breeding density are established by territory mapping in Limanski (12.9 ha), Futoski (8.26 ha), and Dunavski (3.9 ha) Parks in Novi Sad from early March to late June 2007. In Limanski Park 11 species of breeders were found, the most numerous being tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Futoski Park had 15 breeders and the most numerous were great tit (Parus major). The smallest number of species (9) bred in Dunavski Park, with great tit as the most common breeder. The greatest density of breeding pairs was recorded in the largest park (37.7 pairs/km2). Hole-breeders dominated in Futoski and Dunavski Park, but their number was the same as the number of canopy-breeders in Limanski Park. Measured with Sorensen index of similarity, the greatest similarity was found between breeding avifauna of Futoski and Dunavski Park (72), then between Futoski and Limanski (61), while the smallest similarity was found if we compare breeding avifauna of Dunavski and Limanski Park. Compared with breeding avifauna in other parks in Central Europe, breeding avifauna of Novi Sad parks is relatively poor.

Estimating Relative Densities of Breeding Birds by the Line Transect Method

Oikos ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Järvinen ◽  
R. A. Väisänen ◽  
O. Jarvinen ◽  
R. A. Vaisanen
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Line Transect Method
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