scholarly journals Review on Performance Enhancement of Photovoltaic/Thermal–Thermoelectric Generator Systems with Nanofluid Cooling

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Kunal Sandip Garud ◽  
Seong-Guk Hwang ◽  
Jeong-Woo Han ◽  
Moo-Yeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Conventional Cooling

Photovoltaics (PVs) are an effective technology to harvest the solar energy and satisfy the increasing global electricity demand. The effectiveness and life span of PVs could be enhanced by enabling effective thermal management. The conversion efficiency and surface temperature of PVs have an inverse relationship, and hence the cooling of PVs as an emerging body of work needs to have attention paid to it. The integration of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to PVs is one of the widely applied thermal management techniques to improve the performance of PVs as well as combined systems. The TEG utilizes the waste heat of PVs and generate the additional electric power output. The nanofluid enables superior thermal properties compared to that of conventional cooling fluids, and therefore the performance of photovoltaic/thermal–thermoelectric generator (PV/T-TEG) systems with nanofluid cooling is further enhanced compared to that of conventional cooling. The TEG enables a symmetrical temperature difference with a hot side due to the heat from PVs, and a cold side due to the nanofluid cooling. Therefore, the symmetrical thermal management system, by integrating the PV/T, TEG, and nanofluid cooling, has been widely adopted in recent times. The present review comprehensively summarizes various experimental, numerical, and theoretical research works conducted on PV/T-TEG systems with nanofluid cooling. The research studies on PV/T-TEG systems with nanofluid cooling were reviewed, focusing on the time span of 2015–2021. This review elaborates the various approaches and advancement in techniques adopted to enhance the performance of PV/T-TEG systems with nanofluid cooling. The application of TEG with nanofluid cooling in the thermal management of PVs is an emerging research area; therefore, this comprehensive review can be considered as a reference for future development and innovations.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Thermal Management System With Negative Parasitic Losses for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Arora ◽  
Kari Tammi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System

Parasitic power requirement is a key criterion in selection of suitable battery thermal management system (TMS) for EV applications. This paper presents a hybrid TMS with negative parasitic requirements, designed by integrating phase change material (PCM) with thermoelectric devices. The proposed system does not require any power consumption to maintain tight control over battery cell temperature during aggressive use and repetitive cycling. In addition, it can recover a portion of waste heat produced during the typical operation of EV battery packs. Commercially available LiFeP04 20 Ah pouch cell has been chosen as a test battery sample for validating the conceptual design presented herein. The commercial battery cells, submerged in a PCM-filled polycarbonate casing, are subjected to a cyclic discharge process to elucidate their heat generation characteristics at 27 °C. Charging and discharging is conducted at 0.5C and 1C, respectively. A thermoelectric circuit is used to recover the heat energy absorbed by the PCM and to convert it to electrical energy. The manuscript further details some of the major findings of this experiment.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of Coupled Thermal Management Systems Used in Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gequn Shu ◽  
Chen Hu ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Xiaoya Li ◽  
Zhigang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Thermal Management System

About 2/3 of the combustion energy of internal combustion engine (ICE) is lost through the exhaust and cooling systems during its operation. Besides, automobile accessories like the air conditioning system and the radiator fan will bring additional power consumption. To improve the ICE efficiency, this paper designs some coupled thermal management systems with different structures which include the air conditioning subsystem, the waste heat recovery subsystem, engine and coolant subsystem. CO2 is chosen as the working fluid for both the air conditioning subsystem and the waste heat recovery subsystem. After conducting experimental studies and a performance analysis for the subsystems, the coupled thermal management system is evaluated at different environmental temperatures and engine working conditions to choose the best structure. The optimal pump speed increases with the increase of environmental temperature and the decrease of engine load. The optimal coolant utilization rate decreases with the increase of engine load and environmental temperature, and the value is between 38% and 52%. While considering the effect of environmental temperature and road conditions of real driving and the energy consumption of all accessories of the thermal management system, the optimal thermal management system provides a net power of 4.2 kW, improving the ICE fuel economy by 1.2%.

scholarly journals Optimal Thermal Management System for HALE UAV

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Patel ◽  
C. E. Lents
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Component Reliability ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Rotary Engines ◽  
Development Risks ◽  
Recovery Approach

