Biodiesel Production Using Modified Direct Transesterification by Sequential Use of Acid-Base Catalysis and Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Using Various Blends

Biodiesel is a seemingly suitable alternative substitute for conventional fossil fuels to run a diesel engine. In the first part of the study, the production of biodiesel by modified direct transesterification (MDT) is reported. An enhancement in the biodiesel yield with a considerable reduction in reaction time with the MDT method was observed. The required duration for diesel and biodiesel blending was minimized including glycerol separation time from biodiesel in the MDT method. The development in the automotive sector mainly focuses on the design of an efficient, economical, and low emission greenhouse gas diesel engine. In the current experimental work Ceiba pentandra/Nigella sativa and diesel blends (CPB10 and NSB10) were used to run the diesel engine. A variety of approaches were implemented to improve the engine performance for these combinations of fuels. The fuel injector opening pressure (IOP) was set at 240 bar, the torriodal re-entrant combustion chamber (TRCC) having a six-hole injector with a 0.2 mm orifice diameter each, provided better brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with lower emissions compared with the hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC) and trapezoidal combustion chamber (TCC) for both CPB10 and NSB10. CPB10 showed better performance compared with NSB10. A maximum BTE of 29.1% and 28.6% were achieved with CPB10 and NSB10, respectively, at all optimized conditions. Diesel engine operation with CPB10 and NSB10 at 23° bTDC fuel injection timing, and 240 bar IOP with TRCC can yield better results, close to a diesel run engine at 23° bTDC fuel injection timing, and 205 bar IOP with HCC.

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Effects of Fuel Injection Timing in the Combustion of Biofuels in a Diesel Engine at Partial Loads

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4003808 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. J. Sequera ◽

R. N. Parthasarathy ◽

S. R. Gollahalli

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Fuel Injector ◽

Single Cylinder ◽

Fuel Injection Timing ◽

Partial Loads

Methyl and ethyl esters of vegetable oils have become an important source of renewable energy with convenient applications in compression-ignition (CI) engines. While the use of biofuels results in a reduction of CO, particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons in the emissions, the main disadvantage is the increase of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The increase in NOx emissions is attributed to differences in chemical composition and physical properties of the biofuel, which in turn affect engine operational parameters such as injection delay and ignition characteristics. The effects of fuel injection timing, which can compensate for these changes, on the performance and emissions in a single cylinder air-cooled diesel engine at partial loads using canola methyl ester and its blends with diesel are presented in this study. The engine is a single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated, CI engine with a displacement volume of 280 cm3 rated at 5 HP at 3600 rpm under a dynamometer load. It was equipped with a pressure sensor in the combustion chamber, a needle lift sensor in the fuel injector, and a crank angle sensor attached to the crankshaft. Additionally, the temperature of the exhaust gases was monitored using a thermocouple inside the exhaust pipe. Pollutant emissions were measured using an automotive exhaust gas analyzer. Advanced, manufacturer-specified standard, and delayed injection settings were applied by placing shims of different thicknesses under the injection pump, thus, altering the time at which the high-pressure fuel reached the combustion chamber. The start of injection was found to be insensitive to the use of biofuels in the engine. The late injection timing of the engine provided advantages in the CO and NO emissions with a small penalty in fuel consumption and thermal efficiency.

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Studies on the Combustion of the Pre-Combustion Chamber Diesel Engine : 2nd Report, The Effects of the Load and Fuel Injection Timing on the Heat Release Rate

Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers ◽

10.1299/kikai1938.32.116 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 32 (233) ◽

pp. 116-125

Author(s):

Seok Hong SEO

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Heat Release ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Heat Release Rate ◽

Release Rate ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Fuel Injection Timing

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Performance evaluation of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with Uppage Oil Methyl Ester (UOME)

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.4.1.1-10 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.N. Basavarajappa ◽

N. R. Banapurmath ◽

S.V. Khandal ◽

G. Manavendra

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

High Speed ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

High Pressures ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Injection Timing ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Performance And Emission

For economic and social development of any country energy is one of the most essential requirements. Continuously increasing price of crude petroleum fuels in the present days coupled with alarming emissions and stringent emission regulations has led to growing attention towards use of alternative fuels like vegetable oils, alcoholic and gaseous fuels for diesel engine applications. Use of such fuels can ease the burden on the economy by curtailing the fuel imports. Diesel engines are highly efficient and the main problems associated with them is their high smoke and NOx emissions. Hence there is an urgent need to promote the use of alternative fuels in place of high speed diesel (HSD) as substitute. India has a large agriculture base that can be used as a feed stock to obtain newer fuel which is renewable and sustainable. Accordingly Uppage oil methyl ester (UOME) biodiesel was selected as an alternative fuel. Use of biodiesels in diesel engines fitted with mechanical fuel injection systems has limitation on the injector opening pressure (300 bar). CRDI system can overcome this drawback by injecting fuel at very high pressures (1500-2500 bar) and is most suitable for biodiesel fuels which are high viscous. This paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine fuelled with UOME biodiesel at different injection timings and injection pressures. From the experimental evidence it was revealed that UOME biodiesel yielded overall better performance with reduced emissions at retarded injection timing of -10° BTDC in CRDI mode of engine operation.

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Modeling a fuel injector for a two-stroke diesel engine

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-2017-325 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 170 (3) ◽

pp. 147-153

Author(s):

Rafał SOCHACZEWSKI ◽

Zbigniew CZYŻ ◽

Ksenia SIADKOWSKA

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Fuel Injector ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Flow Area ◽

Fuel Mass ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Injector Nozzle

This paper discusses the modeling of a fuel injector to be applied in a two-stroke diesel engine. A one-dimensional model of a diesel injector was modeled in the AVL Hydsim. The research assumption is that the combustion chamber will be supplied with one or two spray injectors with a defined number of nozzle holes. The diameter of the nozzle holes was calculated for the defined options to provide a correct fuel amount for idling and the maximum load. There was examined the fuel mass per injection and efficient flow area. The studies enabled us to optimize the injector nozzle, given the option of fuel injection into the combustion chamber to be followed.

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