scholarly journals Moving Ad Hoc Networks—A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6187
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdulhakim Al-Absi ◽  
Ahmed Abdulhakim Al-Absi ◽  
Mangal Sain ◽  
Hoonjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Wireless Transceivers ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Wireless Mobile Communication ◽  
Hoc Networks

An ad hoc network is a wireless mobile communication network composed of a group of mobile nodes with wireless transceivers. It does not rely on preset infrastructure and is established temporarily. The mobile nodes of the network use their own wireless transceivers to exchange information; when the information is not within the communication range, other intermediate nodes can be used to relay to achieve communication. They can be widely used in environments that cannot be supported by wired networks or which require communication temporarily, such as military applications, sensor networks, rescue and disaster relief, and emergency response. In MANET, each node acts as a host and as a router, and the nodes are linked through wireless channels in the network. One of the scenarios of MANET is VANET; VANET is supported by several types of fixed infrastructure. Due to its limitations, this infrastructure can support some VANET services and provide fixed network access. FANET is a subset of VANET. SANET is one of the common types of ad hoc networks. This paper could serve as a guide and reference so that readers have a comprehensive and general understanding of wireless ad hoc networks and their routing protocols at a macro level with a lot of good, related papers for reference. However, this is the first paper that discusses the popular types of ad hoc networks along with comparisons and simulation tools for Ad Hoc Networks.

Game Theory for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
pp. 130-145
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Ieee 802.11 Wireless Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Device

An ad hoc network typically refers to any set of networks where all devices have equal status on a network and are free to associate with any other ad hoc network device in link range. In particular, ad hoc network often refers to a mode of operation of IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks. The decentralized nature of wireless ad hoc networks makes them suitable for a variety of applications where central nodes cannot be relied on and may improve the scalability of networks compared to wireless managed networks, though theoretical and practical limits to the overall capacity of such networks have been identified. This chapter explores this.

Securing Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Victor Pomponiu
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Integrated Networks ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks

The wireless technologies are bringing significant changes to data networking and telecommunication services, making integrated networks a reality. By removing the wires, personal networks, local area networks, mobile radio networks, and cellular systems, offer an entirely distributed mobile computing and communications environment. Due to their unique features such as shared medium, limited resources, and dynamic topology, wireless ad hoc networks are vulnerable to a variety of potential attacks. However, the common security measures employed for wired networks are not enough to protect the nodes of the networks against complex attacks. Therefore, a new line of defense, called intrusion detection, has been added. In this chapter, first we introduce the main wireless technologies along with their characteristics. Then, a description of the attacks that can be mounted on these networks is given. A separate section will review and compare the most recent intrusion detection techniques for wireless ad hoc networks. Finally, based on the current state of the art, the conclusions, and major challenges are discussed.

Energy Conservation Issues and Challenges in MANETs

2012 ◽  
pp. 291-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Kumar Ray ◽  
Ashok Kumar Turuk
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Battery Technology

Energy efficiency is a major issue of concern in wireless ad hoc networks as mobile nodes rely on batteries, which are limited sources of energy, and, in many environments, it is quite a cumbersome task to replace or recharge them. Despite the progress made in battery technology, the lifetime of battery powered devices continues to be a key challenge, requiring additional research on efficient design of platforms, protocols, and systems. Many tangible efforts are made by many researchers to reduce the power consumption at protocol level by designing an energy efficient protocol to prolong the lifetime of the networks. The main focus of this chapter is to present a comprehensive analysis of energy efficient techniques in wireless ad hoc networks, integrating various issues and challenges to provide a big picture in this area. This chapter addresses energy management techniques in wireless ad hoc networks, especially in decentralized ad hoc environments.

A Rendezvous-Location Based Multicast Secure Communication in Ad Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 121-122 ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Tzu Chiang Chiang ◽  
Hua Yi Lin ◽  
Jia Lin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Group Key Management ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Infrastructure

Mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that want to communicate to each others, but has no fixed links like wireless infrastructure networks to provide group applications and services. Therefore we need concern about providing each node with a secure and efficient key management system for dynamically discovering other nodes which can directly communicate with. Due to the network topology of an ad hoc network changes frequently and unpredictable, so the security of multicast routing becomes more challenging than the traditional networks. In this paper, we describe how any users in the multicast group can compose the group keys and propose a hierarchical group key management to securely multicast data from the multicast source to the rest of the multicast members in wireless ad hoc networks. This approach has a hierarchical structure where the group members are partitioned into rendezvous-location based clusters which can reduce the cost of key management. It not only provides the multicast routing information, but also fits the robustness of the wireless networks and reduces the overhead for the security management.

