scholarly journals European Integral Urban Policies from a Gender Perspective. Gender-Sensitive Measures, Transversality and Gender Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9543
Author(s):  
María Jesús Rodríguez-García ◽  
Francesca Donati
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Integrated Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Eu

Integrated policy strategies represent an increasingly popular approach in urban development and gender policies. This article analyses the integration between integral urban policies and gender mainstreaming in the European Union. A specific analytical proposal is elaborated and applied to urban policies promoted by the EU in Spain between 1994 and 2013. The Comparative Urban Policy Portfolio Analysis is used to study the inclusion of gender-sensitive policy measures in local project portfolios, their transversality across policy sectors, and the relevance of two main approaches to analyse them. The results show that integral urban development programmes have incorporated gender-sensitive policy measures. Results also show a low level of transversality focused mainly on social integration, although they combine objectives focused on a women-centred approach to classical areas of gender inequality affecting women, i.e., employment, education, health, and a gender approach focused on new welfare challenges linked to care and defamilisation. These results show the relevance of analysing gender approaches included in integral urban policies to comprehend the character of their gender mainstreaming and their potential effects on more gender-equal cities.

scholarly journals Policy evaluation and gender mainstreaming in the European Union: the perfect (mis)match?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-294
Author(s):  
Rachel Minto ◽  
Lut Mergaert ◽  
María Bustelo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Agendas

This article assesses the ability of the European Commission’s current approach to policy evaluation to evaluate gender mainstreaming and, in turn, other cross-cutting social agendas (Articles 8–10 TFEU). Taking European Union research policy as a case study, through our analysis, we reveal mismatches between current evaluation standards adopted within the Better Regulation framework and requirements for effectively assessing progress towards cross-cutting social objectives, such as gender equality. The article concludes with a series of recommendations to overcome the identified shortcomings. Our analysis constitutes a key contribution to the development of feminist scholarship on the post-implementation phase of the policy process.

scholarly journals Austrian agriculture: experience with the CAP and the anticipated effects of the EU’s Eastern enlargement

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Eu

The transition to the CAP and admission to the internal market triggered a shock wave in Austria which caused fundamental changes in the country&rsquo;s farming and food industries. Behavioural patterns stuck in traditional routines and petrified structures began to break up. The resulting thrust towards modernisation has been a major success of the EU integration.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />Eastern enlargement, about to be embarked on by the European Union, will have a&nbsp;greater impact on Austrian agriculture than the country&rsquo;s accession to the EU ever had. Farmers will have to brace for a loss of market shares and an additional pressure to adjust. The rural regions bordering the accession candidates will be particularly hit and thus require special attention in terms of economic policy measures. Agriculture and rural regions in Eastern Europe will profit from the EU-membership.

Gender mainstreaming in Europe: legislation and cultural changes

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Vera Lomazzi ◽  
Isabella Crespi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Substantive Equality ◽  
The Eu

The exploration of the development of the gender mainstreaming strategy and its effect on, European legislation concerning gender equality, from its beginnings to today is the aim of this chapter.The focus is on the role of the European Union in promoting substantive equality for men and women improving legislation in the European Union context and favouring a cultural change in the gender equality perspective. Gender mainstreaming is analysed as the main legislative and cultural shift done for promoting gender equality in all European policies. Gender mainstreaming legislation requires the adoption of a gender perspective by all the central actors in the policy process and, even considering its limits and blunders, and is still the most crucial transnational strategy currently in existence that promotes gender equality in all domains of social life. The legislation enquiries raised at the beginning of the gender mainstreaming implementation process in the EU around 1996 focused on the potential role of the EU in bridging the gap between formal and substantive equality, until nowadays and most recent guidelines, are the issues of the discussion in the chapter.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vera Lomazzi ◽  
Isabella Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Local Implementation ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Political Configuration ◽  
And Gender

The introductory chapter aims at presenting the most important aspects of the book exploring the European policy strategy for gender equality, known as gender mainstreaming. The book focuses on the historical and socioeconomic changes in Europe regarding gender mainstreaming strategy and gender equality as a concept, while previous contributions focused only on specific aspects (legislation, economy, and politics).Furthermore, the connection between the institutional level of policymaking and the local implementation of European laws in the field of gender equality is an innovative issue because that was not so often connected with the topic of the gender culture of European societies or with their individual opinions/attitudes on gender roles. Lastly, the book explores innovative intersections between the fields of gender policies and survey research in order to investigate how GM policies affect regional gender cultures. In this way the issue of gender mainstreaming is observed as an ‘evergreen’ topicin the context of the changing beliefs, social structure, economics and political configuration of the European Union from the beginning till now, and with some critical points to be addressed for the future (such as economic crises, migration and integration process).

European Economic Integration and Urban Inequalities in Western Europe

10.1068/a3189 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
National Income ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Relative Location ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
The Eu

Recent processes of European integration have influenced profoundly the fortunes of cities across Western Europe. Although some cities have benefited, others have been impacted adversely. Income inequalities result from economic growth differentials occurring between different cities over time. The theoretical literature differs on whether increased integration promotes or reduces income disparities. The European Union (EU) assumes that rising inequalities will impair EU growth and lead to even greater disparities. Empirical analysis has concentrated on the EU-defined regions because of problems of urban data availability and comparability. Using regional data, I identified that the overall level of inequalities changed little for the metropolitan regions between the early 1980s and the early 1990s. Urban disparities were cyclical—decreasing during strong EU growth and increasing in slower growth years. Factors outside direct local government control, including relative location within Europe, reinforced the traditional strong-core—weak-periphery spatial pattern of development. I argue that additional factors specific to cities, such as limited EU urban policy and funding, contributed to overall higher and more sharply rising inequalities since the late 1980s for cities compared with regions. The positive linear relationship between levels of national income and urban disparities has implications for economic polarization within richer member states and for EU efforts to reduce inequalities by raising the level of development in poorer countries.

