scholarly journals Analysis of the Transmission of Project Duration and Cost Impacts Based on the GERT Network Technique

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
Xiangtian Nie ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Tianyu Fan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Cost Increase ◽  
Gert Network ◽  
Engineering Projects

In engineering projects, project duration and a cost increase occur in every phase and will propagate their impacts downstream. Associated with the compensation of project duration, the duration and cost impacts are transferred among phases. In this paper, after illustrating the transmission of project duration and cost impacts, we will use the risk transmission theory and GERT (Graphic Evaluation and Review Technique) network technique to build a transmission model. We have designed equivalent parameters of project duration and cost impacts in the GERT model for serial, parallel, and hybrid structures. The algorithm of the GERT network for project cost and duration transmission is analyzed. The effectiveness of this model and algorithm is proved by numerical examples. This paper provides a new analytical method for cost and duration control of engineering projects.

Analysis of Half-Pipe Heating Channels on Pressure Vessel Shells

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-529
Author(s):  
A. E. Blach
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Asme Code

Half-pipe heating channels are used on the outside of pressure vessels such as agitators, mixers, reactors, etc., to avoid the high external pressure associated with heating jackets. No applicable method of analysis is contained in the ASME Code and proof tests are normally required for registration with governing authorities. An analytical method is presented which permits the evaluation of stresses in shell and half pipe; numerical examples are included.

Research on Model of Division of Tender of Engineering: A Minimization Cost Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2584-2589
Author(s):  
Ling Yan ◽  
Qiong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Division Process ◽  
Engineering Projects

With the implementation of engineering projects, essentially, the owner expects to make handsome profits at the lowest cost. From the perspective of project cost, the study try to analyze production costs and transaction costs on tenders division process, then to establish different project cost metering model of tenders division. At the last, the study applies the model to a real case to test it.

Comparison of Search-Based Software Engineering Algorithms for Resource Allocation Optimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Bibi ◽  
Zeeshan Anwar ◽  
Ali Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Search Based Software Engineering ◽  
Resource Leveling ◽  
Pareto Fronts ◽  
Percent Decrease

AbstractA project manager balances the resource allocation using resource leveling algorithms after assigning resources to project activities. However, resource leveling does not ensure optimized allocation of resources. Furthermore, the duration and cost of a project may increase after leveling resources. The objectives of resource allocation optimization used in our research are to (i) increase resource utilization, (ii) decrease project cost, and (iii) decrease project duration. We implemented three search-based software engineering algorithms, i.e. multiobjective genetic algorithm, multiobjective particle swarm algorithm (MOPSO), and elicit nondominated sorting evolutionary strategy. Twelve experiments to optimize the resource allocation are performed on a published case study. The experimental results are analyzed and compared in the form of Pareto fronts, average Pareto fronts, percent increase in resource utilization, percent decrease in project cost, and percent decrease in project duration. The experimental results show that MOPSO is the best technique for resource optimization because after optimization with MOPSO, resource utilization is increased and the project cost and duration are reduced.

The effect of onsite-offshore work division on project cost, schedule, and quality for re-engineering projects in Indian outsourcing software industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasisha Mishra ◽  
Biswajit Mahanty
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Global Software Development ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Software Development Environment ◽  
Engineering Projects

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to make an attempt to find good values of onsite–offshore team strength; number of hours of communication between business users and onsite team and between onsite and offshore team to reduce cost and improve schedule for re-engineering projects in global software development environment. Design/methodology/approach – The system dynamics technique is used for simulation model construction and policy run experimentation. The experts from Indian software outsourcing industry were consulted for model construction, validation and analysis of policy run results in both co-located and distributed software development environment. Findings – The study results show that there is a drop in the overall team productivity in outsourcing environment by considering the offshore options. But the project cost can be reduced by employing the offshore team for coding and testing work only with minimal training for imparting business knowledge. The research results show that there is a potential to save project cost by being flexible in project schedule. Research limitations/implications – The study found that there could be substantial cost saving for re-engineering projects with a loss of project schedule when an appropriate onsite–offshore combination is used. The quality and productivity drop, however, were rather small for such combinations. The cost savings are high when re-engineering work is sent to offshore location entirely after completion of requirement analysis work at onsite location and providing training to offshore team in business knowledge The research findings show that there is potential to make large cost savings by being flexible in project schedule for re-engineering projects. Practical implications – The software project manager can use the model results to divide the software team between onsite and offshore location during various phases of software development in distributed environment. Originality/value – The study is novel as there is little attempt at finding the team distribution between onsite and offshore location in global software development environment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Multi-Skilled Workforce on the Flexibility of Project Resource Scheduling and Project Costs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4(J)) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thulisile Manyi ◽  
Rosemary Sibanda ◽  
Ankit Katrodia
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Resource Scheduling ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Duration Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The introduction of multi-skilling within organisations is normally conducted with the aim of improving efficiency, quality, production and cost-effectiveness. The study addressed the effect of using multiskilled workforce in the execution of project activities by studying the changes in project execution resource scheduling flexibility and project costs in response to workforce multi-skilling strategy. A quantitative research design was used, to test the concept of workforce multi-skilling to predict its influence on project resource scheduling, project cost saving, project duration, effect on optimal utilization of project technicians and members if adopted at Eskom PTM Central Group department. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to collect data and statistical analysis of data was conducted. The hypothesis testing performed concluded as follows; H1: The use of multi-skilling provides for flexible project resource scheduling; the research hypothesis was accepted. H2: Multi-skilling has a positive effect on the project cost savings; the research hypothesis was rejected. H3: The use of multi-skilling has no significant impact on project duration; the research hypothesis was rejected. H4 (i): The findings show that a positive relationship between multi-skilling and job redesign exists, and H4 (ii): Multi-skilling therefore has a positive impact on the adoption of multi skills; both research hypotheses were accepted.