This paper discusses an optimal thermal management system for a High Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Air vehicle (HALE UAV). It examines several configurations to reject waste heat from the vehicle’s propulsion engine cooling system as well as the avionic cooling system and identifies the configuration which has a minimum impact on aircraft endurance, component reliability, and development risks. The optimization process incorporates two basic heat rejection approaches. One is a conventional approach which rejects cooling system waste heat to the atmosphere, and the other is a waste heat recovery approach which converts a portion of the waste heat into electricity to power avionics. Both concepts were optimized for three types of propulsion engines: Spark Ignition Piston engines, Rotary engines, and Diesel engines.

scholarly journals Integrated Energy and Thermal Management for Electrified Powertrains

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyang Wei ◽  
Theo Hofman ◽  
Esin Ilhan Caarls ◽  
Rokus van Iperen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Thermal Management System

This study presents an integrated energy and thermal management system to identify the fuel-saving potential caused by cold-starting an electrified powertrain. In addition, it quantifies the benefit of adopting waste heat recovery (WHR) technologies on the ultimate fuel savings. A cold-start implies a low engine temperature, which increases the frictional power dissipation in the engine, leading to excess fuel usage. A dual-source WHR (DSWHR) system is employed to recuperate waste heat from exhaust gases. The energy harvested is stored in a battery and can be retrieved when needed. Moreover, the system recovers waste heat from an electric machine, including power electronics and a continuous variable transmission, to boost the heating performance of a heat pump for cabin heating. This results in a decrease in the load on the battery. The integrated energy and thermal management system aims at maximizing the fuel efficiency for a pre-defined drive cycle. Simulation results show that cold-start conditions affect the fuel-saving potential significantly, up to 7.1% on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), yet have a small impact on the optimal controller. The DSWHR system improves the fuel economy remarkably, up to 13.1% on the NEDC, from which the design of WHR technologies and dimensioning of powertrain components can be derived. As the optimal solution is obtained offline, a complete energy consumption minimization strategy framework, considering both energy and thermal aspects, is proposed to enable online implementation.

scholarly journals Numerical Study on Performance Enhancement of the Air-Cooled Battery Thermal Management System by Adding Parallel Plates

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3096
Author(s):  
Meiwei Wang ◽  
Tzu-Chen Hung ◽  
Huan Xi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Cooling Efficiency ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Battery Thermal Management System

Air-cooled battery thermal management system (BTMS) technology is commonly used to control the temperature distribution of the battery pack in an electric vehicle. In this study, parallel plates are introduced to improve the cooling efficiency of the BTMS, which can change the airflow distribution of the battery pack. Firstly, the effect of the number of parallel plates on the cooling performance of the BTMS is investigated; within the acceptable range of power consumption loss, the model with two parallel plates shows the best cooling efficiency, and Tmax and ΔTmax are reduced by 2.42 and 3.46 K, respectively. Then, the influences of the length and height of parallel plates are studied; the optimal values for length and height are 1.5 and 30 mm, respectively. Finally, the conclusions drawn above are used to design three optimization schemes for the model with four parallel plates; the cooling efficiency of the battery pack can be improved efficiently, which illustrates the feasibility of the above conclusions. Compared to the original model, Tmax and ΔTmax are, respectively, reduced by 3.37 K (6.17%) and 5.5 K (71.9%) after optimization.

scholarly journals Analytical Study of Tri-generation System Integrated with Thermal Management Using HT-PEMFC Stack

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang ◽  
Shin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Heat Utilization ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Waste Heat Utilization ◽  
Generative System

Recently, extensive studies on power generation using clean energy have been conducted to reduce air pollution and global warming. In particular, as existing internal combustion engines lose favor to power generation through hydrogen fuel cells, the development of tri-generation technology using efficient and reliable fuel cells is gaining importance. This study proposes a tri-generation thermal management model that enables thermal control and waste heat utilization control of a high-temperature PEMFC stack that simultaneously satisfies combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) load. As the high-temperature PEMFC stack operates at 150 °C or more, a tri-generative system using such a stack requires a thermal management system that can maintain the operating temperature of the stack and utilize the stack waste heat. Thus, to apply the waste heat produced through the stack to heating (hot water) and absorption cooling, proper distribution control of the thermal management fluid (cooling fluid) of the stack is essential. For the thermal management fluid control design, system analysis modeling was performed to selectively design the heat exchange amount of each part utilizing the stack waste heat. In addition, a thermal management system based on thermal storage was constructed for complementary waste heat utilization and active stack cooling control. Through a coupled analysis of the stack thermal management model and the absorption cooling system model, this study compared changes in system performance by cooling cycle operation conditions. This study investigated into the appropriate operating conditions for cooling operation in a tri-generative system using a high-temperature PEMFC stack.

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