scholarly journals Phenomenological Transparency through Depth of “Inside/Outside” for a Sustainable Architectural Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9046
Author(s):  
Eunki Kang ◽  
Eun Joo Park
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Depth Functions ◽  
Potential Relationship

The potential relationship between external and internal spaces in the architectural environment of the post-pandemic era is emerging as an essential issue. Since the early 20th century, the issue of transparency inside and outside architecture has been explored in various fields. This study is motivated by the lack of a leading theory about architectural transparency in the post-pandemic era. First, it revisits the notion of phenomenal transparency in Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky’s influential text on “literal” and “phenomenal” transparency. Next, it investigates Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology for architectural transparency. Last, it scrutinizes practical possibilities using cases from Sejima and Nishizawa and Associates (SAANA). It finds that intertwining the cognition of natural environment and spatial experiential perceptions can create phenomenological architectural experiences. Sustainable architectural transparency may be accomplished when three factors (the visual perception of space, spatial experiential perceptions, and the cognition of natural environment) are incorporated. Further, depth functions as a medium for architectural transparency, intertwining between material and immaterial, literal and phenomenal, and visible and invisible. There is tremendous potential to conduct pilot studies based on this study, to re-evaluate architectural transparency with phenomenological ideas.

scholarly journals The Metrics of Landscape. Stereo fieldwork by Francisco Afonso Chaves and other Portuguese Explorers

Artnodes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Flores
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The 19Th Century

Although the invention of the stereoscope in 1832 shed new light on the anomalies of vision and on the constructive role of the mind in visual perception, this became no obstacle to its scientific uses throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. On the contrary, combined with photography, the stereoscope embodied both the imperialist politics of the 19th century and its scientific ideology. These pairs of twin images perfected photography as an accurate and credible scientific instrument and gave explorers the chance to map, calculate and “grab the world in an image”. The use of stereo photography in geodesic and topographic fieldworks is one of the best evidences of such scientific practices, largely overlooked by stereo photography studies. Here, we introduce the stereoviews by Portuguese explorers such as Francisco Afonso Chaves, an early-20th-century Azorean naturalist, and analyse a particular series of Verascope glass plates which represent theodolites photographed during his fieldwork. The identification of common uses of theodolites in the stereo collections of other explorers suggests the advantage of expanding fieldwork to the laboratory, a fact David Brewster (1856) would naturally recognise as a “rational pleasure”.

scholarly journals Posthumanism in Hernan Diaz’s In the Distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Pegah Abedi ◽  
Rasool Moradi-Joz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Potential Representation

This study is an attempt to shed new light on the potential representation of posthumanism, the posthuman condition in particular, in Hernan Diaz’s tour de force novel entitled “In the Distance.” The main focus of the study is highlighting the inextricable bond between humans and their surroundings in the most anthropocentric trend of posthumanism, and addressing our exploitative way of living and the outcomes of our ill-treatment toward the natural environment, as represented in one of the contemporary fictions, “In the Distance.” We are told that nature is an eternal Eden which was predestined for serving humankind, and will be balanced once it has fulfilled its duty. The novel, however, as evidenced by current environmental issues, makes an effort to warn us about the end of nature and in turn the failure of humanity. In the same context, this study seeks to demonstrate the “In the Distance” novel as one of the main works arguing for post-humanistic principles during and after the colonialization of America, accompanied by modern civilization and technological advancement in the late 19th and early 20th century.

Public Libraries of the Vladimir and Kostroma Provinces' District Towns in the Second Half of the 19th — early 20th Century

2010 ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Soloviev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Native Population ◽  
History Of

On the history of the first public libraries in the province towns of Vladimirskaya and Kostromskaya provinces in the second half of the 17th century - early 20th century. The author considers main statistical data of libraries and analyses necessity and influence of these libraries and reading rooms on the native population.

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