scholarly journals Values of Travel Time for Recreational Trips under Different Behavioural Rules

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6831
Author(s):  
Rosa Marina González ◽  
Concepción Román ◽  
Ángel Simón Marrero
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
National Park ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Regret Minimization ◽  
Random Regret Minimization

In this study, discrete choice models that combine different behavioural rules are estimated to study the visitors’ preferences in relation to their travel mode choices to access a national park. Using a revealed preference survey conducted on visitors of Teide National Park (Tenerife, Spain), we present a hybrid model specification—with random parameters—in which we assume that some attributes are evaluated by the individuals under conventional random utility maximization (RUM) rules, whereas others are evaluated under random regret minimization (RRM) rules. We then compare the results obtained using exclusively a conventional RUM approach to those obtained using both RUM and RRM approaches, derive monetary valuations of the different components of travel time and calculate direct elasticity measures. Our results provide useful instruments to evaluate policies that promote the use of more sustainable modes of transport in natural sites. Such policies should be considered as priorities in many national parks, where negative transport externalities such as traffic congestion, pollution, noise and accidents are causing problems that jeopardize not only the sustainability of the sites, but also the quality of the visit.

Impacts of Transit in National Parks and Gateway Communities

2005 ◽  
Vol 1931 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
National Park ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Gateway Communities ◽  
Park Service

The U.S. National Park Service has worked to reduce traffic congestion in parks through a transit service. Consistently, communities around parks that are planning for transit want to know what effects they will experience from introductions or changes in service. This research developed a comprehensive understanding of the encountered effects. Seven case study investigations revealed no clear patterns in visitation changes at parks with recent transit initiatives. Circulation and economic impacts depended on local situations and followed from transit planning decisions. The case study findings provide models that can inform planning for continued expansion of transit on public lands.

scholarly journals Towards a Fair and More Transparent Rule-Based Valuation of Travel Time Savings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Kingsley Adjenughwure ◽  
Basil Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Rule Based Approach

The value of travel time savings (VOTTS) is one of the most important variables for calculating the benefits of transportation projects. However, the way it is currently calculated (usually via discrete choice models) is complex, tedious and subject to a reasonable level of uncertainty. Furthermore, the method is not easily understood by government officials who use the VOTTS for appraisal and the citizens are not fully aware how such values are calculated. This lack of understanding and transparency in methodology may lead to misuse of the VOTTS during transport project appraisals which in turn can result in unfair transport decisions for citizens, government and the environment. To solve these problems, a fuzzy logic rule-based approach is proposed. With this approach, the rules can be made based on economic and behavioral theories by experts, government officials and citizens (via surveys). This approach makes it understandable to everyone how values are calculated. To test the applicability of the approach, a simple numerical example is presented by estimating the VOTTS of various countries using their gross domestic product-purchasing power parity (GDP-PPP) and the traffic congestion level. Results are then compared to values obtained from a recent metanalysis on VOTTS in Europe and some official VOTTS.

scholarly journals Perception of Sustainability of Spanish National Parks: Public Use, Tourism and Rural Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Pérez-Calderón ◽  
Jorge Manuel Prieto-Ballester ◽  
Vanessa Miguel-Barrado ◽  
Patricia Milanés-Montero
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protected Natural Area

In the last decade, tourism activity associated with natural areas has stood out as a driver for economic development. Thus, it is a key factor for the economic and social sustainability of the community near a protected area. This paper analyses, considering the tourist exploitation and the public use of the National Park in the last decade, the perception about the sustainability of its geographical area closest. A questionnaire was used and sent to the authorities of the villages closest to each of the 15 National Parks. The structural equation model was used for the design and analysis of the model. The results confirmed significant relationships between the perception of economic development and quality of life, but not with social development. A positive relationship between quality of life and social development is also demonstrated. The three dimensions analysed, economic, social and quality of life, are influencing the perception of sustainability of the geographical area closest to the protected natural area. The legal limitations to the public use of these natural protected areas have been considered in the assessments made by the respondents. In conclusion, National Park managers, local entrepreneurs and institutional authorities (local, regional and national) are encouraged to better coordinate the resources of the protected natural area. The dynamization of tourist activities should be encouraged while respecting the biological value of the park, as has been done so far.

scholarly journals Attractiveness of protected areas for geotourism purposes from the perspective of visitors: the example of Babiogórski National Park (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Widawski ◽  
Zdzisław Jary ◽  
Piotr Oleśniewicz ◽  
Piotr Owczarek ◽  
Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

AbstractThis article examines the tourist role of protected areas important for their unanimated nature potential. In Poland the highest form of legal protection is a national park. Babiogórski National Parks is one of 23 national parks in Poland. The aim of this article is to present its tourist attraction based on its geotourist potential considered by tourists who visit this park. At the beginning a brief history of protection of Babia Góra is presented. Based on stock-taking sightseeing method an analysis of the most important tourist attractiveness elements (like infrastructure or tourist values) is done. The focus on the values of unanimated nature is made grouping them into four main categories. As the result of research on infrastructure the most important accommodation units were indicated present at the surroundings of this National Park which is vital for its tourist capacity. For the correct functioning of tourist movement at the protected area the supporting infrastructure is important bearing a lot of functions. The function of channeling of the tourist movement as well as the didactic function are the most important for protection and correct use of geotourist values. Among the many elements of the supporting infrastructure the most important ones are tourist and didactic routes (their course and themes are presented). The most important part of the article is the presentation of the participants of the tourist movement opinions on the Babiogórski National Park tourist attractiveness. A survey was conducted and then analysed on 308 respondents in 2011. They were asked to judge both the quality of infrastructure as well as attraction of geotourist values together with their adaptation to reception by the tourist movement. The results analysis served as a base to appraise the state and perspectives for the geotourism development in Babiogórski National Park from the point of view of the receivers of tourist product i.e. the protected area.

