Differential Ageing of the Brain Hemispheres: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study of Hand Preferences in Common Marmosets

This paper is concerned with decreasing asymmetry of motor control in ageing. It discusses age-related changes in humans and reports a longitudinal study of hand preferences in common marmosets. An annual assessment of hand preference for holding food was recorded throughout the lifespan of 19 marmosets that lived for at least 9 years, and half of those lived for at least 11 years. Those with a left-hand preference showed a gradual reduction in the strength of their hand preference throughout adult life. No significant change in the strength of hand preference was found in right-handed marmosets. Hence, ageing has a specific effect on motor control by the right hemisphere.

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Longitudinal Change in Cortisol Levels Across the Adult Life Span

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/gly279 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 394-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Scott D Moffat ◽

Yang An ◽

Susan M Resnick ◽

Michael P Diamond ◽

Luigi Ferrucci

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Life Span ◽

Adult Life ◽

Urinary Free Cortisol ◽

Longitudinal Change ◽

Adult Life Span ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Age Related ◽

Free Cortisol ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Cortisol is a key stress hormone implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Longitudinal information on cortisol exposure has been restricted to animal models and a small number of human studies. The purpose of the present study was to quantify longitudinal change in cortisol across the adult life span. Methods We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion from ages 20 to 90 years and older. Participants were 1,814 men and women from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who provided a total of 5,527 urine specimens for analysis. The average duration of longitudinal follow-up was 6.6 years. The primary outcome measure was 24-hour urinary free cortisol to creatinine ratio (UFC/Cr) as determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results UFC/Cr follows a U-shaped pattern across the life span with decreases in UFC/Cr in the 20s and 30s, relative stability in the 40s and 50s, and increases thereafter. This pattern of change was robust with respect to adjustment for several potential confounding factors. Conclusions Age-related changes in cortisol exposure raise important questions about the potential protective or exacerbating role of cortisol exposure in predicting medical, physiological, and behavioral outcomes.

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Supplemental Material for Age-Related Deficits in Low-Level Inhibitory Motor Control

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/a0023832.supp ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Low Level ◽

Age Related ◽

Inhibitory Motor Control

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Lateralization in monogamous pairs: wild geese prefer to keep their partner in the left hemifield except when disturbed

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/cz/zoaa074 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elmira Zaynagutdinova ◽

Karina Karenina ◽

Andrey Giljov

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Natural Setting ◽

Intraspecific Interactions ◽

Brain Hemispheres ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Anser Albifrons ◽

Significant Bias ◽

Visual Hemifield ◽

The Right

Abstract Behavioural lateralization, which reflects the functional specializations of the two brain hemispheres, is assumed to play an important role in cooperative intraspecific interactions. However, there are few studies focused on the lateralization in cooperative behaviours of individuals, especially in a natural setting. In the present study, we investigated lateralized spatial interactions between the partners in life-long monogamous pairs. The male-female pairs of two geese species (barnacle, Branta leucopsis, and white-fronted, Anser albifrons geese), were observed during different stages of the annual cycle in a variety of conditions. In geese flocks, we recorded which visual hemifield (left/right) the following partner used to monitor the leading partner relevant to the type of behaviour and the disturbance factors. In a significant majority of pairs, the following bird viewed the leading partner with the left eye during routine behaviours such as resting and feeding in undisturbed conditions. This behavioural lateralization, implicating the right hemisphere processing, was consistent across the different aggregation sites and years of the study. In contrast, no significant bias was found in a variety of geese behaviours associated with enhanced disturbance (when alert on water, flying or fleeing away when disturbed, feeding during the hunting period, in urban area feeding and during moulting). We hypothesize that the increased demands for right hemisphere processing to deal with stressful and emergency situations may interfere with the manifestation of lateralization in social interactions.

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Asymmetry in Event-Related Potentials to Simulated Auditory Motion in Children, Young Adults, and Seniors

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715943 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 001-013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James Jerger ◽

Rebecca Estes

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Apparent Movement ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Auditory Evoked Responses ◽

Age Related ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Velocity Information ◽

The Right ◽

Age Range

We studied auditory evoked responses to the apparent movement of a burst of noise in the horizontal plane. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in three groups of participants: children in the age range from 9 to 12 years, young adults in the age range from 18 to 34 years, and seniors in the age range from 65 to 80 years. The topographic distribution of grand-averaged ERP activity was substantially greater over the right hemisphere in children and seniors but slightly greater over the left hemisphere in young adults. This finding may be related to age-related differences in the extent to which judgments of sound movement are based on displacement versus velocity information.

