scholarly journals Silicon Use in the Integrated Disease Management of Wheat: Current Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro José Dallagnol ◽  
Andrea Elizabeth Román Ramos ◽  
Keilor da Rosa Dorneles
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Si Effect ◽  
Different Tissues

Silicon (Si) is a benefic element for higher plants such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) in which it is accumulated in the shoot tissues. In this crop, leaf diseases and spike diseases are the cause of yield losses, and therefore several studies had been conducted under field and greenhouse conditions to demonstrate that plants supplied with Si reduced most of the diseases damage due to the amelioration of the plant defenses. However, the benefits of Si depend on its accumulation in the plant’s tissue, which is influenced by the availability of the element in the soil as well as the up-take ability of the wheat cultivar. In this chapter we present the current knowledge about the mechanisms of Si absorption and its accumulation in different tissues of the wheat plant, the most studied options for silicate fertilization, and the benefits of Si on grain yield. We also present some insight of the effect of Si-supply in wheat on the reduction of main leaf and ear diseases, bringing evidence and explanation of the defense mechanisms involved. In addition, we provide an overview of the Si effect on the physiology (gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and carbohydrate metabolism) of the wheat plant. Finally, questions have been raised about the Si uses as fertilizer that still needs to be answered. We recognized that some studies have enhanced our understanding of Si providing evidence of the Si use as disease management strategy, but further research is needed to make the Si uses a simple task for wheat growers under field condition.

scholarly journals Evaluating Host Resistance to Limit Colletotrichum coccodes on Onion

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Lina M. Rodríguez-Salamanca ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Brown Center

Leaf and neck anthracnose is incited by Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes, a new foliar disease of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Michigan that has been observed in the state since 2010. Symptoms include elliptical lesions on the leaves, necks, or both that appear bleached with a pale salmon to dark brown center. To develop an effective integrated disease management strategy, field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate 16 commercial onion cultivars for their susceptibility to the pathogen. The incidence and severity of anthracnose were evaluated weekly following inoculation. Onion cultivars differed significantly in disease severity and incidence; differences between years were also observed. ‘Hendrix’ had the lowest disease severity, whereas ‘Highlander’ and ‘Candy’ exhibited severe onion leaf and neck anthracnose symptoms. Using less susceptible onion cultivars combined with effective fungicides against C. coccodes may limit crop losses for Michigan growers.

An integrated disease management strategy for the control of rabies in Ethiopian wolves

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Randall ◽  
J. Marino ◽  
D.T. Haydon ◽  
C. Sillero-Zubiri ◽  
D.L. Knobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Disease Management Strategy

scholarly journals Integrated disease management strategy of common rust of maize incited by Puccinia sorghi Schw.

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 1345-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dey Utpal ◽  
I Harlapur S ◽  
N Dhutraj D ◽  
P Suryawanshi A ◽  
Bhattacharjee Ritika
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Puccinia Sorghi ◽  
Disease Management Strategy

scholarly journals Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Le ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Geert Haesaert
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Important Disease

AbstractFusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.

Integrated Disease Management in Pigeon Pea

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
S. N. Singh ◽  
U. K. Khare ◽  
Usha Bhale ◽  
Jayant Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Integrated Disease Management

scholarly journals Integrated Disease Management of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Sangita Sahni ◽  
Bishun Deo Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri( Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. It is an important soil borne plant pathogen and is difficult to manage by application of chemical pesticides. Moreover, the chemical control is costly and leads to residual effect. A plethora of reports indictes the efforts made to reduce environmental effects and rationalize the use of pesticides and manage the pathogen more effectively through Integration of Disease Management (IDM). Application of soil amendments and specific bio-control agents also incorporated in IDM which has potential to suppress soil-borne pathogens through manipulation of the physicochemical and microbiological environment. Therefore, IDM approach for controlling chickpea Fusarium wilt might be a cost effective and eco-friendly approach.

scholarly journals Do Mast Cells Contribute to the Antifungal Host Defense?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2510
Author(s):  
Paulina Żelechowska ◽  
Joanna Pastwińska ◽  
Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk ◽  
Justyna Agier
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Fungal Kingdom

The fungal kingdom includes a group of microorganisms that are widely distributed in the environment, and therefore the exposure to them is almost constant. Furthermore, fungal components of the microbiome, i.e., mycobiome, could serve as a reservoir of potentially opportunistic pathogens. Despite close encounters with fungi, defense mechanisms that develop during fungal infections remain unexplored. The strategic location of mast cells (MCs) close to the external environment places them among the first cells to encounter pathogens along with the other innate immune cells. MCs are directly involved in the host defense through the ability to destroy pathogens or indirectly by activating other immune cells. Most available data present MCs’ involvement in antibacterial, antiviral, or antiparasitic defense mechanisms. However, less is known about their contribution in defense mechanisms against fungi. MCs may support immune responses to fungi or their specific molecules through initiated degranulation, synthesis and release of cytokines, chemokines, mediators, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as immune cells’ recruitment, phagocytosis, or provision of extracellular DNA traps. This review summarizes current knowledge on host defense mechanisms against fungi and MCs’ involvement in those processes. It also describes the effects of fungi or fungus-derived constituents on MCs’ activity.

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