scholarly journals Financial Inclusion, Socioeconomic Disaster Risks and Sustainable Mountain Development: Empirical Evidence from the Karakoram Valleys of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9737
Author(s):  
Kifayat Ullah ◽  
Abdul Qayyum Mohsin ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Saranjam Baig
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Mountain Development ◽  
The Impact

Does financial inclusion contribute to sustainable mountain development by providing access to financial resources and creating economic opportunities for poor mountain people? Keeping this question in mind, the present study aimed to investigate the nexus between financial inclusion and improvement in the living standards of mountain people, and reduction in socioeconomic disaster risks (economic poverty, multidimensional poverty and income inequality). For empirical investigation, the study employed Quasi Experimental Designs, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty measures, Alkire et al. methodology, Gini Index and Quintile technique to assess the impact of financial inclusion on the living standards and reduction of economic poverty, multidimensional poverty and income inequality, respectively. We used the Logistic Regression technique to identify major drivers of socioeconomic disaster risks in the study area. The study collected quantitative and qualitative household level data from 424 households through structured questionnaires using multistage sampling technique for analysis. The findings of the study revealed a positive synergy among inclusive finance and living standards and a negative connection between financial inclusion and socioeconomic disaster risks in the Karakoram valleys of Pakistan. The logistic regression results also recognized financial inclusion as a potential determinant of economic poverty reduction. However, financial inclusion as a potential tool to eradicate multidimensional poverty in the study area showed insignificant results. These findings can help policy-makers and other stakeholders to understand the dynamics of socioeconomic disaster risks and the role of financial inclusion in their reduction to accomplish sustainable mountain development in the Karakoram valleys of Pakistan.

Does access to finance alleviate poverty? A case study of SGSY beneficiaries in Kashmir Valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1032-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audil Rashid Khaki ◽  
Mohi-ud-Din Sangmi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to question and analyse the basic tenets of financial inclusion and to understand the relationship between access to finance and poverty reduction. The paper attempts to elaborate the importance of unrestrained access to finance in building an inclusive financial sector, which is believed to reduce poverty by enabling poor and excluded people to participate in the economic process by employing their skill sets, labour and innovations in the productive activities of the economy, thereby not only increasing their own welfare and standards of living but also contributing at very high marginal returns to the overall economic growth. Design/methodology/approach This study evaluates the progression of the participants/beneficiaries of National Rural Livelihood Mission Scheme (erstwhile Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana Scheme) across various dimensions of poverty by making use of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). Findings The results suggest that the participation has in fact lead to increase in the standard of living, thereby reducing multidimensional poverty. Further, the results suggest that participation does not reduce deprivations in the “education” dimension, whereas in all other dimensions reduction in deprivations is significant. The results also suggest that the programme under study seems to be seriously mistargeting by allocating the programme to non-poor sections rather than absolute poor. Research limitations/implications The study has been conducted without following the participants over a longer period of time. The study has adopted a pre-post methodology, collecting the responses at only one point using a reflexive quasi-experimental design which leads to a recall limitation. Originality/value The paper tries to evaluate the impact of access to financial inclusion through a new perspective – the MPI. The paper examines the targeting of government-sponsored programmes and the utility of such intervention in the changing milieu of financial services.

Understanding Rising Income Inequality and Stagnating Ordinary Living Standards in Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bosch ◽  
Thorsten Kalina
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes how inequality and real incomes have evolved in Germany through the period from the 1980s, through reunification, up to the economic Crisis and its aftermath. It brings out how reunification was associated with a prolonged stagnation in real wages. It emphasizes how the distinctive German structures for wage bargaining were eroded over time, and the labour market and tax/transfer reforms of the late 1990s-early/mid-2000s led to increasing dualization in the labour market. The consequence was a marked increase in household income inequality, which went together with wage stagnation for much of the 1990s and subsequently. Coordination between government, employers, and unions still sufficed to avoid the impact the economic Crisis had on unemployment elsewhere, but the German social model has been altered fundamentally over the period

scholarly journals FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN ZIMBABWE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-182
Author(s):  
David Mhlanga ◽  
◽  
Steven Henry Dunga ◽  
Tankiso Moloi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The study sought to investigate the impact of financial inclusion on poverty reduction in Zimbabwe among the smallholder farmers. It is alleged that financial inclusion can help in achieving seven of the seventeen sustainable development goals (SDGs), which include poverty eradication in all its forms everywhere, ending hunger, achieving food security, ensuring improved nutrition as well as promoting sustainable agriculture and many others. Using the simple regression method, the study discovered that financial inclusion has a strong impact on poverty reduction among smallholder farmers. The study went on to discover that, for the government to tackle poverty especially among the smallholder farmers, it is important to ensure that farmers do participate in the financial sector through saving, borrowing and taking out insurance among other services. So, it is important for the government of Zimbabwe to fully implement policies that encourage financial inclusion such as making sure that farmers find it easy to access financial institutions and encouraging financial institutions to review transaction costs like bank account opening charges periodically, implementing financial education programs among the farmers because these variables are important in influencing farmers to participate or preventing them from using financial services.

scholarly journals Mining, Poverty, and Income Inequality in Central and Eastern European Countries: What Do the Data Tell Us?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

