scholarly journals Cost Allocation in Integrated Community Energy Systems—Social Acceptance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9951
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Rudi Hakvoort ◽  
Zofia Lukszo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Fair Process ◽  
Allocation Method ◽  
The Cost

Integrated community energy systems (ICESs) are a good representative of local energy systems by integrating local distributed energy resources and local communities. It is proposed that costs should be allocated in a socially acceptable manner since there is no regulation in ICESs. In this paper, social acceptance is conceptualized from the dimension of community acceptance considering procedural and distributive justice. A fair process increases the understanding and the acceptance of the cost allocation outcomes, and a fair outcome leads to the acceptance of the cost allocation procedure. This approach adopted the multi-criteria decision-making technique to evaluate social acceptance to select a cost allocation method that was socially acceptable to local community members. The results show that our approach is unique and useful when multiple decision-making groups have to decide together upon the cost allocation method. It is able to provide quantitative results and optimal decisions from a multi-group decision-making perspective. The methodology developed in this research can be applied to any local community energy system to select a cost allocation method. Furthermore, the obtained results can be used by decision-makers to support them in the decision-making process. Based on our approach, policy implications are also analyzed to support the success of cost allocation in ICESs.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Decision-Making for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Cities: A Case Study of Xiongan New District in China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6223
Author(s):  
Bin Ye ◽  
Minhua Zhou ◽  
Dan Yan ◽  
Yin Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

The application of renewable energy has become increasingly widespread worldwide because of its advantages of resource abundance and environmental friendliness. However, the deployment of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) varies greatly from city to city due to large differences in economic endurance, social acceptance and renewable energy endowment. Urban policymakers thus face great challenges in promoting local clean renewable energy utilization. To address these issues, this paper proposes a combined multi-objective optimization method, and the specific process of this method is described as follows. The Hybrid Optimization Model for electric energy was first used to examine five different scenarios of renewable energy systems. Then, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution was applied using eleven comprehensive indicators to determine the best option for the target area using three different weights. To verify the feasibility of this method, Xiongan New District (XND) was selected as an example to illustrate the process of selecting the optimal HRES. The empirical results of simulation tools and multi-objective decision-making show that the Photovoltaic-Diesel-Battery off-grid energy system (option III) and PV-Diesel-Hydrogen-Battery off-grid energy system (option V) are two highly feasible schemes for an HRES in XND. The cost of energy for these two options is 0.203 and 0.209 $/kWh, respectively, and the carbon dioxide emissions are 14,473 t/yr and 345 t/yr, respectively. Our results provide a reference for policymakers in deploying an HRES in the XND area.

Are Home Care Programs Cost-Effective? A Systematic Review of the Literature

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Home Health Care ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

The cost-effectiveness of home care programs and services is an important area of health care research given the recent growth and continuing trend in home health care, the current state of health care reform in Canada, and changing demographics in Canada. Home care programs often proceed with little evidence-based decision-making. Increased demand for evidence-based decision-making is apparent in not only clinical settings, but also in policy environments thus creating a need for more research in this area. There are presently very few rigorous studies on the cost-effectiveness of home care programs. This systematic literature review addresses the research question, “What is the relationship between cost-consequence evidence and policy implications within the home care context?” The findings are not surprising. They include mixed results and indicate that cost-effectiveness of home care programs is an important area to study in spite of the many challenges. The challenges presented must be acknowledged and addressed in order to produce better research designs in future studies.

scholarly journals Daily Operation Optimization of a Hybrid Energy System Considering a Short-Term Electricity Price Forecast Scheme

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Bento ◽  
Hugo Nunes ◽  
José Pombo ◽  
Maria Calado ◽  
Sílvio Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Operation Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Price Forecast ◽  
Hybrid Energy Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transportation Electrification ◽  
Installed Capacity

