scholarly journals Development and Sustainability of Rural Economy of Pakistan through Local Community Support for CPEC

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Inam Ullah Khalil ◽  
Sehresh Hena ◽  
Usman Ghani ◽  
Raza Ullah ◽  
Inayatullah Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Local Populace

This paper investigates the local community support for the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) using the lens of social exchange theory. The study examines the direct effect of social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors on the local community support for CPEC projects, and the resultant impacts on the development and sustainability of the rural economy of Pakistan. The study also explores the moderation effect of media influence on shaping positive perceptions of CPEC among the local populace. The local communities at the CPEC route which are affected or can be affected by the project were targeted for data collection using a structured questionnaire. The collected valid data (N = 259) were thoroughly analyzed by obtaining reliability and validity statistics, a correlation matrix, multiple regression, moderation analysis, and hypotheses testing. Our results substantiate that the local community support for the CPEC project is heavily dependent on social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors and that there is a positive influence of media impact as an opinion-maker in the local community regarding the CPEC. The CPEC is expected to develop the rural economy, particularly through improvements in agriculture and allied activities, thereby providing livelihoods and income-generating opportunities to the rural masses. The article is important for regulators, the CPEC authority, government bodies, and the relevant community.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATION RESTRUCTURING ON PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED MEDIA FIRMS IN KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-101
Author(s):  
Fridah Kinyua ◽  
Allan Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Planned Change ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
Media Firms

Purpose: The current study sought to establish the influence of organization restructuring on performance of selected media firms in Kenya. The study specifically sought to establish the influence of cost restructuring, governance reformation, downsizing and processes centralization on performance of selected media firms in Kenya. Methodology: The theories that guided the study includes Transaction Cost Theory, Agency Theory, Social Exchange Theory and Planned Change Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of the study comprised of three media firms in Kenya (Nation Media Group, Royal Media Services and Standard Group Limited). A total of 340 employees in the managerial positions of the selected media firms were targeted in the study. The study adopted Yamane (1967) sampling formula in acquiring a sample of 183 respondents. The study used quantitative data that was collected from respondents using 5 point Likert scales questionnaire with closed ended questions. A pilot test was conducted prior data collection to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The study findings were presented in form of tables and figures for easier interpretation. Findings: The study established that Cost Restructuring, Governance Reformation and Downsizing positively and significantly influences performances of media firms and that increase in one indicator increases the levels of performances. Process Centralization was found to positively influence performance levels of media firms but to insignificant levels. Unique Contribution to Theory Practice and Policy: The study provided recommendations to the media firms to enhance their cost restructuring practices since the practice bears positive influence on performance, to capitalize on reforming their respective governance since the practice bears positive influence on performance, to enhance downsizing activity since the practice bears positive influence on performance and to partly focus on enhancing centralization processes since the practice bears positive but insignificant influence on performance.

The emergence of servant leadership and its effectiveness in bureaucratic organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235-1249
Author(s):  
Jungin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bureaucratic Organizations

PurposeBy following the leadership theory, social exchange theory and social learning theory, we aimed to examine the conditions under which servant leadership (SL) develops in bureaucratic organizations and explore its influences on organizational culture and member behavior.Design/methodology/approachBased on a survey of the South Korean Army, this study conducted the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis to investigate the research model.FindingsWe found that SL was positively associated with formalized organizational structure and negatively associated with centralized organizational structure. Additionally, SL created a relation-oriented organizational culture (ROOC) and significantly enhanced battalion members' organizational commitment (OC). Furthermore, ROOC significantly mediated the relationship between SL and OC.Originality/valueThese results suggest that SL could emerge in both formalized and decentralized bureaucratic organizations. Moreover, SL appears to create an organizational culture that promotes collaboration, and such a ROOC seems to mediate the positive influence of SL on followers' OC.