The study investigates the effect of mining on both poverty and income inequality in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) using econometric estimation methods with panel data spanning from 2009 to 2019. Another objective of this paper was to determine if the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development reduced poverty and or income inequality in CEECs. What triggered the study is the failure of the existing literature to have a common ground regarding the impact of mining on poverty and or income inequality. The existing literature on the subject matter is contradictory, mixed, and divergent; hence, it paves the way for further empirical tests. The study confirmed that the vicious cycle of poverty is relevant in CEECs. According to the dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM), mining had a significant poverty reduction influence in CEECs. The dynamic GMM and random effects revealed that the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development also enhanced poverty reduction in CEECs. Random effects and pooled OLS shows that mining significantly reduced income inequality in CEECs. However, random effects and the dynamic GMM results indicate that income inequality was significantly reduced by the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development. The authorities in CEECs are therefore urged to implement mining growth and infrastructural development-oriented policies in order to successfully fight off the twin challenges of poverty and income inequality.

scholarly journals Psychological Mechanisms Linking County-Level Income Inequality to Happiness in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2667
Author(s):  
Jiaoli Cai ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yulin Zhao ◽  
Peter Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
County Level ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Background In China, income levels and living standards have improved significantly, but many Chinese citizens still do not feel any happier. This phenomenon may be attributed to increased income inequality. Methods Using data from the 2013 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), we employed multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) to investigate the impact of county-level income inequality on individual-level happiness in China and multilevel mediation analysis with structural equation modeling (MMSEM) to explore the mechanisms through which income inequality impacted happiness. Results A negative relationship between income inequality and happiness was found. The negative association between them was explained by two psychological mechanisms, i.e., fairness and trust. The findings explained a “Chinese puzzle,” i.e., why people do not feel happier despite improved income and living standards. Conclusions Our findings may provide a reference for policy makers to implement policies designed to improve individual happiness. What is important now is to reduce income inequality, and to potentially improve perceptions of fairness and trust in China.

scholarly journals Are Commercial Agent Banking Services Worthwhile For Financial Inclusion?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Md. Imran Hossain ◽  
Md. Al-Amin ◽  
Md Abu Toha
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
The Impact

In recent times, commercial agent banking services have got considerable attention from academia and the banking industry for accelerating financial inclusion in emerging economies. However, it's incomprehensible to accelerate the economic progression through financial inclusion while ignoring a huge segment of the nonbank people from unprivileged areas. A very few studies have been conducted on the association between agent banking services and financial inclusion in emerging economies such as Bangladesh. The present study aims to investigate the impact of agent banking services provided by commercial banks on financial inclusion. To begin with the investigation, this study was based on agency theory considering the purposive sampling technique. This quantitative study was conducted on 19 commercial banks which are currently providing agent banking services in Bangladesh. An econometric model was proposed whereas the dependent construct has one specific dimension named as financial inclusion proxy by several accounts as a percentage of the adult population, in contrast, the independent construct had three dimensions named as-deposited amount, credited amount, and inward remittance of agent bank. In addition to that, this econometric model was based on secondary data whereas data analysis was conducted by considering panel data statistical method using GRETL (2019) software. This statistical analysis revealed that currently both the deposited amount and credited amount do have a significant impact on financial inclusion.  It has also been inferred that using agent banking for in-warding remittance and new accounts open by clients have a positive significant relationship with financial inclusion. It is argued that agent banking services by comprising unbanked people in financial inclusion will ultimately prompt the opportunity for proper mobilization of resources and funds while maintaining safety and security. Further, it is also claimed that this study would assist to illustrate the present performance of agent banking services in financial inclusion from a multidimensional perspective which will contribute to providing some more innovative and sustainable products and services towards the unbanked people. Finally, this study recommends that commercial banks through agent banking should include a maximum number of nonbank populations into the financial inclusion by ensuring sustainable agent banking services which will accelerate the emerging economics Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) performance.

scholarly journals Impact of Socio Economics Variables on Poverty: An Empirical Analysis for District Chitral of KPK Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Faiz Muhammad ◽  
Amjad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of socioeconomic variables on household poverty in Chitral valley, the largest district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The household poverty index has been constructed while calculating multidimensional poverty index for each household. For this purpose, a representative sample of 252 households has been surveyed while distributing a questionnaire to each household. The data have been collected through stratified sampling technique and the collected data then analyzed while applying descriptive statistical tools and regression techniques. The regression analysis was done while taking explanatory variables as income of the household, the gender of household head, lives stock population of household, age of household head and dependence ratio of the household. Results of the regression analysis show that lives stock population and income of household have significant negative impact on household poverty. The results further reveal that dependency ratio has also significant positive impact on household poverty. Different diagnostics tests have also been applied in order to test the assumptions of the linear regression model and the results of all the diagnostics show the absence of econometric problems in the estimated model. 

scholarly journals Small and Medium Scale Enterprises’ Activities and Eonomic Developmemnt in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Ukamaka P. Chidume ◽  
Simeon G. Nenbee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Impact

This paper assesses the impact of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) activities on economic development in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. To achieve this theme, an instrument Called Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Survey Questionnaire (SMEQ) was developed which focused more on employment generation and poverty reduction. The population of the study was chosen based on the two thousand six hundred and thirty-four (2634) registered SMEs with the Rivers State Ministry of Commerce and Industry in 2019. Based on simple random sampling technique, a total of three hundred and thirty-eight (338) respondents were sampled. Relying on descriptive statistics and logistic regression estimation techniques, the data were analyzed. Analyses of the respondents’ opinion suggest that the major businesses engaged in the study area were restaurant, tailoring and beauty/hair dressing. Again, majority of the respondents were of the opinion that SMEs operators do not have increased access to basic social-economic amenities. The output of the logistic regression result has it that an increase in firm size can improve the chances of SMEs fostering economic development in Obio-Akpor while increase in the salary of employees could also enhance the chances of SMEs to redress the rising poverty level too. The paper thus recommends that employment tax incentives should be granted to proprietors of SMEs and taming of the rising insecurity cases across the country.   Received: 11 September 2021 / Accepted: 25 November 2021 / Published: 5 January 2022

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document