scholarly journals Shifting the Balance among the ‘Three Rs of Sustainability:’ What Motivates Reducing and Reusing?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10093
Author(s):  
Carrie M. Leslie ◽  
Alva I. Strand ◽  
Elizabeth A. Ross ◽  
Giovanni Tolentino Ramos ◽  
Eli S. Bridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Three Rs ◽  
The U.S

The “Three Rs of Sustainability—Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,” are central tenets of many community waste-management programs promoting responsible use of natural resources and ecosystem services. Over the past few decades, recycling has become widespread, but monetary and energy expenditures required to transport and transform waste materials have led to downsizing of recycling programs globally and in the U.S. This trend increases the need for effective reducing and reusing practices as alternatives to recycling. Using a survey experiment to examine motivations that underlie reducing and reusing behaviors, individuals reported their current reducing, reusing, and recycling practices. Respondents then were provided with three hypothetical scenarios that described (1) an external waste-management threat to public well-being, (2) social/peer pressure from family and friends towards sustainable decision-making, and (3) increased convenience of reusing and reducing practices. These messages reflect previously identified RRR motivations. After the scenarios, the questions regarding recycling, reducing, and reusing behavior were presented again to test for changes in the responses. All three scenarios were effective in increasing intended reducing and reusing behavior. The threat scenario was slightly more effective than the others, particularly among individuals who reported behavior with considerable recycling practices but not as much reducing and reusing.

The Ideological Foundations of Affective Polarization in the U.S. Electorate

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Webster ◽  
Alan I. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
National Election ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opposing Party ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The U.S

Democratic and Republican partisans dislike the opposing party and its leaders far more than in the past. However, recent studies have argued that the rise of affective polarization in the electorate does not reflect growing policy or ideological differences between supporters of the two parties. According to this view, though Democratic and Republican elites are sharply divided along ideological lines, differences between the policy preferences of rank-and-file partisans remain modest. In this article, we show that there is a close connection between ideological and affective polarization. We present evidence from American National Election Studies surveys that opinions on social welfare issues have become increasingly consistent and divided along party lines and that social welfare ideology is now strongly related to feelings about the opposing party and its leaders. In addition, we present results from a survey experiment showing that ideological distance strongly influences feelings toward opposing party candidates and the party as a whole.

Building Capacity and Public Involvement Among Native American Communities

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. Hernandez ◽  
Mary E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Native American ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Uranium Mining ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Tribal Governments ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) supports a number of local community initiatives to encourage public involvement in decisions regarding environmental waste management and remediation. Native American tribal communities, in most cases, operate as sovereign nations, and thus have jurisdiction over environmental management on their lands. This paper provides examples of initiatives addressing Native American concerns about past radioactive waste management practices — one addresses uranium mining wastes in the Western United States and the other, environmental contamination in Alaska. These two projects involve the community in radioactive waste management decision-making by encouraging them to articulate their concerns and observations; soliciting their recommended solutions; and facilitating leadership within the community by involving local tribal governments, individuals, scientists and educators in the project. Frequently, a community organization, such as a local college or Native American organization, is selected to manage the project due to their cultural knowledge and acceptance within the community. It should be noted that U.S. EPA, consistent with Federal requirements, respects Indian tribal self-government and supports tribal sovereignty and self-determination. For this reason, in the projects and initiatives described in the presentation, the U.S. EPA is involved at the behest and approval of Native American tribal governments and community organizations. Objectives of the activities described in this presentation are to equip Native American communities with the skills and resources to assess and resolve environmental problems on their lands. Some of the key outcomes of these projects include: • Training teachers of Navajo Indian students to provide lessons about radiation and uranium mining in their communities. Teachers will use problem-based education, which allows students to connect the subject of learning with real-world issues and concerns of their community. Teachers are encouraged to utilize members of the community and to conduct field trips to make the material as relevant to the students. • Creating an interactive database that combines scientific and technical data from peer-reviewed literature along with complementary Native American community environmental observations. • Developing educational materials that meet the national science standards for education and also incorporate Native American culture, language, and history. The use of both Native American and Western (Euro-American) educational concepts serve to reinforce learning and support cultural identity. The two projects adopt approaches that are tailored to encourage the participation of, and leadership from, Native American communities to guide environmental waste management and remediation on their lands. These initiatives are consistent with the government-to-government relationship between Native American tribes and the U.S. government and support the principle that tribes are empowered to exercise their own decision-making authority with respect to their lands.

