scholarly journals Resting EEG Asymmetry Markers of Multiple Facets of the Behavioral Approach System: A LORETA Analysis

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1794
Author(s):  
Vilfredo De Pascalis ◽  
Giuliana Cirillo ◽  
Arianna Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Behavioral Approach System ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Frontal Activity ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Eeg Recordings

Previously published models of frontal activity linked high relative left frontal activity to the behavioral approach system (BAS) and impulsivity. Additionally, these models did not account for BAS facets encompassing the anticipation of reward, i.e., goal-driven persistence (BAS–GDP) and reward interest (BAS–RI), from those that deal with the actual hedonic experience of reward, i.e., reward reactivity (BAS–RR) and impulsivity (BAS–I). Using resting electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, the source localization (LORETA) method allowed us to calculate the hemispheric asymmetry of the current density within the alpha band (7.5–13 Hz) in ten regions of interest. Compared to low BAS subtrait scorers, high BAS subtrait scorers (except for BAS–I) were correlated with greater relative left-sided activity in the superior frontal gyrus (BA10). Further, an isolated effective coherence (iCOH) analysis of the beta activity (21 Hz) disclosed that high impulsive scorers as compared to low impulsive ones had higher connectivity between the superior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, which was not compensated for by enhanced inhibitory alpha (11 Hz) connectivity between these regions. For the beta frequency, we also found in highly impulsive individuals that (i) both left and right middle temporal lobes directly influenced the activity of the left and right superior frontal lobes, and (ii) a clear decoupling between left and right superior frontal lobes. These findings could indicate reduced control by the supervisory system in more impulsive individuals.

The Cortical Representation of Speech

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Mazoyer ◽  
N. Tzourio ◽  
V. Frak ◽  
A. Syrota ◽  
N. Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
French Words ◽  
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Middle

In this study, we compare regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) while French monolingual subjects listen to continuous speech in an unknown language, to lists of French words, or to meaningful and distorted stories in French. Our results show that, in addition to regions devoted to single-word comprehension, processing of meaningful stories activates the left middle temporal gyrus, the left and right temporal poles, and a superior prefrontal area in the left frontal lobe. Among these regions, only the temporal poles remain activated whenever sentences with acceptable syntax and prosody are presented.

scholarly journals Words and Faces on Left and Right: Perceptual Asymmetries as a Marker for SSRI Responsiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Frontal Activity ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Ssri Medication

<p>Vulnerability to depression has been associated with greater relative right hemisphere frontal activity, as measured by EEG recordings of alpha activity. However, there is much heterogeneity in the patterns of hemispheric asymmetries in people at risk for depression. These different patterns of hemispheric asymmetries may be related to whether an individual responds to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) medication. Response to SSRIs is associated with a pattern of overall relative LH activity, whereas non-response to SSRIs is associated with a pattern of overall relative RH activity. Very little is known about how these asymmetries in neural activity relate to asymmetries in cognition. The current study investigated hemispheric differences in the processing of emotional faces and words, in individuals not vulnerable to depression (a Never Depressed group) and in individuals vulnerable to depression (a Previously Depressed group). In the chimeric faces task, the Previously Depressed group had a significantly larger left hemispatial bias compared to the Never Depressed group. This may reflect relatively greater posterior RH activity/arousal in the Previously Depressed group. No differences were found between SSRI Responders and Non-responders in the chimeric faces task. In the divided visual field task, hemispheric differences in the processing of emotional words were found between the SSRI Responders and SSRI Non-responders. In contrast to SSRI Responders and Never Depressed controls, SSRI Non-responders showed a relative advantage for negative over positive words when they were presented to their LVF/RH; and an advantage for negative words presented to their LVF/RH compared to their RVF/LH. Additionally, they were more sensitive to perceiving the valence of a word that was presented to their LVF/RH. This suggests that their RH semantic systems may differ from that of SSRI Responders and Never Depressed controls. Genetic, hormonal and cognitive factors are discussed in relation to these patterns of hemispheric asymmetries and responsiveness to SSRI medication.</p>

scholarly journals Words and Faces on Left and Right: Perceptual Asymmetries as a Marker for SSRI Responsiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Frontal Activity ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Ssri Medication

<p>Vulnerability to depression has been associated with greater relative right hemisphere frontal activity, as measured by EEG recordings of alpha activity. However, there is much heterogeneity in the patterns of hemispheric asymmetries in people at risk for depression. These different patterns of hemispheric asymmetries may be related to whether an individual responds to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) medication. Response to SSRIs is associated with a pattern of overall relative LH activity, whereas non-response to SSRIs is associated with a pattern of overall relative RH activity. Very little is known about how these asymmetries in neural activity relate to asymmetries in cognition. The current study investigated hemispheric differences in the processing of emotional faces and words, in individuals not vulnerable to depression (a Never Depressed group) and in individuals vulnerable to depression (a Previously Depressed group). In the chimeric faces task, the Previously Depressed group had a significantly larger left hemispatial bias compared to the Never Depressed group. This may reflect relatively greater posterior RH activity/arousal in the Previously Depressed group. No differences were found between SSRI Responders and Non-responders in the chimeric faces task. In the divided visual field task, hemispheric differences in the processing of emotional words were found between the SSRI Responders and SSRI Non-responders. In contrast to SSRI Responders and Never Depressed controls, SSRI Non-responders showed a relative advantage for negative over positive words when they were presented to their LVF/RH; and an advantage for negative words presented to their LVF/RH compared to their RVF/LH. Additionally, they were more sensitive to perceiving the valence of a word that was presented to their LVF/RH. This suggests that their RH semantic systems may differ from that of SSRI Responders and Never Depressed controls. Genetic, hormonal and cognitive factors are discussed in relation to these patterns of hemispheric asymmetries and responsiveness to SSRI medication.</p>