scholarly journals Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad ◽  
T. Ramayah ◽  
Jinsoo Hwang ◽  
Insin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Though community empowerment and sustainable tourism development (STD) have been discussed in the existing literature, little research has focused on the elaborate mechanisms between these two variables. Therefore, the present study examines the relationship between community empowerment and STD, along with the mediating role played by community support for tourism. Using social exchange theory, this research establishes theoretical relationships between vital variables for STD. A survey of empirical study was undertaken, and data were collected from 353 local residents in the northern area of Pakistan. The results for data analyses demonstrated a significant relationship between community empowerment and STD initiatives, and community support for tourism was shown to partially mediate the relationship between the two variables. The findings imply that high community empowerment enables the community to establish successful sustainable tourism development through local people’s support for tourism. This study contributes theoretically to identifying the idea that community members’ support for tourism has a crucial function bridging the link from community empowerment to sustain tourism in a local area.

scholarly journals Nexus among Perceived Organizational Politics and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Under the lenses of Social Exchange Perceptions

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Ayesha Nawal ◽  
Zainudin Awang ◽  
Asad ur Rehman ◽  
Hamid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Employee-organization relationship is most debatable and interested phenomena of organizational behavior research stream. This study aims to investigate the influence of perceived organizational politics on organizational citizenship behavior under the lenses of social exchange theory. This study also propose that perceptions of social exchange not only mitigate the influence of perceived organizational politics but also enhance employees’ voluntary efforts to engage in extra-role behaviors. Data was collected from the staff of SMEs operating in Lahore, Pakistan. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from target respondents. Results revealed that perceived organizational politics do not directly have negative influence on organizational citizenship behavior. However, perceived organizational politics has effect on social exchange perceptions and social exchange perceptions have positive influence on citizenship behavior. Indirect relationship exists among POP and OCB which is fully mediated by social exchange perceptions.

Exploring the effects of “excessive tourism growth” on public health and ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferika Ozer Sari ◽  
Murat Nazli
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Local People ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Contribution

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore and understand the effects of excessive tourism growth on public health, local people and the ecosystem. The secondary purpose of the study is to link excessive tourism growth to social exchange theory, in terms of interchanging key resources of tourism destinations.Design/methodology/approachThis is an exploratory study where qualitative research methods are employed. Telephone interview technique is used to obtain data from academicians who work at various universities in Turkey. Content analysis and thematic analysis with an inductive approach are made by use of MAXQDA software program.FindingsFindings reveal that the satisfaction of local people is an important gain in terms of the economy, but the destruction of the ecosystem due to the excessive crowd, in a sense, overtourism, garbage and too much waste is striking disadvantage based on the responses. Risk of contagious disease, effects on the natural environment and wastes are stated to have huge impacts on the public health and ecosystem.Practical implicationsThe study identifies some implications in terms of imbalance and unfairness among the locals who face with excessive crowds. Managing the effects of excessive tourism growth on vulnerable destinations and local people, controlling the carrying capacity in destinations with anxiety, fear, depression, health problems and low living standards should be taken under consideration. Additionally, finding ways to get rid of infectious diseases (such as increasing health checkpoints at borders, investigating the carrying capacity of destinations) is important for tourism spots.Originality/valueAs a major theoretical contribution, this study links excessive tourism growth to social exchange theory and reveals that the degree of exchanging valuable resources in the destination and the level of interaction between locals and tourists are the most critical points for the well-being of the local community and ecosystem.

Roles of Emerging HRM and Employee Commitment: Evidence from the Banking Industry of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rabiul Basher Rubel ◽  
Nadia Newaz Rimi ◽  
Tim Walters
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Employee Development ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Structural Equation Analysis ◽  
Equation Analysis

This study examines the roles emerging human resource management (HRM) plays in enhancing employee commitment to the organization from the perspective of social exchange theory (SET). In this relationship, HRM roles represent the mechanisms through which managers’ actions, behaviours and HRM procedures affect employees’ commitment to the organization. A self-administered questionnaire survey was employed for data collection from a sample of 217 respondents drawn from front-line employees working in private commercial banking organizations in Bangladesh. Using structural equation analysis, the results indicated a significant and positive influence of the roles of emerging HRM, namely, procedural justice, organizational communication, empowerment, employee development and participation as determinants of employee commitment to the organization. In this study, the five-dimensional emerging HRM roles had a positive relationship with employee commitment to the organization. Thus, organizations and their top management should have interest in, and nourish, a supportive HRM environment, and must provide a strong priority to HRM through which they will demonstrate their commitment to open communication, empowerment, participation, investment in employee development and a just environment to get employee commitment in a long-lasting, high-quality commitment-focused relationship.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence Mechanism of Platform Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Extra-Role Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wenjun Liu ◽  
Chenye Wang ◽  
Lin Ding ◽  
Cuibo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Role Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corporate Social