scholarly journals Peer Pressure

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (08) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Steven Kerno
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Formal Methods ◽  
Organizational Leadership ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
The Past

This article outlines various inside and outside influences that organizational leadership has to deal with during decision making. Governmental regulatory agencies have the vested authority to impose sanctions upon non-compliant companies. The dictates of regulatory agencies often create legalistic mazes and bureaucratic rituals that bear little relation to a framework conducive to rational decision making. Deviation from legally codified procedures can subject an organization to a situation where its legitimacy is threatened. Socially conscious groups, from NOW to PETA, have also gained significant constituencies, as well as credibility, for their causes within society as a whole. Many such organizations use more formal methods to give various populations of workers protected legal status. The number of stakeholders relevant to an organization has also increased sharply during the past 50 years. To complicate matters further, different stakeholders are likely to have competing interests. There are cases where organizational leadership proposes actions that are reasonable and necessary for the continuation of the organization, but are resisted very strongly, even by constituencies that might benefit, either immediately or eventually, from their implementation.

scholarly journals Children’s autonomy in medical decision-making

JAHR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Michael Cheng-tek Tai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
The Past

Should children be allowed to express their opinion in regards to medical treatment or experiment? In the past, the practice seemed to assume that children are not matured enough to make decision affecting their well-being, their guardians therefore are given the power to decide for them. In this article the author will argue that this practice should be changed and children should be allowed to get involved. The author quoted findings of Grootens-Wiegers P., Hein I. M., van den Broek J. M. and de Vires M. C. in regards to children’s ability from developmental and neuroscientific aspects that children actually start knowing their like, dislike, good and bad… from a very young age. Though these processes are gradual, the finding tells us that children are not as immature as we used to think. The author thus argues that children’s autonomy must be respected in some way when medical decision is to be made. At least, they must be told what options are available and seek their opinion.

The Stepwise Approach to Decision Making for Long-Term Radioactive Waste Management: Activities of the OECD/NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pescatore ◽  
A. Va´ri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Stepwise Approach

The context of long-term radioactive waste management is being shaped by changes in modern society. Values such as health, environmental protection and safety are increasingly important in our society, demanding new forms of risk governance in dealing with hazardous activities. These changes necessitate, in turn, new forms of dialogue and decision-making processes that include a large number of stakeholders. The development and implementation of radioactive waste management schemes take place over a long time scale, on the order of decades. In this complex context, a “decision” no longer means opting, in one go and for all time, for a complete package solution. Instead, a decision is one step in an overall, cautious process of examining and making choices that preserve the safety and well-being of the present generation and the coming ones while not needlessly depriving the latter of their right of choice. Consideration is thus increasingly being given to concepts such as “stepwise decision making” and “adaptive staging” in which the public, and especially the most affected local public, are meaningfully involved in the planning process. This paper is based on the work of the Forum on Stakeholder Confidence. It reviews the current developments regarding the stepwise approach with the aim to pinpoint where it stands, to highlight its societal dimensions, to analyse its roots in social sciences, and to identify guiding principles and issues in implementation.

Issues, Agendas, and Decision Making on the Supreme Court

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. McGuire ◽  
Barbara Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Agenda Building ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The U.S

In the process of agenda setting, the U.S. Supreme Court is limited to selecting from among only those cases brought before it. Despite this limitation, the justices possess considerable discretion and can reshape the issues in a case as a means of advancing their policy preferences. With data drawn from the Court's opinions, we find that, over the past twenty-five years, the justices have evinced a frequent willingness to expand the issues on their plenary docket and resolve questions not formally presented by the parties. We conclude that, notwithstanding informal norms that disapprove of this practice, issue fluidity is an important component in a continuous program of agenda building.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document