scholarly journals Bat Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Energy-Aware Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Jubair ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Ravie Chandren Muniyandi ◽  
Hairulnizam Mahdin ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Link State ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing ◽  
Wireless Mobile

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can be described as a group of wireless mobile nodes that form a temporary dynamic and independent infrastructure network or a central administration facility. High energy consumption is one of the main problems associated with the MANET technology. The wireless mobile nodes used in this process rely on batteries because the network does not have a steady power supply. Thus, the rapid battery drain reduces the lifespan of the network. In this paper, a new Bat Optimized Link State Routing (BOLSR) protocol is proposed to improve the energy usage of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol in the MANET. The symmetry between OLSR of MANET and Bat Algorithm (BA) is that both of them use the same mechanism for finding the path via sending and receiving specific signals. This symmetry resulted in the BOLSR protocol that determines the optimized path from a source node to a destination node according to the energy dynamics of the nodes. The BOLSR protocol is implemented in a MANET simulation by using MATLAB toolbox. Different scenarios are tested to compare the BOLSR protocol with the Cellular Automata African Buffalo Optimization (CAABO), Energy-Based OLSR (EBOLSR), and the standard OLSR. The performance metric consists of routing overhead ratios, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay which is applied to evaluate the performance of the routing protocols. The results of the tests reveal that the BOLSR protocol reduces the energy consumption and increases the lifespan of the network, compared with the CAABO, EBOLSR, and OLSR.

scholarly journals Interpretation on Energy Consumption of DYMO Protocol Towards Green Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2895-2897
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Grid Environment ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Expensive Process

Mobile Ad hoc Network is a decentralized network which can be deployed instantly. Routing is a very challenging task in this network due to dynamic movement of mobile nodes. Various routing protocols such as OLSR, DYMO and ZRP are proposed to establish the route for the data packets in MANET’s. As deploying of the protocols into real environment is a cost expensive process, the protocols are initially evaluated through a simulated arena. Many of the mobile devices are battery equipped and each protocol consumes energy in different manner. In this paper, energy consumption evaluation is carried out on OLSR, DYMO and ZRP protocols in a grid environment. The experiments have shown that DYMO protocol has less energy consumption when compared to OLSR and ZRP protocols.

scholarly journals Improving the selection of MPRs in OLSR protocol: a survey of methods and techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Omar Barki ◽  
Zouhair Guennoun ◽  
Adnane Addaim
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Link State ◽  
Execution Environment ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing ◽  
Selection Of

Multi Point Relays (MPRs) are those nodes that are calculated and determined by the Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) in order to minimize and avoid overload inside the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). In this paper, we will present a synthetic study of many techniques and methods for calculating and selecting the MPR nodes using a set of criteria namely energy, mobility, bandwidth, the quality of links, etc. The result of this study shows that most techniques consider a limited number of metrics for selecting the MPR nodes and therefore they are insufficient to allow the OLSR protocol to be quite complete and efficient because several metrics can occur at the same time in the real execution environment.

scholarly journals A new energy consumption technique for mobile ad hoc networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4147
Author(s):  
S. Alani ◽  
Zahriladha Zakaria ◽  
Herwansyah Lago
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A dynamic temporary network is created through wireless mobile nodes without the need for considerable infrastructure as well as a central manager. In a mobile ad hoc network, routing protocols allow a mobile for transmission and receiving packets. In the last decade, many variants have come up for the AODV. A minimum number of hop counts are chosen for enhancing routing protocols to include additional factors that can have an impact on path selections. As the distance between each node grows, the transmission power also rises accordingly. Hence, this impacts the network’s entire performance and the most important feature is the quality of service. Most of the traditional routing protocols include energy consumption levels of the nodes and various parameters, like residual battery power, consumption of energy per packet and energy needed per transmission. A new technique is proposed in this paper to enhance the routing efficiency by making use of lion optimization algorithm after identifying all possible paths in the network. This technique not only enhances the energy efficiency of each node but also the performance metrics.

Applications and Future Trends in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2007 ◽  
pp. 272-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankar Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Mobile

This chapter presents the current state of the art of mobile ad hoc network and some important problems and challenges related to routing, power management, location management, security as well as multimedia over ad hoc networks. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a temporary, self-organizing network of wireless mobile nodes without the support of any existing infrastructure that may be readily available on the conventional networks. Since there is no fixed infrastructure available for MANET with nodes being mobile, routing becomes a very important issue. In addition, we also explain the various emerging applications and future trends of MANET.