Gender-specific constructions of the ‘other religion’ in French and Austrian discourse on Turkey’s accession to the European Union

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Bischof ◽  
Florian Oberhuber ◽  
Karin Stögner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Discourses ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
The Eu

This article presents results from a qualitative analysis of religious and gender-specific ‘othering’ in Austrian and French media discourse on Turkey’s accession to the EU (2004–2006). A typology of arguments justifying inclusion and exclusion of Turkey from Europe or the EU is presented, and gender-specific othering is placed in the context of differing national discourses about Europe and diverging visions of secularisation and citizenship. Secondly, various topoi of orientalism are reconstructed which play a crucial role in both national corpora, and it is shown how various historically shaped discourses of alterity intersect and produce gendered images of cultural and religious otherness.

scholarly journals Application of epidemiological information system (EPIS) in the Slovak Republic within the surveillance of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis outbreaks in the European union (2001–2010)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Lucia Zeleňáková ◽  
Jana Žiarovská ◽  
Stanislav Kráčmar ◽  
Ladislav Mura ◽  
Dagmar Kozelová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Epidemiological Information ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the work was to analyze the changes in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis diseases in Slovakia over the past 10 years and evaluate them in the context of epidemiological changes comparing to the EU. Salmonellosis (A020) and campylobacteriosis (A045) belong to the diseases with the highest morbidity in Slovakia. For the period 2001–2010 was reported in Slovakia 109 304 salmonellosis cases in human and 3 327 cases of Salmonella carriage. The five-year EU-trend (2005–2009) showed a statistically significant decrease of salmonellosis disease (with a mean reduction of 12% per year). Campylobacteriosis remains a long time the most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in Slovakia as well as in EU. For the period of 2001–2010 25 574 campylobacteriosis cases was reported in Slovakia. Most diseases were reported in 2010 with the number 4 591 (84.63 morbidity/100 000 inhabitants). Increase in morbidity is evident since 2003 with an average annual increase of 22%. We focused on more in-depth epidemiological analysis of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis cases in Slovak Republic in relation to the infection agens and the outbreak of disease transmission mechanism, age and gender, location and seasonality of disease.

scholarly journals Theoretical characteristics of using leverage instruments in the context of rural entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Korsaka ◽  
◽  
Gunta Grinberga-Zalite ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
National Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
The Eu

Today, the matters pertaining to regional and urban development in the EU are increasingly integrated into EU development plans and strategies. The EU actively facilitates regional development by supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions to contribute to employment, education and social integration. The strategic goal of the National Development Plan of Latvia 2021-2027 is to promote also regional development in Latvia in order to ensure long-term balanced growth in the country. Promoting entrepreneurship in the regions is of great importance, as Latvia is still one of the countries in the European Union experiencing unbalanced regional development and having socio-economic disparities. Consequently, financial performance and financial stability play an important role in sustainable business development. Rural entrepreneurs whose business is seasonal often lack an awareness of the role of financial leverage degrees, which could lead to making wrong decisions. Performing an assessment of the degrees of financial leverage could be useful not only in a situation when experiencing a business expansion but also when a business decline occurs, which is specific to rural entrepreneurship. A hypothesis of the present research is based on the authors’ opinion that by meaningfully applying the degrees of financial leverage, it is possible to enhance the financial performance of enterprises, which is particularly important for rural entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is to define the degrees of financial leverage – the degree of operating leverage (DOL), the degree of financial leverage (DFL) and the degree of combined leverage (DCL) – as measures of financial performance of enterprises and classify the principles of measure assessment in relation to whether the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations are positive or negative. The research employed the following methods: induction – to make scientific assumptions and identify similarities based on individual elements – and deduction – to logically systematize and explain empirical data. Applying the empirical and logical construction methods, the authors analysed six different theoretically possible situations, gave six different examples, defined and classified the principles of leverage degree assessment as different (positive and negative) in relation to the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial performance of the European Union - pivot of its economic security

New Medit ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Present Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Performance ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Eu

The goal of the present paper is to demonstrate whether the varying performance of the European Union states in terms of business and entrepreneurial attractiveness and activity is diminishing the level of overall economic security. Accordingly, the particular objectives which are to be achieved include: firstly, structuring the EU countries by performance groups in terms of economic efficiency; secondly, development of an innovative approach through which it can be analysed the dynamics and present level of economic security across the identified groups; and thirdly, analysis of interdependence between the selected indicators within the developed approach and, as result, suggestion of relevant policy measures at the level of the European Union. The methodology applied to reach the goal and objectives of the research includes a throughout quantitative analysis of data regarding the discrepancies in the European Union in terms of innovation output, resource productivity, employees’ salary, business R&D expenditure, international investment positions, gross fixed capital formation, exports, energy efficiency and unemployment. The results reached expressively underline that the level of discrepancies among the performance groups in the European Union is high, these differences growing in the areas of business and entrepreneurial performance.

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