scholarly journals Source Apportionment of Inorganic Solutes in Surface Waters of Lake Baikal Watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5389
Author(s):  
Mikhail Y. Semenov ◽  
Yuri M. Semenov ◽  
Anton V. Silaev ◽  
Larisa A. Begunova
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Inorganic Solutes ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Silicate Rocks ◽  
Anthropogenic Wastes

The aim of this study was to obtain a detailed picture of the origin of the anthropogenic and natural inorganic solutes in the surface waters of the Lake Baikal watershed using limited data on solute sources. To reveal the origin of solutes, the chemical composition of water was considered as a mixture of solutes from different sources such as rocks and anthropogenic wastes. The end-member mixing approach (EMMA), based on the observation that the element ratios in water uncorrelated with one another are those that exhibit differences in values across the different types of rocks and anthropogenic wastes, was used for source apportionment. According to the results of correlation analysis, two tracers of sources of most abundant ions present in riverine waters were selected. The first tracer was the ratio of combined concentration of calcium and magnesium ions to concentration of potassium ion ((Ca2+ + Mg2+)/K+), and the second tracer was the ratio of sulfate and bicarbonate ion concentrations (SO42−/HCO3−). Using these tracers, three sources of main ions in water, such as sulfide-bearing silicate rocks, non-sulfide silicate rocks and carbonate rocks, were apportioned. The results of cluster analysis showed the possibility of using the ratios of strontium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium concentrations (Sr/Fe, Sr/Mn, Ni/V, Mo/V) as tracers of the trace element sources. The use of these tracers and the obtained data on sources of main ions showed the possibility of identifying the natural trace element sources and distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic trace element sources.

scholarly journals Barium stable isotopes as a fingerprint of biological cycling in the Amazon River basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 5989-6015
Author(s):  
Quentin Charbonnier ◽  
Julien Bouchez ◽  
Jérôme Gaillardet ◽  
Éric Gayer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Silicate Weathering ◽  
Biological Cycling ◽  
Biological Uptake ◽  
Dissolved Load ◽  
Silicate Rocks

Abstract. The biological cycle of rock-derived nutrients on the continents is a major component of element transfer between the Earth's surface compartments, but its magnitude currently remains elusive. The use of the stable isotope composition of rock-derived nutrients, which can be fractionated during biological uptake, provides a promising path forward with respect to quantifying biological cycling and its overall contribution to global element cycling. In this paper, we rely on the nutrient-like behaviour of the trace element barium (Ba) and use its elemental and stable isotope compositions in dissolved and sediment load river samples to investigate biological cycling in the Amazon Basin. From these measurements, we show that dissolved Ba mainly derives from silicate rocks, and a correlation between dissolved Ba and K abundances suggests that biological cycling plays a role in the Ba river budget. Furthermore, the isotope composition of Ba (δ138Ba) in the dissolved load was found to be significantly different from that of the parent silicate rocks, implying that dissolved Ba isotopic signatures are affected by (i) the precipitation of soil-forming secondary phases as well as (ii) biological uptake and release from dead organic matter. Results from an isotope mass balance method applied to the river dissolved load data indicate that, after its release to solution by rock weathering, Ba is partitioned between the river dissolved load, secondary weathering products (such as those found in soils and river sediments), and the biota. In most sub-catchments of the Amazon, river Ba abundances and isotope compositions are significantly affected by biological cycling. Relationships between estimates of Ba cycled through biota and independent metrics of ecosystem dynamics (such as gross primary production and terrestrial ecosystem respiration) allow us to discuss the role of environmental parameters such as climate or erosion rates on the biological cycling of Ba and, by extension, the role of major rock-derived nutrients. In addition, catchment-scale mass and isotope budgets of Ba show that the measured riverine export of Ba is lower than the estimated delivery of Ba to the Earth surface through rock alteration. This indicates the existence of a missing Ba component, which we attribute to the formation of Ba-bearing particulate organics (possibly accumulating as soil organic matter or currently growing biomass within the catchments) and to organic-bound Ba exported as “unsampled” river particulate organic matter. Given our findings on the trace element Ba, we explore whether the river fluxes of most major rock-derived nutrients (K, Mg, Ca) might also be significantly affected by biological uptake or release. A first-order correction of river-derived silicate weathering fluxes from biological cycling shows that the carbon dioxide (CO2) consumption by silicate weathering at the mouth of the Amazon could be several times higher than the previously reported value of 13 × 109 mol CO2 yr−1 (Gaillardet et al., 1997). Overall, our study clearly shows that the chemical and isotope compositions of rivers in the Amazon – and most likely in other large river basins – bear a biological imprint, thereby challenging common assumptions made in weathering studies.