An on-demand, link-state, multi-path QoS routing in a wireless mobile ad-hoc network

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh-Shyan Chen ◽  
Yu-Chee Tseng ◽  
Jang-Ping Sheu ◽  
Po-Hsuen Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Link State ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Wireless Mobile

Mobile Ad Hoc Network

2011 ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
Subhankar Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Wireless Mobile ◽  
Self Organizing

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a temporary, self-organizing network of wireless mobile nodes without the support of any existing infrastructure that may be readily available on conventional networks. It allows various devices to form a network in areas where no communication infrastructure exists. Although there are many problems and challenges that need to be solved before the large-scale deployment of an MANET, small and medium-sized MANETs can be easily deployed.

scholarly journals Total energy consumption analysis in wireless mobile ad hoc network with varying mobile nodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1397
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ayad Saad ◽  
Hayder Jasim Alhamdane ◽  
Adnan Hussein Ali ◽  
Sameer Alani ◽  
M. M. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

The energy protocols that have a mechanisms of shortest path routing considered predominant in the networking scenarios. The interesting matter in the routing protocols designing deal with mobile ad hoc network (MANET) must have an energy efficient network for better network performances. The Performances of such routing protocols that can be assessed will be focused on many metrics like delay, throughput, and packet delivery.  MANET is a distribution network, having no infrastructure and network decentralization. There routing protocols are utilized for detecting paths among mobile nodes to simplify network communication. The performance comparison of three protocols are Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), the second is Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), while the third is Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) routing protocols concerning to average energy consumption and mobile node numbers are described thoroughly by NS-3 simulator.  The nodes number is changing between 10 and 25 nodes, with various mobility models. The performance analysis shows that the suggested protocols are superior in relations to the energy consumption for networking data transmission and the performance of the wireless network can be improved greatly.

scholarly journals Mobility-Aware Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Chalew Zeynu Sirmollo ◽  
Mekuanint Agegnehu Bitew
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Route Discovery ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes that create a temporary network without the help of any central administration or standard support services. Mobility of nodes determines the overall performance of MANET networks. High mobility of nodes causes frequent changes in the network topology, and this leads to link breakage and increases reinitiating of the route discovery process. MANETs commonly use broadcasting techniques for route discovery process. However, it can cause redundant rebroadcasts, packet collisions, and channel contention. The main objective of this paper is to design and develop the mobility-aware routing algorithm (MARA) to enhance the performance of the routing protocol in MANETs. The proposed scheme allows mobile nodes to rebroadcast or discard received broadcasted messages. The decision is based on the combination of node speed, distance between nodes, and residual energy of nodes. These parameters are considered both in route request and route reply process to reduce the chance of link breakage and broadcast storm problems. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated based on the performance metrics: packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, throughput, and routing overhead. We have used network simulator NS-2 V-2.35. The simulation results revealed that MARA outperforms ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), mobility and direction aware (MAD), and mobility and energy-aware (MAE) routing protocols.

Localization and Non-Localization Node Identification Using Dream in MANET

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Singh ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Angad Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Location Services ◽  
Wireless Router ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

 A Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network consists of variety of mobile nodes that temporally kind a dynamic infrastructure less network. To modify communication between nodes that don’t have direct radio contact, every node should operate as a wireless router and potential forward knowledge traffic of behalf of the opposite node. In MANET Localization is a fundamental problem. Current localization algorithm mainly focuses on checking the localizability of a network and/or how to localize as many nodes as possible. It could provide accurate position information foe kind of expanding application. Localization provide information about coverage, deployment, routing, location, services, target tracking and rescue If high mobility among the mobile nodes occurs path failure breaks. Hence the location information cannot be predicted. Here we have proposed a localization based algorithm which will help to provide information about the localized and non-localized nodes in a network. In the proposed approach DREAM protocol and AODV protocol are used to find the localizability of a node in a network. DREAM protocol is a location protocol which helps to find the location of a node in a network whereas AODV is a routing protocol it discover route as and when necessary it does not maintain route from every node to every other. To locate the mobile nodes in a n/w an node identification algorithm is used. With the help of this algorithm localized and non-localized node can be easily detected in respect of radio range. This method helps to improve the performance of a module and minimize the location error and achieves improved performance in the form of UDP packet loss, received packet and transmitted packets, throughput, routing overhead, packet delivery fraction. All the simulation done through the NS-2 module and tested the mobile ad-hoc network.

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