scholarly journals Embodied CO2 Reduction Effects of Free-Form Concrete Panel Production Using Rod-Type Molds with 3D Plastering Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10280
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Son ◽  
Dongjoo Lee ◽  
Jinhyuk Oh ◽  
Sunkuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Reduced Time

When using concrete to produce exterior finishing panels of free-form building structures, different panel shapes make it difficult to reuse the forms. This results in increased formwork cost as well as a significant amount of embodied CO2 (ECO2) generation. Through years of research, we have developed a free-form panel (FCP) production technique engaging the 3D plastering technique (3DPT) without using conventional plywood forms. When 3DPT becomes available for free-form building projects, a great deal of ECO2 reduction effects is expected in addition to reduced time and cost in FCP production. The purpose of this study is to prove this by analyzing ECO2 reduction effects achieved through sustainable FCP production using 3DPT. The study involved project case selection, calculation of resources consumed for conventional plywood forms, and analysis of the reduction effects. As a result, it was demonstrated from the case project that 1196 tons of CO2 were reduced using 3DPT, accounting for approximately 99% of the amount produced from conventional plywood forms (CPF). The study findings will be used as a basic reference for sustainable production of FCPs ensuring speed and precision in production as well as innovative ECO2 reduction effects.

Catholyte-free electroreduction of CO2 for sustainable production of CO: Concept, process development, techno-economic analysis, and CO2 reduction assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeseo Lee ◽  
Wonhee Lee ◽  
Kyung Hwan Ryu ◽  
Joungho Park ◽  
Hyo-Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The Future

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2R) is considered as one of economically viable means to convert CO2 into useful products, for achieving carbon neutrality in the future. Many studies have been conducted...

scholarly journals MANAGING THE TECHNICAL RISK OF PERFORMANCE-BASED BUILDING STRUCTURES

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Marques De Almeida ◽  
Vitor Sousa ◽  
Luís Alves Dias ◽  
Fernando A. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Building Structures ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Technical Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technical Risks ◽  
Building Project

During the past decades, the construction industry has been gradually adhering to major conceptual approaches such as those of quality, performance and risk. This paper proposes a management framework that enables the joint application of these conceptual approaches throughout the various phases of building projects – a Risk-Managed Performance-Based Building (RM-PBB) framework. This framework is based on the policies, procedures and practices of initiatives that gather international consensus, including performance-based model codes and standards, internationally recognized management principles and guidelines, standardized requirements for different types of management systems and also agreed principles of conformity assessment and auditing. This paper presents a summary of the strategic and operational components of this RM-PBB management framework. It also shows the practical outreach of the proposed framework by providing an example of application of each component of the management framework to the specific engineering context of building structures. The example of application further shows how technical risks arising from performance-based building structures can be managed, so that an intended level of structural performance can be fulfilled throughout all stages of a building project.

RC Structure Durability Information Model Based on IFC

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Ying Hua Ye ◽  
Wen Peng Liu ◽  
Bo Diao
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Rc Structure ◽  
International Alliance ◽  
Lifecycle Management

An extension of the BIM technology that allows integrating durability factors into designing process, appraising durability and predicting residual life of building structures is proposed. Furthermore, by integrating national durability code, achievements of durability researches and the IFC standard which is developed by International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) with the standard number of ISO10303 to facilitate AEC information sharing and exchanging, a BIM-Based Durability Appraising Software System for Reinforcement Concrete Structure is developed. The durability information model and IFC data interface are elaborated. Then the system is verified by a case study to be capable of improving lifecycle management of AEC projects, upgrading durability level and optimizing the lifecycle cost structure of building projects.

scholarly journals Symmetric Free Form Building Structures Arranged Regularly on Smooth Surfaces with Polyhedral Nets

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Jacek Abramczyk
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Dimensional Euclidean Space ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Corrugated Shell ◽  
Original Insight ◽  
Parametric Algorithms ◽  
Symmetric Structures ◽  
Regular Networks

The article is an original insight into interdisciplinary challenges of shaping innovative unconventional complex free form buildings roofed with multi-segment shell structures arranged with using novel parametric regular networks. The roof structures are made up of nominally plane thin-walled folded steel sheets transformed elastically and rationally into spatial shapes. A method is presented for creating such symmetric structures based on the regular spatial polyhedral networks created as a result of a composition of many complete reference tetrahedrons by their common flat sides and straight side edges arranged regularly and symmetrically in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The use of the regularity and symmetry in the process of shaping different forms of (a) single tetrahedral meshes and whole consistent polyhedral structures, (b) individual plane walls and complex elevations, (c) single transformed folds, entire corrugated shell roofs, and their structures allow a creative search for attractive rational parametric solutions using a few author’s parametric algorithms and their implementation as built-in commands of the AutoCAD visual editor or applications of the Rhino/Grasshopper program.

