Families’ engagement in making activities related to aerospace engineering: designing for parents as learning partners in pop-up makerspaces

Purpose The researchers conducted a collective case study to investigate how families engaged in making activities related to aerospace engineering in six pop-up makerspace programs held in libraries and one museum. The purpose of this paper is to support families’ engagement in design tasks and engineering thinking, three types of discussion prompts were used during each workshop. The orienting design conjecture was that discussion prompts would allow parents to lead productive conversations to support engineering-making activities. Design/methodology/approach Within a collective case study approach, 20 consented families (22 adults, 25 children) engaged in making practices related to making a lunar rover with a scientific instrument panel. Data included cases of families’ talk and actions, as documented through video (22 h) and photographs of their engineering designs. An interpretivist, qualitative video-based analysis was conducted by creating individual narrative accounts of each family (including transcript excerpts and images). Findings Parents used the question prompts in ways that were integral to supporting youths’ participation in the engineering activities. Children often did not answer the astronomer’s questions directly; instead, the parents revoiced the prompts before the children’s engagement. Family prompts supported reflecting upon prior experiences, defining the design problem and maintaining the activity flow. Originality/value Designing discussion prompts, within a broader project-based learning pedagogy, supports family engagement in engineering design practices in out-of-school pop-up makerspace settings. The work suggests that parents play a crucial role in engineering workshops for youths aged 5 to 10 years old by revoicing prompts to keep families’ design work and sensemaking talk (connecting prior and new ideas) flowing throughout a makerspace workshop.

Ornamental Stone Cutting Processing and Sludge Production Evaluation with the Goal of Ending Waste

In the quarry sector, the reduction of landfill material may be obtained not only by finding a suitable recovery of the material as a by-product, but also by identifying the best available cutting technique to be used on the basis of the physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of the stones. The choice of the best cutting technique could lead to high efficiency and performance, high quality of the cut surfaces, and a very low environmental impact by reducing energy consumption, decreasing the concentration of heavy metals in the sludge, and producing less waste. In this context, an analysis of the procedures for cutting different types of ornamental stones into slabs together with the evaluation of sludge production for the different cutting methods has been carried out. Two types of analysis were carried out in parallel: evaluation of the stones workability and calculation of the amount of sludge produced in the three different cutting technologies and from the cutting of blocks. A comparison was carried out on the quality of the sludge produced, on type and quantity of metals present, taking into account the different cutting technologies. The performed tests were: chemical analysis, magnetic separation test, and SEM analysis of the metal fraction. The study could provide stone producers with a technological, scientific instrument to identify the best cutting techniques for the processing of their stones, in order to obtain a high-efficiency process, optimize the recovery process, increase the economic advantages, and evaluate the possible reuse of the sludge through a proactive waste management strategy.

Speed Track Events: Development and Validity of Exercise Catalog

Introduction: Sports coaches are guided by empirical evidence at the moment of planning the training loads, and, many times, these loads are not recorded for posterior analysis. A validated scientific instrument could help coaches to plan, register, and analyse sports training load. Aim: The study aimed to develop and assess the content validity of a catalog of exercises for speed track events. Methods: Through interviews, a group of expert coaches elaborated a catalog of exercises. Two groups of raters evaluated the content validity of these exercises, producing a coefficient of content validity (CCV) for such validity indicators as clarity of language, practical pertinence and theoretical relevance. Additionally, raters assessed the specificity level of each exercise by deciding if the exercise was general, special or specific to speed track events. Results: These CCV results confirmed the content validity of a 75-exercise catalog with satisfactory validity indicators, meaning the exercises are understandable for athletic coaches (CCVCL=0,93), pertinent for speed track training (CCVPP=0,84) and relevant (CCVRT=0,83). Conclusion: This catalog may help athletic coaches to plan, implement and analyze their players’ sports training loads.

The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012 photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25 keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.

Research frontiers of chemical detection and measurements

Over the past decade, the global research agenda focused on finding paths to the future development of chemistry. Chemical detection and measurement is an important and fundamental discipline of chemistry and it keeps playing a significant role in chemical research in the next 10–15 years. The goal of chemical detection is to overcome the state-of-art temporospatial resolution limit. Meanwhile, the application of modern chemical technology to serve human health is also highly concerned. We have summarized 10 aspects related to the field, including complex samples analysis, biomacromolecule structure and function, single-entity analysis, large-scale scientific instrument, rapid chemical and electron transfer processes, big data and artificial intelligence, bioimaging, in vivo real-time detection, biomolecule recognition and disease therapy, and public health screening. In this review, we outlined the history and the frontiers of chemical detection and measurements in enhancing the development of chemical sciences. Moreover, we also focused on the major challenges that should be solved in the future in which researchers should develop new techniques and analytical methods to drastically accelerate chemical sciences.

PENDEKATAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM DALAM MEMAHAMI KONFLIK PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The issue of regulation has indeed become a lively discourse in recent years. Laws and </em> <em>regulations, which in essence is a set of regulatory systems to provide an orderly legal order and society, often creates conflicts, both internal conflicts between regulations and external conflicts involving government agencies and the community. The study of legal science in the perspective of sociological jurisprudence is a scientific instrument that makes sense to analyze the phenomenon of legal problems that occur in indonesia, this is because the beginning and the end of a regulation is society. The results show that regulatory conflicts occur because in practice the formation of laws and regulations often ignores procedural due process of law and substantive due process of law, one of the main points is that the widest possible public participation is required in the regulatory formation process. As a result, several regulations that have been produced often cause conflicts due to a mismatch between the substance of the regulations and the conditions and needs of the community.</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Isu permasalahan regulasi menjadi diskursus yang sering mencuat beberapa tahun terakhir. Peraturan perundang-undangan yang esensinya merupakan sekumpulan sistem aturan untuk menghadirkan tatanan hukum dan masyarakat yang tertib, justru realitanya sering kali memunculkan konflik, baik konflik internal antar peraturan maupun konflik eksternal yang melibatkan lembaga pemerintahan dan masyarakat. Kajian ilmu hukum dalam perspektif sosiologi hukum menjadi instrumen keilmuan yang masuk akal untuk membedah fenomena permasalahan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terjadi, hal ini dikarenakan hulu dan hilir suatu regulasi adalah masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik regulasi terjadi dikarenakan di dalam praktik pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan masih sering kali mengabaikan <em>procedural due process of law </em>dan <em>substantive due process of law </em>yang salah satu poin utamanya adalah dibutuhkan partisipasi publik yang seluas-luasnya di dalam proses pembentukan peraturan. Alhasil beberapa regulasi yang dihasilkan kerap menimbulkan konflik dikarenkan ketidaksesuaian antara substansi peraturan dengan keadaan dan kebutuhan di masyarakat.</p>

Efficacy of one-step and multi-step polishing systems in finishing direct composite restoration: a non-randomised controlled experimental trial

Background. The variety of polishing systems and tools available for finishing direct composite restorations may perplex the dentist.Objectives. An effect evaluation in one- and multi-step composite polishing tools using model specimens of GC Gradia Direct and 3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate restoratives.Methods. The prepared specimens of GC Gradia Direct and 3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate restorative composites were exposed in laboratory to the Kenda Maximus, Dentsply PoGo, Kagayaki RoundFlex, Shofu Super-Snap, Kagayaki Ensmart Pin, EVE Composoft polishing systems and Daiyamondo Kagayaki paste. The polishing systems distinguished by brand, technical and performance characters.Surface microgeometry in all 16 samples was estimated in the Laboratory of Optical Metrology, Institute of Design and Technology for Scientific Instrument Engineering, Novosibirsk, using a MNP-1 light interferometric nanoprofile microscope and at the shared core facilities of the Research and Education Centre “Nanomaterial Diagnostics and Properties” of Kuban State University, Krasnodar, using a JEOL JSM-7500F scanning electron microscope.Results. Optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to estimate surface roughness in 16 specimens exposed to polishing for one minute. The polishing tools Kenda Maximus, Dentsply PoGo, Kagayaki RoundFlex, Shofu Super-Snap, Kagayaki Ensmart Pin, EVE Composoft, as well as Daiyamondo Kagayaki paste used in instrumental polishing, revealed a varied performance. Optical profilometry exhibited the GC Gradia Direct and Filtek Ultimate specimens to possess the lowest average roughness in two cases: 1) after multi-step polishing with Kagayaki Ensmart Pin tools with Daiyamondo Kagayaki paste (average roughness corresponded to Sa — 0.214 pm in GC Gradia Direct and Sa — 0.248 pm — in Filtek Ultimate), 2) in application of the Kenda Maximus monopolishing tool (roughness values of Sa — 0.211 and Sa — 0.242 pm, respectively). Surface roughness after multi-step machining with EVE Composoft silicone polishers was average Sa — 0.579 and Sa — 0.549 pm in both samples and was reported the highest. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the optical profilometry estimates.Conclusion. The assay showed that the specimen machining with a sole Kenda Maximus diamond abrasive tool and several Kagayaki Ensmart Pin silicone polishing heads followed by a Daiyamondo Kagayaki diamond abrasive paste application produced very similar surface roughness values, which were graded the lowest with GC Gradia Direct and 3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate composite samples using scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry.

