scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Posidonia oceanica Ecosystem Services along the Italian Coast

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Sergio Scanu ◽  
Daniele Piazzolla ◽  
Simone Bonamano ◽  
Marina Penna ◽  
Viviana Piermattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

This study reports the quantification and analysis of the ecosystem services (ESs) value of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile (1813) meadows in Italy (Liguria, Tuscany, Latium, Campania, Calabria, Apulia, Sardinia, and Sicily regions). The ES evaluation method of P. oceanica meadows applied in this study was obtained from a previous study in which the site-specific approach for the definition of the benefits and services was applied. The distribution of P. oceanica and the ESs economic value have been managed through an open-source geographic information system (QGIS), focusing on five essential ESs: carbon sequestration, bioremediation, oxygen production, erosion protection, and food production. The average value of the ESs obtained on the Italian national scale is €21,660.5 ha−1 yr−1, which is comparable with the values reported in the international literature concerning P. oceanica ESs. The results of this study confirm that the economic evaluation of ESs is an essential tool for the management of the coastal marine environment, especially considering the modularity of the applied approach. The value of the total benefits, considering the entire extension of the national P. oceanica meadows, represents significant value with respect to the Italian gross domestic product, and the individual budgets of the considered Italian regions.

scholarly journals A Model for the Economic Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Services: The Recreational Hunting Function in the Agroforestry Territories of Tuscany (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11229
Author(s):  
Claudio Fagarazzi ◽  
Carlotta Sergiacomi ◽  
Federico M. Stefanini ◽  
Enrico Marone
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services

Cultural ecosystem services (CESs) are non-material benefits generated by natural and human ecosystems that substantially contribute to human wellbeing. Estimating the monetary value of CESs is challenging because there is no real market for these services and therefore there is no actual market price. This study seeks to define an economic evaluation method for these services, with special reference to a recreational CES that has so far received little discussion: hunting. We conducted an online survey in the province of Siena (Tuscany, Italy). The Consumer Surplus estimate of hunters was made using the travel-cost method with a detailed analysis of the annual expenditure on hunting activities, and a negative binomial statistical regression. The results reflect the nature of hunting activity and show the dynamics that have occurred over recent decades. In fact, whereas hunting used to be strongly connected to the rural world as it was an income supplement for local communities, nowadays it has turned into an elitist and almost exclusively recreational activity. In any case, knowing the economic value of ecosystem services constitutes an essential background for planning effective land management and development policies in the short and long term.

scholarly journals The Value of Recreational Ecosystem Services in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Muniyandi Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
National Park ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mental Well Being

Forest ecosystem services have played a vital role in human well-being. Particularly, recreational ecosystem services are creating physical and mental well-being for human beings. Therefore, the main objective of the paper is to estimate the economic value of recreational ecosystem services provides by recreational sites such as Nandi Hills and Nagarhole National Park based on the individual travel cost method in Karnataka, India. This study has used a random sampling method for 300 tourist visitors to recreational sites. The present study has also estimated the consumer surplus of the visitors. The results of the study have found that (i) economic value of two creational sites has been estimated at US $323.05 million, (ii) the consumer surplus has been estimated for Nandi Hills at US $7.45 and Nagarhole National Park at US $3.16. The main implication of the study is to design the entry fees for the recreational site and sustainable utilization of recreational ecosystem services for the present and future generations.

Laminar Counterflow Exchangers: An Approximate Account of Wall Resistance and Variable Transfer Coefficients

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Seban ◽  
T. C. Hsieh ◽  
R. Greif
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Form ◽  
Exact Results ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Usual Definition ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Adequate Accuracy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

There is considered the calculation of the average value of the overall heat-transfer coefficient for counterflow between parallel plates or in concentric tubes when the flows are laminar and the thermal entry lengths for one or both streams extend over a significant part of the exchanger length. It is shown that if this length is at least less than the total length for one of the fluids, the average value of the overall coefficient can be calculated with adequate accuracy from the average values of the individual coefficients by means of the usual definition of the overall coefficient. When both thermal entry lengths exceed the exchanger length, then a special calculation is needed to obtain suitable average overall values. This result is given in graphical form and supported by more exact results from the literature and as obtained here.

scholarly journals An economic evaluation of a forest park using the individual travel cost method (a case study of Ghaleh Rudkhan forest park in northern Iran)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Zandi ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei ◽  
Neda Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Recreational Value ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe true economic value of ecosystem services may not be reflected in market transactions, because there is no real transaction for ecosystem services in the market. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the cost of time and travel to define the value people place on something in the absence of a market price. This study estimates the recreational value of Ghaleh Rudkhan forest park in the north of Iran using the individual travel cost method. This method is considered to be a substitute approach for the market. The data required were collected using questionnaires. Therefore, 271 questionnaires were randomly distributed between the visitors of the recreational site in 2016. In this study, a linear function is used to estimate the effects of explanatory variables including economic and social variables on the number of visits to estimate the recreational value of the forest park. Results showed that a consumer surplus of each person for their visit was 21500 Rials and the annual recreational value of the park was 78390595 Rials per ha. Furthermore, the variables such as travel expenses, income, distance, family size and visitor’s age are effective factors in the recreational use of the park. The results of this study can improve the quality of environmental services of the Ghaleh Rudkhan forest park and could expand the variety of services that they could supply based on the demand of the people.

