scholarly journals Rivers and Wastewater-Treatment Plants as Microplastic Pathways to Eastern Mediterranean Waters: First Records for the Aegean Sea, Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5328
Author(s):  
Christina Zeri ◽  
Argyro Adamopoulou ◽  
Angeliki Koi ◽  
Nicholas Koutsikos ◽  
Efthymios Lytras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

The present work provides the first records on microplastic (MP) amounts and types in rivers and wastewater effluents entering the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean. Two rivers were sampled using a manta net (mesh size, 0.33 mm): a small urban and a medium-sized river with a rural, semiurban catchment. MPs in wastewater samples were collected at two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) within the Athens metropolitan area after secondary treatment and from a pilot biological membrane unit (MBR), using a series of sieves. MPs in the samples were identified using stereoscopic image analysis and spectroscopic techniques. MP concentrations in the rivers were found to be variable, with as high as 27.73 items m−3 in the urban river. Differences in MP shape types, sizes, and polymer types reflect catchment size and usage. MP concentration in wastewater effluents was found to be 100 times higher in the secondary treatment (213 items m−3) than that in the pilot MBR (2.29 items m−3), with filaments and polymers indicative of synthetic textiles and household use. Further research is needed in order to accurately determine variability in MP concentrations and fluxes from these two pathways in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and elucidate the role of rivers in MP retention.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Upgrading Primary Wastewater Treatment Plants to Secondary Treatment Including a Circular Economy Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117862212093585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim M Morsy ◽  
Mohamed K Mostafa ◽  
Khaled Z Abdalla ◽  
Mona M Galal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
The Impact

Although significant progress has been achieved in the field of environmental impact assessment in many engineering disciplines, the impact of wastewater treatment plants has not yet been well integrated. In light of this remarkable scientific progress, the outputs of the plants as treated water and clean sludge have become potential sources of irrigation and energy, not a waste. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of upgrading the wastewater treatment plants from primary to secondary treatment. The Lifecycle Assessment Framework (ISO 14040 and 14044) was applied using GaBi Software. Abu Rawash wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has been taken as a case study. Two scenarios were studied, Scenario 1 is the current situation of the WWTP using the primary treatment units and Scenario 2 is upgrading the WWTP by adding secondary treatment units. The study highlighted the influence and cumulative impact of upgrading all the primary WWTPs in Egypt to secondary treatment. With the high amount of energy consumed in the aeration process, energy recovery methods were proposed to boost the circular economy concept in Abu Rawash WWTP in order to achieve optimal results from environmental and economic perspectives.

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment on Shrimp Processing Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Alvin Rahardian Alviano ◽  
Sapto Andriyono
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Inlet Channel ◽  
Screening Process

Increasingly rapid industrial development poses serious environmental problems such as wastewater.The higher the number of production, the more waste that wasted and can decrease the environment quality. Fieldwork practice activity is carried out starting from the date of January 20, 2014, until February 15, 2014. The purpose of this fieldwork practice is to acquire knowledge and skills on the field of wastewater treatment technique and to know the parameters of the wastewater inlet and outlet channels in comparison with wastewater quality standards. The method that used in Field Work Practice This is descriptive, the method to describe the circumstances or events in a particular region. The result obtained from fieldwork practice known that wastewater treatment techniques consist of preliminary treatment activities, primary treatment, secondary treatment, sedimentation, and disinfection. Preliminary treatment activities is a filtering process substantial in the wastewater that comes out of the inlet channel using four mesh size of the net. The primary treatment for separating solids that escaped from the screening process and disposed to wastewater reservoirs. Secondary treatment activity including Aerobacter sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrobacter sp., Bacillus sp. of bacteria and oxygen addition inside of wastewater. Sedimentation phase separation process is carried out suspended solids in wastewater using clarifier pond. Disinfection stage which activities the addition of chlorine with 222 ppm of doses to kill harmful pathogens. The final stage test to determine the parameters of wastewater effluent quality by using living fishes and taking the sample from another institution.

Struvite control through process and facility design as well as operation strategy

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Neethling ◽  
M. Benisch
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Operation Strategy ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Struvite deposition is a common problem in municipal wastewater treatment plants and can be signi?cant if not anticipated, but struvite deposits are completely manageable if properly addressed. This paper summarises experiences from a number of facilities that have dealt successfully with struvite problems, elaborates on the interrelations between secondary treatment and anaerobic digestion, and outlines an approach to control struvite and available alternatives.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium Attenuation across the Wastewater Treatment Train: Recycled Water Fit for Purpose

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon King ◽  
Stella Fanok ◽  
Renae Phillips ◽  
Melody Lau ◽  
Ben van den Akker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Treatment Train

ABSTRACT Compliance with guideline removal targets for Cryptosporidium which do not provide any credit for the inactivation of oocysts through wastewater treatment processes can considerably increase the cost of providing recycled water. Here we present the application of an integrated assay to quantify both oocyst numbers and infectivity levels after various treatment stages at three Victorian and two South Australian (SA) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Oocyst density in the raw sewage was commensurate with community disease burden, with early rounds of sampling capturing a widespread cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Victoria. The level of infectivity of oocysts in sewage was stable throughout the year but was significantly lower at the SA WWTPs. Removals across secondary treatment processes were seasonal, with poorer removals associated with inflow variability; however, no decrease in the oocyst infectivity was identified. For SA WWTPs, those oocysts remaining within the secondary treatment-clarified effluent were proportionally more infectious than those in raw sewage. Lagoon systems demonstrated significant inactivation or removal of oocysts, with attenuation being seasonal. Examination of a UV system emphasized its efficacy as a disinfectant barrier but conversely confirmed the importance of a multibarrier approach with the detection of infectious oocysts postdisinfection. The ability to characterize risk from infectious oocysts revealed that the risk from Cryptosporidium is significantly lower than previously thought and that its inclusion in quantitative risk assessments of reuse systems will more accurately direct the selection of treatment strategies and capital expenditure, influencing the sustainability of such schemes. IMPORTANCE Here we present the application of a recently developed integrated assay not only to quantify the removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts but also to quantify their infectivity across various treatment stages at five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), thereby better measuring the “true effect” of the treatment train on oocyst risk reduction. For a number of the WWTPs analyzed in this study the risk, is significantly lower than previously thought. Therefore, the inclusion of oocyst infectivity in guideline values and in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has the potential to affect future treatment directions and capital expenditure.