Obstrução de vias aéreas por corpo estranho em crianças: atuação do enfermeiro

A Aspiração de corpo estranho (ACE) é definida como o ato de aspirar ou inalar um corpo estranho para dentro do trato respiratório. Isso ocorre principalmente na fase pediátrica, onde as crianças põem objetos na boca, podendo ocorrer uma obstrução completa. Enfatizar a importância da atuação do enfermeiro diante da emergência de aspiração por corpo estranho em crianças. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, através de artigos publicados nos últimos 6 anos, no período de 2014 a 2020. Como critérios de inclusão, foram utilizados artigos publicados em língua portuguesa, disponíveis nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP) e sites governamentais. Após a leitura e análise dos artigos selecionados, surgiram 4 abordagens principais: Aspiração por corpo estranho na fase pediátrica; Manobra de Heimlich; O conhecimento dos pais em relação as manobras e Estratégias de enfermagem que favorecem a educação em saúde. O enfermeiro embasado de instrumento técnico-científico tem total autonomia e capacitação para identificar precocemente o grau de obstrução e realizar a manobra de Heimlich.Descritores: Aspiração, Acidente, Assistência, Enfermagem, Crianças. Obstruction of aerea ways by strange body in children: nurse's performanceAbstract: Foreign body aspiration (ACE) is defined as the act of aspirating or inhaling a foreign body into the respiratory tract. This occurs mainly in the pediatric phase, where children put objects in their mouth, with the possibility of complete obstruction. Emphasize the importance of the nurse's performance in face of the emergency of aspiration by foreign body in children. Review of the literature, through articles published in the last 6 years, from 2014 to 2020. As inclusion criteria, articles published in Portuguese were used, available in the Scientific Electronic Electronic Online (Scielo), Society databases of Pediatrics (SBP) and government websites. After reading and analyzing the selected articles, 4 main approaches emerged: Foreign body aspiration in the pediatric phase; Heimlich's maneuver; The parents' knowledge regarding the nursing maneuvers and strategies that favor health education. The nurse based on a technical-scientific instrument has full autonomy and training to identify the degree of obstruction early and perform the Heimlich maneuver.Descriptors: Aspiration, Accident, Assistance, Nursing, Children. Análisis de la ergonomía cognitiva en la enfermería en clínica de hemodiálisisResumen: La aspiración de cuerpo extraño (FCA) se define como el acto de aspirar o inhalar un cuerpo extraño en el tracto respiratorio. Esto ocurre principalmente en la fase pediátrica, donde los niños se llevan objetos a la boca y puede ocurrir una obstrucción completa. Enfatice la importancia del papel de la enfermera en la aparición de la aspiración de cuerpos extraños en los niños. Se trata de una revisión de la literatura, a través de artículos publicados en los últimos 6 años, de 2014 a 2020. Como criterios de inclusión se utilizaron artículos publicados en portugués, disponibles en las bases de datos de la Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Sociedad Brasileña of Pediatrics (SBP) y sitios web gubernamentales. Después de leer y analizar los artículos seleccionados, surgieron 4 abordajes principales: Aspiración de cuerpos extraños en la fase pediátrica; Maniobra de Heimlich; Conocimiento de los padres sobre las maniobras y estrategias de enfermería que favorecen la educación para la salud. Los enfermeros basados en un instrumento técnico-científico tienen total autonomía y formación para identificar precozmente el grado de obstrucción y realizar la maniobra de Heimlich.Descriptores: Aspiración, Accidente, Asistencia, Enfermería Niños.

How Do Brazilian Consumers Relate to Chocolate Brands? Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Chocolate Brands Relationship Scale

Although the chocolate market has become increasingly larger and more competitive, no diagnostic measures were found to evaluate relationship marketing from customer perspectives in this very attractive market in the B2C context. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to obtain validity evidence for the Chocolate Brands Relationship Scale (CBR Scale), a scientific instrument that enables the identification and measurement of the prime aspects perceived by chocolate brands’ customers as relevant in their relationship with such brands. Additionally, we tested the influence of the relationship, evaluated from the validated CBR Scale, with the chocolate consumers’ satisfaction. We conducted a survey with 523 Brazilian consumers, and data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The CBR Scale is composed of 21 items divided into three factors: Brand Trust, Shopping Experience and Perceived Quality. As theoretical implications, we produce a valid and reliable operational measure, offering a useful starting point from which further theoretical and empirical research of customer relationship management, branding strategies, brand loyalty, and brand experience in the chocolate market can be built. Managerially, the CBR Scale is a valid instrument for practitioners and managers in the chocolate sector to access customers, establishing and developing long-term relationships with them.

The Intoxicant as Preservative and Scientific Instrument in the World of James Petiver

This article examines the emergent use of alcohol as a preservation medium for scientific specimens from the mid-seventeenth century in Britain. Taking the work of the London apothecary James Petiver (1660–1718) as its focus, the article explores the ways in which alcohol was used to fix and remediate the specimen, shown ‘lifelike’ in glass, in displays or in engravings. Petiver actively promoted the use of pickling spirits, publishing instructions on how to preserve specimens and distributing these to his collecting agents in the Indies trade. The article introduces the early history of preservation in alcohol in England, and particularly the work of Robert Boyle in promoting the wet collection. It then follows Petiver's agent, Richard Bradley, on his 1711 visit to Leiden and Amsterdam, examining the role of alcohol alongside other means of preserving and activating the scientific collection.