scholarly journals Multiple overlapping dynamic patterns of the visual sensory network in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S.E Sendi ◽  
Godfrey D Pearlson ◽  
Daniel H Mathalon ◽  
Judith M Ford ◽  
Adrian Preda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Connectivity Pattern ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal

Although visual processing impairments have been explored in schizophrenia (SZ), their underlying neurobiology of the visual processing impairments has not been widely studied. Also, while some research has hinted at differences in information transfer and flow in SZ, there are few investigations of the dynamics of functional connectivity within visual networks. In this study, we analyzed resting-state fMRI data of the visual sensory network (VSN) in 160 healthy control (HC) subjects and 151 SZ subjects. We estimated 9 independent components within the VSN. Then, we calculated the dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) using the Pearson correlation. Next, using k-means clustering, we partitioned the dFNCs into five distinct states, and then we calculated the portion of time each subject spent in each state, that we termed the occupancy rate (OCR). Using OCR, we compared HC with SZ subjects and investigated the link between OCR and visual learning in SZ subjects. Besides, we compared the VSN functional connectivity of SZ and HC subjects in each state. We found that this network is indeed highly dynamic. Each state represents a unique connectivity pattern of fluctuations in VSN FNC, and all states showed significant disruption in SZ. Overall, HC showed stronger connectivity within the VSN in states. SZ subjects spent more time in a state in which the connectivity between the middle temporal gyrus and other regions of VNS is highly negative. Besides, OCR in a state with strong positive connectivity between middle temporal gyrus and other regions correlated significantly with visual learning scores in SZ.

scholarly journals IN VIVO ASSESSMENT OF AMYLOID AND GLUCOSE SIGNATURES IN SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE SUBJECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140018
Author(s):  
XIAOFENG YU ◽  
ZHILONG ZHU ◽  
SHUZHAN ZHENG ◽  
JIAN JIANG ◽  
JUANJUAN JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Heschl Gyrus

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), characterized by self-perceived subtle cognitive impairment ahead of the appearance of explicit and measurable cognitive deficits, is regarded as the preclinical manifestation of the pathological change continuum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We were committed to exploring the amyloid and glucose metabolic signatures related to imminent brain metabolic changes in SCD subjects. This study included 39 subjects (mean age = 71.9 years; 14 males and 25 females) diagnosed with SCD disease and 39 gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) (mean age = 75.2; 16 males and 23 females) with brain [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) images and [18F] florbetapir PET images. The standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) of PET images within the regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated. Inter-group SUVR differences were assessed by two-sample [Formula: see text]-testing and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. A generalized linear model (GLM) was employed to evaluate the correlations between amyloid and FDG uptake. Compared with HCs, SCD subjects showed significantly increased amyloid SUVR, as well as significantly increased glucose SUVR in the olfactory, amygdala, thalamus, heschl gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyrus and temporal pole (all [Formula: see text]). The amyloid SUVR of thalamus was found to have a better ROC result (area under the curve (AUC): 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–0.86) in the HC group, as was the case with the glucose SUVR of the middle temporal gyrus (AUC: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.91). There were significant positive correlations between amyloid and glucose SUVRs ([Formula: see text]). The amyloid SUVR of the thalamus showed a significantly better main effect (odd ratio [Formula: see text] 2.91, 95% CI: 1.44–6.7, [Formula: see text]), and the glucose SUVR of the heschl gyrus indicated an enhanced main effect (odd ratio [Formula: see text] 5.08, 95% CI: 1.86–18.15, [Formula: see text]). SCD subjects demonstrated significant amyloid accumulation and glucose hypermetabolism in specific brain regions, and amyloid pathology overlapped with regions of glucose abnormality. These findings may advance the understanding of imminent pathological changes in the SCD stage and help to provide clinical guidelines for interventional management.

scholarly journals Effect of Green Consumption Value on Consumption Intention in a Pro-Environmental Setting: The Mediating Role of Approach and Avoidance Motivation

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402090207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Wang ◽  
Jianming Wang ◽  
Jian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Behavioral Approach System ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Green Consumption ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Consumer Values ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the theory of consumer values, this study aimed to examine the relationship between green consumption values and pro-environmental consumption intention by establishing a “value-motivation-intention” model and to check the moderation effect of green involvement. In total, 741 shoppers were recruited. Data analyses showed that (a) green consumption values positively influenced pro-environmental consumption intention; (b) the behavioral approach system positively influenced pro-environmental consumption intention, but the behavioral inhibition system did not; (c) the behavioral approach system positively mediated the relationship between green consumption values and pro-environmental consumption intention; and (d) green involvement positively moderated the relationship between green consumption values and pro-environmental consumption intention.

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