scholarly journals Research on Multi-objective Optimization of Substation Project Management Based on Resource Constraint

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 01055
Author(s):  
Xichu Zhou ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Sixia Fan ◽  
Bin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Optimal Resource ◽  
Electricity Load ◽  
Engineering Projects

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the electricity load continues to increase, the national demand for power engineering projects is also increasing.In the context of the gradual improvement of national requirements for substation projects, decision makers no longer only consider the optimal standards of project duration, cost and quality, but also the resources consumed in the construction and the degree of impact on the environment are important criteria for judging projects.However, in order to be environment-friendly and based on resource constraints, the project management of substation projects is becoming more and more complicated.In this paper, resource factors are added on the basis of the three classical indexes, and the optimal resource allocation of the project is realized under the condition of minimizing the adverse impact on the environment. The feasibility scheme of multi-objective optimization is obtained through particle swarm optimization algorithm.

A Mathematical Model of Consumer Behavior

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lipstein
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Markov Process ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Stochastic Matrices ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Advertising Effort ◽  
Attitude Changes

A mathematical model is presented of consumer behavior in the marketplace under advertising stimulation. The model relates advertising effort to attitude changes and consumer purchases, using a nonstationary Markov process. A new analytical method of handling nonstationary stochastic matrices is developed. The behavior of brand shares under different market conditions is considered along with numerical examples of how the model operates.

Profiling Method of Side Mill for Threading Screw for Dental Implants

2013 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviu Berbinschi ◽  
Nicuşor Baroiu ◽  
Virgil Teodor ◽  
Nicolae Oancea
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Fundamental Theorem ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Numerical Examples

In this paper, it is analyzed, in a comparative way, two methods for profiling disc tools (mills or grinding wheels) for generation of specific threads used in the construction of the prosthetic screw for dental implants. It is proposed an analytical method, based on the fundamental theorem of the surfaces enveloping versus a graphical method, developed in CATIA. They are presented numerical examples for the both methods.

Synthesis of spherical four-bar path generator satisfying the prescribed tangents at two cusps

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-F Chang ◽  
D-M Lu ◽  
W-M Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Cross Ratio ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Special Case

Design equations for spherical four-bar linkages to trace a coupler curve with two prescribed cusps are derived in this study by using a special case of spherical Burmester curves. For the case in which the tangents at two cusps are also prescribed, an analytical method is proposed with the aid of the foregoing design equations associated with the concept of the spherical cross ratio and spherical Bobillier theorem. The proposed method is straightforward and quite useful for those cases in which the tangents at two cusps are neither on the same plane nor on parallel planes. Numerical examples are also provided for illustrating the entire technique.

Analytical method for locating the secondary instant centres of indeterminate planar linkages

2008 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-M Kung ◽  
L-C T Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Order ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
Planar Linkages ◽  
Fourth Order Polynomial ◽  
Order Polynomial Equation

This article presents a new analytical method for locating secondary instant centres (SICs) of indeterminate planar linkages. In this method the SICs are first discriminated into three classes according to their level of geometric dependencies. The concepts of instant-centre digraph, instant-centre walk, and instant-centre circuit are then introduced to establish the recursive relationships between the classified instant centres. It is shown that the location of the instant centres within an instant-centre circuit can be evaluated recursively by first solving a second-order polynomial equation. In addition, by combining the recurrence conditions of several related instant-centre walks, the locations of SICs that are not within an instant-centre circuit can be solved analytically from a fourth-order polynomial equation. The proposed method does not rely on any velocity information or graphical techniques; therefore, it can be applied systematically to all types of indeterminate linkages. It can also be implemented on digital computers for automated analysis. Three numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the usage of this method.

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