The Optimal Provision of Services in National Parks

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Pure Public Good ◽  
The Future ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Good Provision ◽  
The Cost

Abstract A national park provides recreational opportunities and also provides a pure public good. This paper presents an intergenerational model in which a club good and a pure public good are provided jointly. The focus is on optimality conditions for services provided by park managers. At the margin, the cost of providing the services should be balanced by the benefits of services. Services can directly enhance visitor enjoyment, both immediately and in the future; they can also affect congestion currently and in the future; they can affect the quality of park resources; and they can affect the pure public good provision. The framework developed in this paper suggests what information should be used by the National Park Service when deciding on the level and kind of services to provide.

scholarly journals Open Spaces and Elements Designed to the Landscape of Hortobágy National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Fernando Arturo Mendez Garzón
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Landscape Character ◽  
Quality Design ◽  
Design Proposal

The project arises from problems found it in the poor dissemination of information, low identity with the surrounding, limited resistance and deficient quality of materials, impossibility of non-Hungarian speakers to access the information, difficulty of recognition and identification of the places by the visitors and the inexistence of a common morphologic language in the elements and spaces for the network of National Parks including for the Hortobágy case. From the academy, the proposal is planned to be inserted within the project of renewal and enhancement of the network of National Parks of Hungary. The project's methodological framework is composed of a nonlinear axis, which covers different levels of the process; Beginning with related worldwide cases data collection and literature review as well as Hungarian National Parks data, then data analysis and evaluation to identify the landscape character, the establishment of design parameters, experimentation into the study area, design alternatives formulation, assessment, and qualifying, finally design in detail and validation of the results. The paper seeks to show a unique system of elements and spaces, designed in the framed of the Hungarian National Parks, in this study case, specifically for the Hortobágy National Park located at east Hungary materialized in a group of pre-set areas, outdoor furniture and signalling elements that fit harmoniously into the landscape. Thus, integrating concepts such as landscape character, local identity, sustainability, high technology, and universality result in a proposal of high-quality design for the improvement of the competitiveness and to enhance people´s experience in the Hortobágy NP and the enjoyment of its landscape through the formulation of a viable and comprehensive design proposal.

scholarly journals Visualising natural attractions within national parks: Preferences of tourists for photographs with different visual characteristics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252661
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Lloyd S. Davis ◽  
Anna Carr
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Q Method ◽  
Visual Appeal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Attractiveness

To explore what types of photographs are more helpful means to interpret natural attractions within national parks, this study focused on the relationship between the photographs with different visual characteristics and their perceived visual appeal. A photograph-based Q method was adopted. Results confirmed the visual quality of a photograph was the most important characteristic that determined its perceived attractiveness; those photographs with a high visual quality could successfully attract tourists’ attention. The subject also significantly affected the preferences of observers, suggesting an interest-dependent pattern. Using photographs of birds as examples, the participants who were interested in birds were attracted by the photographs of birds rather than those of other subjects. This study provides a better understanding of the effectiveness of photographs for communication. Findings may help researchers, communicators and national park marketers better understand and select appropriate photographs for interpretation within national parks.

Evaluating Visitors’ Reactions to Interpretation in Australian National Parks

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Visitor Research ◽  
Aboriginal Art ◽  
Interpretive Services ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Interpretive services are accepted elements of recreational experiences in natural areas. But what do we really know about the effectiveness of interpretation? By evaluating their services through well-planned visitor research, interpreters can better focus on enriching visitors’ experiences. This paper presents findings from three Australian studies into visitors’ reactions to interpretation. At Kakadu National Park, guided activities provided more immediate responses to visitors’ questions on Aboriginal art and culture than on-site signs, while a well-designed interpretive mural mitigated people's disappointment at visiting a wetland area when no birds were present. Two studies of guided activities in Victorian national parks showed that participants were neither the “converted” nor the “same old faces,” and that they valued the very elements that make guided interpretation so special. This paper also demonstrates how variety and innovation in evaluation techniques can enhance the quality of interpretation research.

Resolution and Resolvability in Resource Use Conflicts: The National Park Example

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Price
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Land Use ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Land Use Decisions

Conflict between development and conservation interests in national parks is real, yet intractable to market resolution. Aggregate willingness to pay for recreation and landscape indicates growing value being given to conservation. However, resource shortages have recently increased emphasis on material production. Land-use policy represents a combination of objectives concerning quality of life, population level, and resource conservation. The extent of conflict between these objectives is contentious, and existing techniques of evaluating their achievement are barely defensible. Even individual land-use decisions significantly influence attainment of all three objectives. To treat them properly requires an evaluation radically different from existing techniques.

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