scholarly journals Where Are the Best European Road Runners and What Are the Country Variables Related to It?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7781
Author(s):  
Mabliny Thuany ◽  
Sara Pereira ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Jean Carlos Santos ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Relevant Role

Background: The environment can play a relevant role in performance in runners. This study aimed to verify the distribution of the best European road runners across the continent, and to investigate variables related to country representatives in the European Senior outdoor top list 2019. Methods: The sample comprised 563 European runners, aged 18–48 years, ranked in the European Senior outdoor top list 2019 for distances of 10–42 km. Country-related variables were gross domestic product (GDP), competition place, population size, and sports investment. The countries were categorized as “top ten countries” or “other countries”. Binary logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: The United Kingdom showed the highest prevalence of runners in the ranking (men—17.6%; women—23.0%), followed by Spain (male ranking—12.1%) and Germany (female ranking—8.6%). For men, sports investment (OR = 1.13; CI95% = 1.03–1.28) and country GDP (OR = 0.96; CI95% = 0.93–0.98) showed an association with the chances of the athlete to reach the Top 10 ranking, while among women, the only variable significantly related was the competition venue (OR = 3.97; CI95% = 1.40–11.23). Conclusion: As in other sports considered “non-expensive”, the economic and demographic characteristics of the place where athletes train can provide advantages in performance.

3. Early manufacturers, 1820–1850

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Walter A. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Exhibitions ◽  
Sales Strategies

By 1850, America’s gross domestic product was two-thirds that of the United Kingdom and one-fifth that of China. “Early manufacturers, 1820–1850” looks at the development and significance of textiles, firearms, and clocks to the new economy. The establishment of mills and factories allowed the workforce to be united in one place and for working hours to be standardized, though initial long hours led to unrest. Colt firearms and parlor clocks became part of the American identity, while some of the first marketing and sales strategies confirmed them as desirable status symbols. International exhibitions showcased the best of American manufacturing, setting a precedent for future multinationals seeking success abroad.

scholarly journals Forecasting the Impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on International Tourist Arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia: A PostCOVID-19 Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13372
Author(s):  
Hasrina Mustafa ◽  
Fahri Ahmed ◽  
Waffa Wahida Zainol ◽  
Azlizan Mat Enh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

This research first aims to forecast tourist arrivals to Langkawi, Malaysia from its top three source markets, namely, China, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom, between 2020 and 2022. Using the annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of those three countries, the study seeks to investigate the impact of GDP on tourist arrivals from these countries to Langkawi in the context of post-COVID-19 scenarios. The study uses expert modelers, namely, ARIMA models and Holt’s linear models, to find the best fit model. Then, linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of GDP on tourist arrivals in Langkawi from the said three countries. The results from the Holt linear model predicted a significant increase in the number of tourist arrivals from China and Saudi Arabia from 2020–2022. In contrast, the number of forecasted tourist arrivals from the United Kingdom would be on a decreasing trend from 2020–2022. It is also predicted that GDP growth will influence the tourist arrival trends from China and Saudi Arabia, but not for UK tourists. In other words, a speedy rate of recovery in the number of tourists from the UK to Langkawi is forecasted for once international travel restrictions are lifted, as the world eases into the post-pandemic period.

National Institute Gross Output Forecasts: A Comparison With US Performance

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Denise R. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Product ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Real Gross Domestic Product ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Forecasting Performance

This article aims to compare the National Institute's forecasting performance with that of United States forecasters. Because of the magnitude of this task, we restrict our attention to forecasts of the principal output measure in each country—real gross domestic product in the United Kingdom and real gross national product in the United States. Results for US forecasters are taken from the detailed study by McNees (1975), where there is also information on the methods employed by these forecasters.

scholarly journals Analysis on the participation of the main sovereign wealth funds in European listed companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
L. Gómez-Pavón Durán
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Home Country ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The One

The aim of this study is to conduct an analysis of the investment made by the fifteen largest sovereign wealth funds on listed European companies. The analysis is divided into two sections: a descriptive one and a statistical one. The methodology used for this purpose consisted of mining data from Orbis database and running a binomial logistic regression. The main results show that, in the first place, the Norwegian fund is the one that invests in a larger amount of companies and European countries. Another significant result indicates that the United Kingdom is the country that receives the most investment. Finally, the results lead also to the conclusion that, concerning investing, sovereign wealth funds are influenced by a set of factors such as company size, profitability, and leverage, whereas the company’s home country and the economic sector it belongs are not determining factors.

Transparency Differences at the Top of the Organization

2014 ◽  
pp. 370-386
Author(s):  
Winfried Ruigrok ◽  
Dimitrios Georgakakis ◽  
Peder Greve
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Relative Transparency ◽  
Governance Transparency

This chapter examines the opposing forces that induce or impede firms to become transparent in terms of their board of directors’ (BoD) and top management teams’ (TMT) demographic characteristics, education, and experiences. Extant literature on governance transparency often draws on a “market-pull perspective” to emphasize the market-level motives that drive organizations toward rising levels of governance transparency. In this chapter we introduce the “strategic hoarding perspective,” which emphasizes the human capital attrition factors that discourage firms to openly report information about their BoD and TMT composition. Our theory and data from 208 large listed firms in Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands for the years 2005 and 2009 suggest that organizations’ relative transparency preferences in terms of BoD and TMT characteristics can better be explained based on a combination of market-pull and strategic hoarding perspectives. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.

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