Improved treatment of dark matter capture in neutron stars III: nucleon and exotic targets

We consider the capture of dark matter (DM) in neutron stars via scattering on hadronic targets, including neutrons, protons and hyperons. We extend previous analyses by including momentum dependent form factors, which account for hadronic structure, and incorporating the effect of baryon strong interactions in the dense neutron star interior, rather than modelling the baryons as a free Fermi gas. The combination of these effects suppresses the DM capture rate over a wide mass range, thus increasing the cross section for which the capture rate saturates the geometric limit. In addition, variation in the capture rate associated with the choice of neutron star equation of state is reduced. For proton targets, the use of the interacting baryon approach to obtain the correct Fermi energy is essential for an accurate evaluation of the capture rate in the Pauli-blocked regime. For heavy neutron stars, which are expected to contain exotic matter, we identify cases where DM scattering on hyperons contributes significantly to the total capture rate. Despite smaller neutron star capture rates, compared to existing analyses, we find that the projected DM-nucleon scattering sensitivity greatly exceeds that of nuclear recoil experiments for a wide DM mass range.

Study on the needs of tuna fish as raw material for macro scale fish processing industry in Banda Aceh

Aceh Province has a great potential fish resource, sustainable Potential on Capture Fisheries about 272,707 tons and total Capture Fishery Production is 208,200,830, moreover this potential has not been utilized optimally. The cached Fish at Koetaradja Fishing Port Banda Aceh are still abundant, so it is possible to be proceed industrially either at micro or macro scale. This study aims to examine the needs of the fishing industry in Aceh Province about the need of fish raw materials and to find out the type and amount of raw materials needed by a fish processing industry (macro scale) in Banda Aceh city. In addition, interviews and questionnaires were used as the instruments in collecting data. This research was conducted to five macro-scale fishery processing companies in Banda Aceh City there are PT. Aceh Samudera Bahari, PT. Aceh Lampulo Jaya Bahari, CV. Thunnus Saputra, PT. Sure Tuna Pacific and CV. Barakah Sumber Bahari. The results showed that there were 3 types of fish used as the processed raw materials, there are skipjack, tuna and kite fish. Skipjack tuna is the most fish needed by every processed industry. The need for fish raw materials at PT. Aceh Samudera Bahari requires skipjack tuna raw materials about 58,098 Kg/month (697,176 Kg/year), At PT. Aceh Lampulo Jaya Bahari requires the raw materials for skipjack tuna about 25,972 Kg/month (311,664 Kg/year, PT. Yakin Tuna Pasifik requires raw materials for skipjack tuna about 52,788 Kg/month (633,456 Kg/year), and CV. Barakah Sumber Bahari requires 20,498 Kg/month of skipjack fish raw materials (245,976 Kg/year). The total of all skipjack tuna raw materials needed by these 5 companies in one year is 3,205,224 Kg.

Natural Gas vs. Electricity for Solvent-Based Direct Air Capture

Removing CO2 from the air with chemicals (Direct Air Capture, DAC) requires a significant amount of energy. Here, we evaluate the cost of co-constructing a solvent DAC process with its energy system. We compare eight energy systems paired with two alternative designs for a liquid-solvent DAC system capturing 1 MtCO2/year, which requires roughly 240 to 300 megawatts of steady power equivalent, 80% thermal and 20% electric. Two energy systems burn natural gas onsite for heat and electricity, capturing nearly all the CO2 released during combustion, and six are all-electric non-fossil systems. The cost of the DAC facility alone contributes $310/tCO2 for a conventional process-based design and $150/tCO2 for a more novel design. When the decomposition of calcium carbonate occurs within a natural-gas-heated calciner, the energy system adds only $80/tCO2 to these costs, assuming $3.25/GJ ($3.43/MMBtu) gas. However, leakage in the natural gas supply chain increases the cost of net capture dramatically: with 2.3% leakage (U.S. national average) and a 20-year Global Warming Potential of 86, costs are about 50% higher. For the all-electric systems, the total capture cost depends on the electricity cost: for each $/MWh of levelized cost of electricity, the total capture cost increases by roughly $2/tCO2. Continuous power is required, because the high-temperature calciner cannot be cycled on and off, so solar and wind power must be supplemented with storage. Our representative capture costs are $250–$440/tCO2 for geothermal energy, $370–$620/tCO2 for nuclear energy (two variants–a light water reactor and small modular nuclear), $360–$570/tCO2 for wind, $430–$690/tCO2 for solar photovoltaics (two variants assuming different daily solar capacities), and $300–$490/tCO2 for a hybrid system with a natural-gas-powered electric calciner.

Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) Species Diversity, Habitat Preferences, and Ecological Aspects of Distribution in Bajaur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The species composition, distribution, and bionomics of sand flies was investigated from January to December 2017 in four tehsils (20 villages) of district Bajaur (formally Bajaur agency), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In total, 4,173 adult specimens comprising of seven species of Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae) and three species of Sergentomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) were collected by oral aspirator, insecticide spray, and sticky traps from June to October. Highest numbers of flies were collected indoors in July and August when relative humidity and temperature were highest. Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot (Diptera: Psychodidae) was the most abundant species from all the collection sites, making approximately 70% of the total capture. Combined dwellings and chicken cages harbored the highest number of adult and immature flies (unrotated external genitalia). Abundance of P. sergenti had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlation with monthly average temperature, relative humidity, and average rainfall in indoor collections. On the other hand, P. papatasi Scopoli displayed similar correlation in the indoor and nighttime collections. Both the species were apparently abundant in the elevation range ≤ 419 m above sea level and on rangelands. Phlebotomus papatasi, however, also occurred on agricultural lands. The number of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases did not significantly correlate with the abundance of sand fly vectors across the villages surveyed. The results reported herein can serve as a baseline for an all-extensive future work in Bajaur. Our investigations will benefit the public health experts and medical entomologists for improved control and surveillance vectors of leishmaniasis.

Real-Time Multi-person Motion Capture from Multi-view Video and IMUs

A real-time motion capture system is presented which uses input from multiple standard video cameras and inertial measurement units (IMUs). The system is able to track multiple people simultaneously and requires no optical markers, specialized infra-red cameras or foreground/background segmentation, making it applicable to general indoor and outdoor scenarios with dynamic backgrounds and lighting. To overcome limitations of prior video or IMU-only approaches, we propose to use flexible combinations of multiple-view, calibrated video and IMU input along with a pose prior in an online optimization-based framework, which allows the full 6-DoF motion to be recovered including axial rotation of limbs and drift-free global position. A method for sorting and assigning raw input 2D keypoint detections into corresponding subjects is presented which facilitates multi-person tracking and rejection of any bystanders in the scene. The approach is evaluated on data from several indoor and outdoor capture environments with one or more subjects and the trade-off between input sparsity and tracking performance is discussed. State-of-the-art pose estimation performance is obtained on the Total Capture (mutli-view video and IMU) and Human 3.6M (multi-view video) datasets. Finally, a live demonstrator for the approach is presented showing real-time capture, solving and character animation using a light-weight, commodity hardware setup.

Radiative pion capture in 2H, 3He and 3H

We investigate the π– + 2H → γ + n + n, π– + 3He → γ + 3H, π– + 3He → γ + n + d, π– + 3He → γ + n + n + p and π– + 3H → γ + n + n + n capture reactions using realistic two-nucleon and three-nucleon potentials and the single nucleon Kroll-Ruderman-type transition operator. We obtain predictions for the total capture rates for all these processes, calculating rigorously the initial and final nuclear states.

The diversity of arthropods community in dunes and a palm grove (Phoenix dactylifera) in the Touggourt region (Septentrionale Sahara)

An inventory of arthropods was carried out at locations in the desert area of Touggourt, southeast Algeria. Samples were collected from two diverse habitats, a palm grove (agricultural habitat) and dunes (natural habitat). Using the Barber pitfall trap, 1100 specimens, divided into four classes, 15 orders, 44 families and 99 species were obtained. In the palm grove, 660 arthropods were trapped, belonging to four classes and 12 orders. Of these four classes, Insecta dominated followed by Crustacea, Arachnida and Entognata. Insecta accounted for 59.49% of the total capture and was dominated by two orders: Hymenoptera (41.81%) and Amphipoda (34.55%). In the Hymenoptera, Cataglyphis sp. was the most abundant (38.2%), followed by Pheidole pallidula (2.3%). In the dunes, 440 individuals were trapped. Insecta was the most abundant (90.69%), and Crustacea and Arachnida were scarce. Of the dominance by insects, Hymenoptera was most abundant (68.15%), and within that order, Cataglyphis bombycina (35.5%) was the most abundant followed by Monomorium subopacum (8.9%). In the palm grove, 42 species were recorded, compared to 57 in the dunes. The Shannon–Weaver index and equitability varied in both stations. In the palm grove, the diversity was 2.6, and the equitability was 0.5. By contrast in the dunes, the diversity was equal to 4 and the Equitability equal to 0.7. The differences in vegetation between the two sites reflect the differences in species diversity.