scholarly journals Energy and CO2 Reduction of Aluminum Powder Molds for Producing Free-Form Concrete Panels

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9613
Author(s):  
Donghoon Lee ◽  
Sunkuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Repeated Heating ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Reduction Effect

Free-form design may enhance the architectural value of buildings in terms of aesthetic and symbolic effects. However, it is difficult to reuse the mold of free-form concrete segments, so they are manufactured for single use. Manufacturing these molds is a time-consuming process that requires a lot of manpower. To solve these problems, there have been numerous studies on the use of phase change materials (PCMs) to make the molds. PCM molds represent a new technique of producing free-form panels using a computerized numeric control (CNC) machine that employs low-cost material to produce free-form concrete panels. However, PCM molds require a substantial amount of time and energy during fabrication because repeated heating and cooling cycles are required during panel production, and this process increases the CO2 emissions. Thus, the purposes of this study were to develop composite molds using aluminum powder to improve PCM mold performance and to conduct experiments to quantify the reduction of energy use and CO2 emissions. As a result of cooling experiments, it was found that the aluminum powder mold had an energy reduction effect of 14.3% against the PCM mold that had been produced only with paraffin wax, and CO2 reduction effect of more than 50% against the conventional mold.

scholarly journals Automatic Construction by Contour Crafting Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khorramshahi ◽  
Ali Mokhtari
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Automatic Construction ◽  
Contour Crafting ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Traditional Construction

Contour Crafting is a novel technology in construction industry based on 3D printing that uses robotics to construct free form building structures by repeatedly laying down layers of material such as concrete. It is actually an approach to scale up automatic fabrication from building small industrial parts to constructing buildings. However, there are little information about contour crafting (CC) in current use; present paper aims to describe the operational steps of creating a whole building by the machine reviewing relevant literature. Furthermore, it will represent the advantages of CC usage compared to traditional construction methods, as well as its applicability in construction industry.

Minimal contribution of cell-bound antibodies to the immunoscintigraphy of inflamed joints with 99mTc-anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wolski ◽  
E. Palombo-Kinne ◽  
F. Wolf ◽  
F. Emmrich ◽  
W. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Ankle Joints

Summary Aim: The cellular joint infiltrate in rheumatoid arthritis patients is rich in CD4-positive T-helper lymphocytes and macrophages, rendering anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suitable for specific immunoscintigraphy of human/ experimental arthritis. Following intravenous injection, however, mAbs are present both in the free form and bound to CD4-positive, circulating monocytes and T-cells. Thus, the present study aimed at analyzing the relative contribution of the free and the cell-bound component to the imaging of inflamed joints in experimental adjuvant arthritis (AA). Methods: AA rat peritoneal macrophages or lymph node T-cells were incubated in vitro with saturating amounts of 99mTc-anti-CD4 mAb (W3/25) and injected i.v. into rats with AA. Results: In vitro release of 99mTc-anti-CD4 mAb from the cells was limited (on average 1.57%/h for macrophages and 0.84%/h for T-cells). Following i.v. injection, whole body/joint scans and tissue measurements showed only negligible accumulation of radioactivity in inflamed ankle joints (tissue: 0.22 and 0.34% of the injected activity, respectively), whereas the radioactivity was concentrated in liver (tissue: 79% and 71%, respectively), kidney, and urinary bladder. Unlike macrophages, however, anti-CD4 mAb-coated T-cells significantly accumulated in lymphoid organs, the inflamed synovial membrane of the ankle joints, as well as in elbow and knee joints. Conclusion: While the overall contribution of cell-bound mAbs to the imaging of arthritic joints with anti-CD4 mAbs is minimal, differential accumulation of macrophages and T-cells in lymphoid organs and the inflamed synovial membrane indicates preferential migration patterns of these 2 cell populations in arthritic rats. Although only validated for 99mTc-anti-CD4 mAbs, extrapolation of the results to other anticellular mAbs with similar affinity for their antigen may be possible.

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