scholarly journals Experience from the Implementation and Operation of the Biological Membrane Reactor (MBR) at the Modernized Wastewater Treatment Plant in Wydminy

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Skoczko ◽  
Pawel Puzowski ◽  
Ewa Szatyłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Secondary Settling

Biological membrane reactors or membrane bioreactors (MBRs) based on pressure separation techniques are placed among the latest and most modern methods of wastewater treatment. Currently, this method is becoming more and more popular and is being implemented in smaller and larger wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, technologists, operators, and managers of small WWTPs often do not understand the MBR technology installed in their sites and need extensive professional and technological information. The aim of this study was to analyze the modernized WWTP in a small town of Wydminy, located in northeastern Poland in the Great Masurian Lakes region, where the traditional secondary settling tank was replaced by an MBR. The effectiveness of wastewater treatment before modernization and after installation of the membrane module was compared. On the basis of the conducted research, it was noted that the operation of the plant after modernization is more cost-intensive. There were additional electricity costs due to ensuring adequate pressure on the membrane. Nevertheless, the obtained results of the removal of contaminants place the plant in Wydminy in the group of the most effective Polish sewage treatment plants, as compared to the results obtained in other facilities. The MBR operation also places high demands on the exploiters, prompting them to observe even the smallest changes. The conducted research is a type of a case study, which could give the readers an understanding of the necessity of traditional WWTP modernization with MBR.

scholarly journals Triclosan, chlorinated triclosan derivatives, and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs) in wastewater effluents

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Noah Hensley ◽  
Jill F. Kerrigan ◽  
Hao Pang ◽  
Paul R. Erickson ◽  
Matthew Grandbois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Small Capacity ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Triclosan, chlorinated triclosan derivatives, and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs) were detected in large and small capacity wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Sustainability of decentralized wastewater treatment technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Capodaglio ◽  
A. Callegari ◽  
D. Cecconet ◽  
D. Molognoni
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment

In many Countries, small communities are required to treat wastewater discharges to increasing standards of lesser environmental impacts, but must achieve that goal at locally sustainable costs. While biological membrane treatment (membrane bio-reactors (MBRs)) is quickly becoming the industry standard for centralized wastewater treatment plants, and would also be ideally suited also for small plants potentially subject to relatively large hydraulic load variations, its investment and operating costs are usually high for that class of applications. Consequently, small treatment plants are generally configured as anoxic or aerated biological tanks with little sedimentation, making them quite susceptible to hydraulic loads transient and sludge quality changes. As an alternative, Constructed Wetlands Systems (CWSs) are gradually and successfully being introduced in many Countries. CWSs are designed to utilise the natural functions of wetland vegetation, soils and their microbiological populations to treat wastewater. Pretreatment occurs by filtration and settling, followed by bacterial decomposition in a natural-looking lined marsh. A new technology, a new type of membrane-like aerobic reactor initially designed for the degradation of hydrocarbon-derived groundwater contaminants, was recently tested for treating domestic, with performance similar to that of MBRs. Examples from the above applications are illustrated and compared in this paper. The paper also discusses merits and drawbacks of the various illustrated technologies, in view of their sustainability potential, and according to the new development paradigms for urban water systems, that encourage the development of local water-cycle clusters with local reuse and recycle of the resource, and possible local recovery of energy and/or materials.

scholarly journals Contaminants of Emerging Concern in African Wastewater Effluents: Occurrence, Impact and Removal Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Mohamed Chaker Necibi ◽  
Driss Dhiba ◽  
Souad El Hajjaji
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Algal Toxins ◽  
Risk Assessment Models ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Worldwide, the pollution of water bodies by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds, flame retardants including brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and perfluorochemicals (PFCs), micro plastics, nanomaterials, and algal toxins, to name just a few, is creating a new set of challenges to the conventional wastewater treatment facilities, which demonstrate inefficiency in removing/degrading many CECs. As a consequence, environmentalists started to detect the presence of some of those contaminants at alarming levels in certain countries, with possible negative effects on aquatic species and often increased potential for human health risks through the exposure to the contaminated waters, or the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture and household use. Such issues are more accentuated in the African continent due to various socio-economic problems giving rise to poor sanitation systems and serious shortages in wastewater treatment plants in many regions, making it difficult to tackle the problem of conventional pollutants, let alone to deal with the more challenging CECs. Thus, in order to effectively deal with this emerging environmental threat, African researchers are working to develop and optimize sound sampling and analytical procedures, risk assessment models, and efficient remediation technologies. In this review, related recent research efforts conducted in African universities and research institutions will be presented and discussed with respect to the occurrence and assessment of CECs in African wastewater effluents, the potential risks to aquatic ecosystems and humans, the tailored remediation techniques, along with some knowledge gaps and new research directions.

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