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Longitudinal Study of Visual Function in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration at 12 Months

Ophthalmology Retina ◽

10.1016/j.oret.2019.03.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 637-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Tammy Hsu ◽

Atalie C. Thompson ◽

Sandra S. Stinnett ◽

Ulrich F.O. Luhmann ◽

Lejla Vajzovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Visual Function ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related

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Dissociated Crossed Speech Areas in a Tumour Patient

Case Reports in Neurology ◽

10.1159/000475882 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jörg Mauler ◽

Irene Neuner ◽

Georg Neuloh ◽

Bruno Fimm ◽

Frank Boers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Right Hemisphere ◽

Insular Cortex ◽

Low Grade ◽

Wada Test ◽

Brain Hemispheres ◽

Eloquent Areas ◽

Tumour Removal ◽

Frontal Operculum ◽

The Right ◽

Impaired Speech

In the past, the eloquent areas could be deliberately localised by the invasive Wada test. The very rare cases of dissociated crossed speech areas were accidentally found based on the clinical symptomatology. Today functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based imaging can be employed to non-invasively localise the eloquent areas in brain tumour patients for therapy planning. A 41-year-old, left-handed man with a low-grade glioma in the left frontal operculum extending to the insular cortex, tension headaches, and anomic aphasia over 5 months underwent a pre-operative speech area localisation fMRI measurement, which revealed the evidence of the transhemispheric disposition, where the dominant Wernicke speech area is located on the left and the Broca’s area is strongly lateralised to the right hemisphere. The outcome of the Wada test and the intraoperative cortico-subcortical stimulation mapping were congruent with this finding. After tumour removal, language area function was fully preserved. Upon the occurrence of brain tumours with a risk of impaired speech function, the rare dissociate crossed speech areas disposition may gain a clinically relevant meaning by allowing for more extended tumour removal. Hence, for its identification, diagnostics which take into account both brain hemispheres, such as fMRI, are recommended.

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Expression levels of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2) in the human liver: developmental relationships of the four promoters

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1490117 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 149 (1) ◽

pp. 117-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

X Li ◽

H Cui ◽

B Sandstedt ◽

H Nordlinder ◽

E Larsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Human Liver ◽

Fetal Liver ◽

Adult Life ◽

Absolute Amount ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Rnase Protection ◽

Highly Active ◽

Age Related ◽

Factor Ii

Abstract We have studied the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2) promoter usage in normal human liver from fetal to late adult life by quantifying the specific transcripts by RNase protection assays using exon-specific probes. While the fetal liver uses only three promoters (P2, P3, P4) for the transcription of IGF2, all four promoters can be used from the age of 2 months after birth. The levels of the individual promoter transcripts vary substantially during development and the P3 promoter, which is a highly active fetal promoter, was not used by all the investigated adult patients but was detected in 30% of the adult group as a whole. The PI promoter, which has previously been considered as the only one responsible for IGF2 transcription in the postnatal/adult liver, displayed a trend of increasing relative and absolute activity throughout life, but in some adult cases it was found to be less active than the P4 promoter. The P4 promoter displayed an age-related trend of decreasing activity from a very high fetal level, but individual exceptions were apparent. The P2 promoter transcript, peaking at the age of 2 months, showed a relatively even absolute amount from 18 months onwards. Thus, while P2 and P3 were both found to reach their highest activity after birth, the P4 promoter displayed its highest transcription at the fetal stage. The total IGF2 transcription, primarily from P2, P3 and P4, was found to peak shortly after birth. After this age, the P3 promoter transcript declined most rapidly and a low or zero amount was detected in adulthood. From the age of 18 months to old adulthood the total IGF2 mRNA, derived primarily from P1, P2 and P4, displayed a relatively even amount (approximately one tenth) of that seen at the peak at 2 months. This data may be important in relation to translatability of the various IGF2 transcripts. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 117–124

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Tethered-flight and Age-related Reproductive Performance of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and H. armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo96064 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 409 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marc Coombs

Keyword(s):

Adult Life ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Food Sources ◽

Age Related ◽

Tethered Flight ◽

Flight Capacity ◽

Early Adult Life ◽

Adult Lives ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Adult Food

Flight capacity of female and male moths was age dependent in both H. punctigera and H. armigera using a tethered-flight technique. In H. punctigera, flight capacity increased from the first night following emergence up to Night 4, and was maintained at least until Night 10. In H. armigera, a peak in flight capacity occurred on Night 4, followed by a decline with increasing age. Long-flying moths (> 5 h duration) were evident in both species from the night following emergence. Attainment of reproductive maturity was rapid in both species, with 91% of H. punctigera and 77% of H. armigera ovipositing by Night 3. Hence, the increase in flight capacity recorded for both species during early adult life is coincident with the onset of reproductive activity. Both species retain the capacity for extensive inter-crop and inter-regional movement throughout most of the reproductive phase of their adult lives. Neither successful mating or the absence of adult food sources influenced flight capacity during early adult life.

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