Platform enterprises, which are growing in both quantity and scale, have been inseparable from modern life. In China, the laws specific to platform enterprises fall behind their ever-changing business model. Hence, it is an urgent requirement that platform enterprises undertake their social responsibilities, which will influence consumer extra-role behaviors besides bringing reputation advantages to the enterprises. Based on the motivation theory and social exchange theory, this paper divides corporate social responsibility (CSR) into business ethical responsibility and public welfare responsibility using the CSR division method proposed by McWilliams and Siegel, puts forward self-moral restraint as the proxy variable for business ethical responsibility and explains the relationship between CSR and customer extra-role behavior. It is found that customer extra-role behavior is positively influenced by platform enterprises’ social responsibility. The perception of interest consensus exerts a positive influence on extra-role behavior, so does the perception of service identity. The public welfare responsibility is positively influenced by business ethical responsibility.

Perceived Organizational Support and Intention to Stay: The Mediating Effect of Employee Engagement

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452110425
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Nargotra ◽  
Rajani Kumari Sarangal
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Intention To Stay ◽  
The Relationship

The present study intends to investigate the influence of perceived organizational support (POS) on employee intention to stay (ITS) in an organization. Further, study examines the mediating role of employee engagement (EE) on the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and employee intention to stay (ITS). Data has been collected from 323 employees working in three major private telecom companies, namely, Airtel Limited, Vodafone–Idea Limited and Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited operating in J&K (UT). Data has been scrutinized using structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings of the study indicates that POS has a significant positive influence on ITS and EE, partially mediates the relationship between POS and ITS. The study has significant implications for managers as well as practitioners. First, it contributes to social exchange theory by understanding employees’ perception about organizational support on their intention to stay via engagement. Second, it encourages managers to cultivate an environment of support in order to engage the employees because only the engaged employees show intense desire to stay with their organization. It is the first study that examines the indirect impact of POS on ITS via EE.

The Influence of HRIS Usage on Employee Performance and Mediating Effects of Employee Engagement in Five Stars Hotels in Jordan

2022 ◽  
pp. 1468-1489
Author(s):  
Rand H. Al-Dmour
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Resource Information ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of employee engagement with their work as a mediating factor in the relationship between utilisation of a human resource information system (HRIS) and employee performance in five-star hotels in Jordan. A conceptual framework based on social exchange theory and content analysis of similar previous studies was developed. A quantitative approach and simple random sampling were used to obtain data via questionnaires completed by 221 human resources (HR) employees working at 21 five-star hotels in Jordan. The response rate was 71%. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse and verify the study variables. The findings revealed that use of a HRIS had a significant positive influence on both employee performance and work engagement, while the latter acted as a partial mediator between HRIS utilisation and employee performance.

scholarly journals Exploring Host Community Perception of Panchor Town for Tourist Destination based on Social Exchange Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mazni Saad ◽  
Nur Nabilah Abdullah ◽  
Siti Nur Hidayah Rosman
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Environmental Attitude

This paper explores the significance of a rural region, the village of Panchor, as a potential nature tourism site located in Johor district of Muar, Malaysia. The study's objectives were (1) evaluating local community funding, and (2) evaluating the participation of local government. Three overlapping topics were explored based on qualitative interpretation of an interview and open-ended answers in the questionnaire: (1) group connection, (2) economic benefits, and (3) environmental attitude. The findings revealed that river-based tourism could improve the socio-economic status and the sustainability of rural areas. It also addressed the consequences and limitations of the study in this report. Keywords: Community Attachment; Economic Gains; Environmental Attitude; River-based Tourism eISSN 2398-4295 ©2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER); Association of  Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians (ABRA); Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.191

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