The scenario where the renewable generation penetration is steadily on the rise in an increasingly atomized system, with much of the installed capacity “sitting” on a distribution level, is in clear contrast with the “old paradigm” of a natural oligopoly formed by vertical structures. Thereby, the fading of the classical producer–consumer division to a broader prosumer “concept” is fostered. This crucial transition will tackle environmental harms associated with conventional energy sources, especially in this age where a greater concern regarding sustainability and environmental protection exists. The “smoothness” of this transition from a reliable conventional generation mix to a more volatile and “parti-colored" one will be particularly challenging, given escalating electricity demands arising from transportation electrification and proliferation of demand-response mechanisms. In this foreseeable framework, proper Hybrid Energy Systems sizing, and operation strategies will be crucial to dictate the electric power system’s contribution to the “green” agenda. This paper presents an optimal power dispatch strategy for grid-connected/off-grid hybrid energy systems with storage capabilities. The Short-Term Price Forecast information as an important decision-making tool for market players will guide the cost side dispatch strategy, alongside with the storage availability. Different scenarios were examined to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals The District Heating in the Context of the Active Consumers Development in Smart Energy Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Vladimir K. Averyanov ◽  
Aleksey A. Melezhik ◽  
Alexander S. Gorshkov ◽  
Yury V. Yuferev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Status ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Community Facilities

The paper defines the main factors of the smart energy systems that influence on the district heating. Noted increase in the regulatory impact of electric energy system on the district heating and increase in roles of the distribution and consumption of thermal energy. Urban population and other consumers of energy become equal partners of the utilities and acquire the status of "active" consumers. The heating supply companies need to develop a new model of management of heating regimes with dynamic synchronization with energy system and "active" consumers. One of the most important conditions of the achievement of the cost reduction, reliability and quality increase in community facilities is active consumer's behavior.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Selected Patient Categories Within A Dermatology Department Using an ABC Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Papadaki ◽  
Boris Popesko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Hospital Management ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Traditional Costing ◽  
The Cost

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Present trends in hospital management are facilitating the utilization of more accurate costing methods, which potentially results in superior cost-related information and improved managerial decision-making. However, the Activity-Based Costing method (ABC), which was designed for cost allocation purposes in the 1980s, is not widely used by healthcare organizations. This study analyzes costs related to selected categories of patients, those suffering from psoriasis, varicose ulcers, eczema and other conditions, within a dermatology department at a Czech regional hospital.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The study was conducted in a hospital department where both inpatient and outpatient care are offered. Firstly, the diseases treated at the department were identified. Further costs were determined for each activity using ABC. The study utilized data from managerial and financial accounting, as well as data obtained through interviews with departmental staff. Using a defined cost-allocation procedure makes it possible to determine the cost of an individual patient with a given disease more accurately than via traditional costing procedures.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>The cost analysis focused on the differences between the costs related to individual patients within the selected diagnoses, variations between inpatient and outpatient treatments and the costs of activities performed by the dermatology department. Furthermore, comparing the costs identified through this approach and the revenue stemming from the health insurance system is an option.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>Activity-Based Costing is more accurate and relevant than the traditional costing method. The outputs of ABC provide an abundance of additional information for managers. The benefits of this research lie in its practically-tested outputs, resulting from calculating the costs of hospitalization, which could prove invaluable to persons involved in hospital management and decision-making. The study also defines the managerial implications of the performed cost analysis for the hospital management. Based on the analysis results, it is possible to standardize activities and performance appraisal (Benchmarking), and provide all necessary information for hospital budgeting practices, especially Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB).</p>

scholarly journals Sustainability and Energy Conversions

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M. Benson ◽  
Franklin M. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Material Sciences ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Huge Challenge

AbstractA sustainable global energy system requires a transition away from energy sources with high greenhouse emissions. Vast energy resources are available to meet our needs, and technology pathways for making this transition exist. Lowering the cost and increasing the reliability and quality of energy from sustainable energy sources will facilitate this transition. Changing the world's energy systems is a huge challenge, but it is one that can be undertaken now with improvements in energy efficiency and with continuing deployment of a variety of technologies. Numerous opportunities exist for research in material sciences to contribute to this global-scale challenge.