Game Theory for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Game Theory ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 353-368
Author(s):  
Sungwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Ieee 802.11 Wireless Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Device

An ad hoc network typically refers to any set of networks where all devices have equal status on a network and are free to associate with any other ad hoc network device in link range. In particular, ad hoc network often refers to a mode of operation of IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks. The decentralized nature of wireless ad hoc networks makes them suitable for a variety of applications where central nodes cannot be relied on and may improve the scalability of networks compared to wireless managed networks, though theoretical and practical limits to the overall capacity of such networks have been identified. This chapter explores this.

A Framework for Efficient Routing in MANET using Index Routing Tables-based Algorithms

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Gundala Swathi ◽  
R. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Resource Service

Conventional network routing protocols rely on predefined numerical network unique node ID or group identifier for packet delivery, independent of semantic applications. This compels incorporation of resource/service discovery approaches in the design itself, at higher layers of network, causing additional overhead. This overhead, though tolerable in high speed wired networks, significantly restricts the performance in the infrastructure-less wireless ad hoc networks expending their limited battery resources, which are already consumed due to assigning unique identifiers to the naturally anonymous and high mobile nodes. This study proposes a single routing approach which facilitates descriptive and semantically-rich identification of network’s resources/services. This fusion of the discovery processes of the resources and the path based on their similarity in a single phase significantly reduces traffic load and latency of communication considering the generality too. Further, a framework capable of exploiting application-specific semantics of messages, adaptable to diverse traffic patterns is proposed. Analytical results amply illustrate the scalability and efficacy of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Optimized Adaptive Back off Algorithm for Static and Mobile Wireless Ad hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 998-1002
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Mobile Wireless ◽  
Backoff Algorithm ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Packet Drop

In wireless ad hoc networks with stationary and portable nodules situation, planning a backoff procedure is decisive to evade impact and to increase the act of nodules. Majority of the Medium Access Control (MAC) etiquettes intended for ad hoc networks take up stationary nodules situation. In this paper, an Optimized Adaptive Backoff Algorithm (OABA) is proposed for static and mobile wireless ad hoc networks. In this algorithm, during the back off stage, the type of node is determined as static or mobile. For mobile nodes, their residence time is determined in addition to their priority. Then optimized adaptive backoff algorithm is applied, by checking the type of node. Simulation results have shown that OABA achieves higher delivery ratio with minimized delay, packet drop and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Research on the Difficulty of Mobile Node Deployment’s Self-Play in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Huitao Wang ◽  
Ruopeng Yang ◽  
Changsheng Yin ◽  
Xiaofei Zou ◽  
Xuefeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Dynamic Updating

Deep reinforcement learning is one kind of machine learning algorithms which uses the maximum cumulative reward to learn the optimal strategy. The difficulty is how to ensure the fast convergence of the model and generate a large number of sample data to promote the model optimization. Using the deep reinforcement learning framework of the AlphaZero algorithm, the deployment problem of wireless nodes in wireless ad hoc networks is equivalent to the game of Go. A deployment model of mobile nodes in wireless ad hoc networks based on the AlphaZero algorithm is designed. Because the application scenario of wireless ad hoc network does not have the characteristics of chessboard symmetry and invariability, it cannot expand the data sample set by rotating and changing the chessboard orientation. The strategy of dynamic updating learning rate and the method of selecting the latest model to generate sample data are used to solve the problem of fast model convergence.

A Secure Characteristics of Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

2009 ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Sandip Vijay ◽  
S. C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
Specification Requirement

This chapter reviews the secure characteristics of mobile devices that can use wireless networks (adhoc) almost any where and any time, by using one or more wireless network technologies. Currently, most computers communicate with each other by using wired networks. This approach is well suited for stationary computers, but it is not appropriate for mobile devices. These technologies enable the use of infrastructured networks (3GPP) and ad-hoc networks. Furthermore, the authors describe the gateway specification, requirement for implementation for ad-hoc networks. The minimum, essential, and additional functional requirements for effective functionality of gateway are presented in tabular form. At the end, the future functional requirement and the features of multiple ad-hoc networks are also described.

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