Modes of iron-manganese mineralization on the bottom of Lake Baikal

Oceanology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Baturin ◽  
V. I. Peresypkin ◽  
E. A. Zhegallo
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Manganese Mineralization ◽  
Iron Manganese

Lake-wide assessment of microplastics in the surface waters of Lake Baikal, Siberia

Limnology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne V. Moore ◽  
Masumi Yamamuro ◽  
Oleg A. Timoshkin ◽  
Alena A. Shirokaya ◽  
Yutaka Kameda
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Surface Waters

Trace element data for U.S.G.S. reference silicate rocks

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Thompson ◽  
Donald C. Bankston ◽  
Susan M. Pasley
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Data ◽  
Element Data ◽  
Silicate Rocks

scholarly journals Relationships between Maternal and Fetal Liver Copper, Iron, Manganese, and Zinc Concentrations and Fetal Development in California Holstein Dairy Cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Graham ◽  
Mark C. Thurmond ◽  
F. Charles Mohr ◽  
Charles A. Holmberg ◽  
Mark L. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Flame Spectrophotometry ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Associations between maternal trace element deficiencies and abortion have been made for many mammalian species. Objectives of this study were to estimate and correlate maternal and fetal hepatic Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations through gestation. Additionally, aborted fetuses, stratified by cause of abortion (infectious or noninfectious), were compared to size-matched nonaborted fetuses to examine for magnitude and direction of change in hepatic trace element status. Dam and fetal liver were removed at slaughter from 103 Holstein dairy cows judged grossly normal by ante- and postmortem examination. Liver samples were collected from fetuses submitted by veterinarians for routine diagnosis of abortion (n = 80). Hepatic Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were determined by flame spectrophotometry. Comparisons of groups, estimations of correlations, and derived prediction equations were made by least-squares methods. Maternal liver Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations did not vary during gestation. Compared with the dam, fetal liver Fe and Zn concentrations were higher ( P < 0.05), fetal Cu concentrations were similar ( P > 0.05), and fetal liver Mn concentrations were lower ( P < 0.05). As fetal size increased, fetal liver Cu and Zn concentrations increased (P < 0.05), fetal liver Fe concentration decreased ( P < 0.05), and fetal liver Mn did not change ( P > 0.05). Aborted fetuses had lower liver Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations than did nonaborted fetuses ( P < 0.05). Liver Fe concentration was lower in aborted fetuses than in nonaborted fetuses in the second trimester only ( P < 0.05). Consistently lower liver Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in aborted fetuses suggest a nonspecific change in trace element status, which implies an effect of abortion, not a cause of abortion.

Indicators of the Pollution of Surface Waters of the Lake Baikal Watershed by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2018 ◽  
Vol 483 (1) ◽  
pp. 1463-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Semenov ◽  
V. A. Snytko ◽  
I. I. Marinaite ◽  
A. V. Silaev ◽  
Yu. M. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Source apportionment of highly time resolved trace elements during a firework episode from a rural freeway site in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Rai ◽  
Markus Furger ◽  
Jay Slowik ◽  
Francesco Canonaco ◽  
Roman Fröhlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Positive Matrix ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Transient Sources ◽  
Elemental Mass ◽  
Pm10 Mass ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. Trace element measurements in PM10 were performed with 1 h time resolution at a rural freeway site during summer 2015 in Switzerland using the Xact multi-metals monitor. On average the Xact 625 elements (without accounting for oxygen and other associated elements) make up about 20 % of the total PM10 mass (14.6 µg m−3). Subsequently, a source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF) implemented via the Source Finder software (SoFi Pro) was applied. Eight different sources were identified (notable elements in brackets) for PM10: fireworks-I (K, S, Ba, Cl), fireworks-II (K), sea salt (Cl), secondary sulfate (S), background dust (Si, Ti), road dust (Ca), traffic-related (Fe) and industrial (Zn, Pb). The major components were secondary sulfate and traffic-related followed by background dust and road dust factors, explaining 21 %, 20 %, 18 % and 16 % of the analysed PM10 elemental mass, respectively, with the factor mass not corrected for oxygen content. Further, there are minor contributions (on the order of a few percent) of sea salt and industrial sources. The regionally influenced secondary sulfate factor experiences negligible resuspension, and concentrations are similar throughout the day. The significant loads of the traffic-related and road dust factors with strong diurnal variations highlight the continuing importance of vehicle-related air pollutants at this site. Enhanced control of PMF using SoFi Pro allowed for a successful apportionment of transient sources such as the two firework factors and sea salt, which remained mixed when analysed by unconstrained PMF.

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