scholarly journals Sizing Optimization of District Energy Systems Considering Meteorological, Demand, and Electricity Emission Factor Uncertainties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ghaemi ◽  
Thomas T. D. Tran ◽  
Amanda D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
District Energy ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Open Source Framework ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Configurations ◽  
Energy Components

In this study, a framework is developed to perform two-stage stochastic programming in a district energy system. This framework optimizes the sizing of energy components to minimize the total cost and operating $CO_2$ emissions. Uncertainties in electricity demand, solar irradiance, wind speed, and electricity emissions are considered. A group of buildings at University of Utah is used as the case study to test the optimization framework. This study is novel by forming an open-source framework, considering electricity emissions with more details compared to previous studies in the literature, and performing the optimization for a campus in the U.S. This study’s results show the trade-off between cost and emissions when different energy configurations are used for three electricity purchasing cases. This framework can help facility managers to evaluate the optimum sizing of their district energy system to minimize the cost and emissions.

scholarly journals Natural Gas vs. Electricity for Solvent-Based Direct Air Capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah McQueen ◽  
Michael J. Desmond ◽  
Robert H. Socolow ◽  
Peter Psarras ◽  
Jennifer Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Direct Air Capture ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
Total Capture ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
The Cost

Removing CO2 from the air with chemicals (Direct Air Capture, DAC) requires a significant amount of energy. Here, we evaluate the cost of co-constructing a solvent DAC process with its energy system. We compare eight energy systems paired with two alternative designs for a liquid-solvent DAC system capturing 1 MtCO2/year, which requires roughly 240 to 300 megawatts of steady power equivalent, 80% thermal and 20% electric. Two energy systems burn natural gas onsite for heat and electricity, capturing nearly all the CO2 released during combustion, and six are all-electric non-fossil systems. The cost of the DAC facility alone contributes $310/tCO2 for a conventional process-based design and $150/tCO2 for a more novel design. When the decomposition of calcium carbonate occurs within a natural-gas-heated calciner, the energy system adds only $80/tCO2 to these costs, assuming $3.25/GJ ($3.43/MMBtu) gas. However, leakage in the natural gas supply chain increases the cost of net capture dramatically: with 2.3% leakage (U.S. national average) and a 20-year Global Warming Potential of 86, costs are about 50% higher. For the all-electric systems, the total capture cost depends on the electricity cost: for each $/MWh of levelized cost of electricity, the total capture cost increases by roughly $2/tCO2. Continuous power is required, because the high-temperature calciner cannot be cycled on and off, so solar and wind power must be supplemented with storage. Our representative capture costs are $250–$440/tCO2 for geothermal energy, $370–$620/tCO2 for nuclear energy (two variants–a light water reactor and small modular nuclear), $360–$570/tCO2 for wind, $430–$690/tCO2 for solar photovoltaics (two variants assuming different daily solar capacities), and $300–$490/tCO2 for a hybrid system with a natural-gas-powered electric calciner.

scholarly journals Análisis del Potencial Energético Solar Basado en Mediciones in Situ en el Municipio de Acacías - Meta

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Angel Alejandro Rodriguez Aya ◽  
John Alejandro Figueredo Luna ◽  
Juan Alejandro Chica García
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

This research presents the preliminary results of the research entitled Design and implementation of a fixed and mobile photovoltaic system to capture the solar power, determining the cost-benefit ratio for the Acacías CEAD, a study that will determine the solar power that affects the University National Open and Distance - UNAD of the municipality of Acacías and deliver a study to determine the solar radiation of the area, in order to verify the potentiality and feasibility of installing solar energy systems in the University and nearby areas; It has been possible to determine that solar power in the area per m² is close to 45% of that measured by IDEAM (Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies Institute in Colombia), with a potential absorption of 331W per day in an area of 1m², which makes feasible a possible implementation of a solar energy system. Keywords: Solar power, solar energy, solar panel, energy efficiency.

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