scholarly journals Economic Value of Cultural Ecosystem Services from Recreation in Popa Mountain National Park, Myanmar: A Comparison of Two Rapid Valuation Techniques

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Wai Soe Zin ◽  
Aya Suzuki ◽  
Kelvin S.-H. Peh ◽  
Alexandros Gasparatos
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Recreational Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Survey Protocol

Protected areas offer diverse ecosystem services, including cultural services related to recreation, which contribute manifold to human wellbeing and the economy. However, multiple pressures from other human activities often compromise ecosystem service delivery from protected areas. It is thus fundamental for effective management to understand the recreational values and visitor behaviors in such areas. This paper undertakes a rapid assessment of the economic value of cultural ecosystem services related to recreation in a national park in Myanmar using two valuation techniques, the individual travel cost method (TCM) and the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA v.1.2). We focus on the Popa Mountain National Park, a protected area visited by approximately 800,000 domestic and 25,000 international tourists annually. Individual TCM estimates that each domestic visitor spent USD 20–24 per trip, and the total annual recreational value contributed by these visitors was estimated at USD 16.1–19.6 million (USD 916–1111 ha−1). TESSA estimated the annual recreational expenditure from domestic and international visitors at USD 15.1 million (USD 858 ha−1) and USD 5.04 million (USD 286 ha−1), respectively. Both methods may be employed as practical approaches to assess the recreational values of protected areas (and other land uses with recreational value), and they have rather complementary approaches. We recommend that both techniques be combined into a single survey protocol.

scholarly journals Economic value of ecosystem services in Protected Landscape Areas in the Czech Republic

Beskydy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Jan Daněk ◽  
David Vačkář ◽  
Eliška Krkoška Lorencová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Odra River ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Social Importance

This study aims to explore spatially explicit economic values of ecosystem services provided by ecosystems and habitats in 25 Protected Landscape Areas (PLAs) in the Czech Republic, with a more detailed overview of three selected PLAs (Beskids Mountains, Český les Mountains and Odra River Basin). In the methodology, combination of the Consolidated Layer of Ecosystems of the Czech Republic (CLES) and the EKOSERV database allowed us to utilize the ecosystem and economic valuation data in a specific geographic context using a GIS-based approach. The total value of ecosystem services in all 25 PLAs reached € 51 billion/year, with the surface area significantly influencing the total average value of a particular PLA. When transformed to value per unit area, the values varied from €1.2 to €6.5 million/km2/year. The results suggest a dominant role of forest ecosystems in the composition of the economic value provided by ecosystem services in the PLAs. Economic valuation of benefits provided by protected areas can help to realize the social importance of these sites and to support policy and decision-making processes.

The seagrass Posidonia oceanica : Ecosystem services identification and economic evaluation of goods and benefits

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Sylvie Campagne ◽  
Jean-Michel Salles ◽  
Pierre Boissery ◽  
Julie Deter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica

Combining Values

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4, 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Common Error ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКА ЛИЧНОСТИ КАК МЕТОД СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПЕРСОНОЛОГИИ

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Елена Старовойтенко
Keyword(s):  
Text Setting ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Continuum

Персонологическая интерпретация текстов предполагает реализацию общенаучных, а также специфических для персонологии, герменевтических установок, к которым относятся: установка на интерпретацию текста как исследование, установка на разнообразие герменевтических действий с текстом, установка на выявление неисследованных содержаний текста, установка на творческое постижение тайн текста, установка на целостное отношение к личности и "Я" автора текста, установка на выявление способности автора быть "практикующим феноменологом", установка на определение места изучаемого текста в континууме текстовых репрезентаций "личности", установка на соотнесение своего понимания текста с другими интерпретациями и их интеграцию, установка на раскрытие сущности авторской "идеи личности", возможное только в единстве интерпретаций, установка на построение и применение герменевтической модели, определяющей процедуру интерпретации как исследования и творчества, установка на определение места проделанного герменевтического поиска в культуре познания и жизни личности, установка на интерпретацию различных видов "текстов личности". Personological interpretation of texts suggests the implementation of the general scientific and also hermeneutical settings specific for Personology which include the setting of the interpretation of the text as a research, setting of a variety of hermeneutical actions with the text, setting to identify unexplored contents of the text, setting of the creative comprehension of the mysteries of the text, setting of the integrity of the attitude of the individual and the "I" of the author of the text, setting to reveal the author's ability to be "practicing phenomenologist", setting of the definition of the place in the text in the continuum of textual representations of the "personality", setting in the correlation of the understanding of the text with other interpretations and their integration, setting of the disclosure of the author's "ideas person" is possible only in the unity of interpretation, setting of the construction and usage of hermeneutical models defining the procedure for the interpretation of both studies and work, the setting to determine the place of hermeneutical research in culture and knowledge of a person's life, setting of the interpretation of various types of "texts of the individual."

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