scholarly journals A Public Bad Game Method to Study Dynamics in Socio-Ecological Systems (Part II): Results of Testing Musa-Game in Rwanda and Adding Emergence and Spatiality to the Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Alexandra Galarza-Villamar ◽  
Mariette McCampbell ◽  
Andres Galarza-Villamar ◽  
Cees Leeuwis ◽  
Francesco Cecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Human Actors

This article is the second in a series of two and presented findings from field-testing an experimental boardgame (Musa-game) with banana farmers in four villages in Eastern Rwanda. The conceptualization and design of the Musa-game were described in Part I. Musa-game gives insights into how farmers’ individual and collective decision-making and actions regarding management of a public bad interplay with other factors and characteristics of the socio-ecological system (SES). A public bad is a non-rivalrous, non-excludable issue that causes loss of social-welfare of individuals and communities. The method contributes contextual understanding about the emergence of phenomena that arise from the interactions between human and non-human actors. Musa-game was framed to study one public bad challenge in particular: the infectious crop disease Banana Xanthomonas Wilt disease (BXW). Findings increased the knowhow about the emergence and governance of conditions that hinder or enhance the spread of infectious diseases like BXW. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data suggested that individual farmers’ actions were influenced by perceptions of risk, affecting both individual and collective disease management. Additionally, the used experimental treatments allowed us to evaluate the influence of communication on risk-governance strategies. It appears that a combination of possession of technical knowledge about the disease, opportunities to communicate about the disease, and a collective disease management strategy enables the best individual actions and collective performance.

scholarly journals Evaluating Host Resistance to Limit Colletotrichum coccodes on Onion

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Lina M. Rodríguez-Salamanca ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Brown Center

Leaf and neck anthracnose is incited by Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes, a new foliar disease of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Michigan that has been observed in the state since 2010. Symptoms include elliptical lesions on the leaves, necks, or both that appear bleached with a pale salmon to dark brown center. To develop an effective integrated disease management strategy, field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate 16 commercial onion cultivars for their susceptibility to the pathogen. The incidence and severity of anthracnose were evaluated weekly following inoculation. Onion cultivars differed significantly in disease severity and incidence; differences between years were also observed. ‘Hendrix’ had the lowest disease severity, whereas ‘Highlander’ and ‘Candy’ exhibited severe onion leaf and neck anthracnose symptoms. Using less susceptible onion cultivars combined with effective fungicides against C. coccodes may limit crop losses for Michigan growers.

scholarly journals Graphene oxide loaded with copper oxide nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (62) ◽  
pp. 38853-38860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadong Li ◽  
Desong Yang ◽  
Jianghu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Disease

Graphene oxide loaded with copper oxide nanoparticles as an agricultural antibacterial agent for crop disease management.

scholarly journals Silicon Use in the Integrated Disease Management of Wheat: Current Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro José Dallagnol ◽  
Andrea Elizabeth Román Ramos ◽  
Keilor da Rosa Dorneles
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Si Effect ◽  
Different Tissues

Silicon (Si) is a benefic element for higher plants such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) in which it is accumulated in the shoot tissues. In this crop, leaf diseases and spike diseases are the cause of yield losses, and therefore several studies had been conducted under field and greenhouse conditions to demonstrate that plants supplied with Si reduced most of the diseases damage due to the amelioration of the plant defenses. However, the benefits of Si depend on its accumulation in the plant’s tissue, which is influenced by the availability of the element in the soil as well as the up-take ability of the wheat cultivar. In this chapter we present the current knowledge about the mechanisms of Si absorption and its accumulation in different tissues of the wheat plant, the most studied options for silicate fertilization, and the benefits of Si on grain yield. We also present some insight of the effect of Si-supply in wheat on the reduction of main leaf and ear diseases, bringing evidence and explanation of the defense mechanisms involved. In addition, we provide an overview of the Si effect on the physiology (gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and carbohydrate metabolism) of the wheat plant. Finally, questions have been raised about the Si uses as fertilizer that still needs to be answered. We recognized that some studies have enhanced our understanding of Si providing evidence of the Si use as disease management strategy, but further research is needed to make the Si uses a simple task for wheat growers under field condition.

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